• Composites Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.177-184
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• 2020

Flame retardant(FR) clothes prohibit additional fire diffusion and make the personnel do their tasks without a hitch in a flammable environment. The existing FR clothes, however, are heavy and give high thermal fatigue. Therefore, it is strongly demanded to develop a light, convenient, and eco-friendly clothes. Recently, many works have been reported to make FR fabrics with phosphorus compounds, but their performance could not satisfy the specified criteria in appraisal standards of domestic and American FR clothes or combat uniforms. In this paper, two kinds of phosphorus compounds were applied to cotton fabric. Graphene oxide functionalized with a phosphorus-rich deep eutectic solvent and ammonium polyphosphate were coated on cotton fabric by eco-friendly padding procedure. The coated fabrics were analyzed with thermogravimetric analysis, vertical flame resistance test(ASTM D6413), cone calorimeter test(ISO 5660-1), and method of test for limited flame spread(ISO 15025). It was revealed that the as-made cotton with those two materials simultaneously had better flame resistance than the cottons with each one. Furthermore, an additional coating for hydrophobicity on the FR cotton was tried for better washing fastness.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.21
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• pp.147-175
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• 2003

This study is primarily concerned with the criteria for choosing a legitimate state plaintiff in cases involving a states request to media for a right of reply. Interpretation of the right of reply itself is different from country to country because of different constitutional views and systems in each state. Unlike the United States, the constitution of the Republic of Korea does not expressly prohibit the making of laws adversely affecting freedom of the press. Accordingly, in Korea freedom of the press may be restricted through legislation within certain limits and the right of reply is not incompatible with the spirit of the constitution. An analysis of relevant law makes it clear that the particular agency aggrieved should initiate the suit rather than the Justice Minister. The idea that the Justice Minister should assume the role of plaintiff in all state cases seems to stem from flawed interpretations of provisions in the Law Governing Registration of Periodicals and the Law Governing Litigation Involving the State. Even though each state agency has the right of reply, it should be cautioned not to abuse it as the states frequent involvement in litigation may bring on unnecessary misunderstanding and have a chilling effect on the media. The right of reply does not always imply that a certain media report in question is wrong and the media should be sanctioned for it. The right of reply is basically intended to help the general public make an informed judgment on issues presented in the media and insure fairness and balance.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.119-136
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• 2012

The goal of this study is to apply the IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) concept of vulnerability to climate change and verify the use of a combination of vulnerability index and fuzzy logic to flood vulnerability analysis and mapping in Seoul using GIS. In order to achieve this goal, this study identified indicators influencing floods based on literature review. We include indicators of exposure to climate(daily max rainfall, days of 80mm over), sensitivity(slope, geological, average DEM, impermeability layer, topography and drainage), and adaptive capacity(retarding basin and green-infra). Also, this research used fuzzy model for aggregating indicators, and utilized frequency ratio to decide fuzzy membership values. Results show that the number of days of precipitation above 80mm, the distance from river and impervious surface have comparatively strong influence on flood damage. Furthermore, when precipitation is over 269mm, areas with scare flood mitigation capacities, industrial land use, elevation of 16~20m, within 50m distance from rivers are quite vulnerable to floods. Yeongdeungpo-gu, Yongsan-gu, Mapo-gu include comparatively large vulnerable areas. This study improved previous flood vulnerability assessment methodology by adopting fuzzy model. Also, vulnerability map provides meaningful information for decision makers regarding priority areas for implementing flood mitigation policies.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.113-125
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• 2015

Information Security Incidents that have recently happen rapidly spread and the scale of that incidents' damage is large. In addition, as it proceeds to the era of converged industry in the future environment and the virtual cyber world expands to the physical world, new types of security threats have occurred. Now, it is time to supply security professionals who have a multi-dimensional security capabilities that can manage the strategies of technological security and physical security from the management point of view, rather than the ones who primarily focus on the traditional technologic-centered strategies to solve new types of security threats. In conclusion, in this paper we try to produce the curriculum of information security featured in the occupational classification system and analyze the subjects that are additionally required for those who move to other occupations to cultivate security professionals who suited to the converged-industrial environment. It is expected that multi-dimensional security professionals who suited to the converged-industrial environment will be cultivated by harmoniously integrating information security subjects from technological and business/managerial perspectives, and education training courses will be developed that effectively provide core knowledges per occupational classification when people moves to other occupations in the areas of information security.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.135-150
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• 2014

As the collection and use of personal information increases, the accidents that abuse and leak personal information are continuously increasing. The nation has established new laws and strengthened related laws for the prevention of the mass leakage of personal information and the secondary damage due to the leaked personal information. The nation also established the guidelines that need to be implemented by the institutions handling personal information for the safety of the personal information. For the efficient implementation of guidelines under the limited time and resources, it is necessary to establish the priorities between guidelines. This paper compares the relative importance of the guidelines by AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) technique. We performed the analysis on two expert groups, the group of consultants working in information security consulting company and the group of information security staffs handling personal information directly in the company. We compared the differences between groups and recommended the relative importances of the guidelines.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 2012

Recently climate change and increase of surface runoff caused the urban flooding. Traditional way of dealing with urban flooding has been to increase the sewer capacity or construction of pumping stations, however, it is practically almost impossible because of time, money and traffic problems. Multipurpose DRMS (Decentralized Rainwater Management System) is a new paradigm proposed and recommended by NEMA (National Emergency Management Agency) for both flood control and water conservation. Suwon City has already enacted the ordinance on sound water cycle management by DRMS. In this study, a flood prone area in Suwon is selected and analysis of DRMS has been made using XP-SWMM for different scenarios of RT installation with same total rainwater tank volume and location. Installing one rainwater tank of 3,000$m^3$ can reduce the peak flow rate by 15.5%. Installing six rainwater tanks of 500$m^3$ volume in the area can reduce the peak flow rate by 28%. Three tanks which is concentrated in the middle region can reduce peak rate more than evenly distributed tanks. The method and results found from this study can be used for the design and performance prediction of DRMS at a flood prone area by supplementing the existing sewer system without increase of the sewer capacity.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.305-314
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• 2008

Urban sewer systems are designed to operate in open-channel flow regime and energy loss at circular manholes are usually not significant. However, the energy loss at manholes, often exceeding the friction loss of pipes under surcharge flow, is considered as one of the major causes of inundation in urban area. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the head loss associated with manholes, especially in surcharge flow. Hydraulic experimental apparatus which can be changed the invert type(CASE A, B, C) and step height(CASE I, II, III) was installed for this study. The range of the experimental discharges were from $1.0{\ell}/sec$ to $5.6\;{\ell}/sec$. As the manhole diameter ratio($D_m/D_{in}$) increases, head loss coefficient increases due to strong horizontal swirl motion. Head loss coefficient was maximum because of strong oscillation of water surface when the range of manhole depth ratios($h_m/D_{in}$) were from 1.0 to 1.5. The average head loss coefficients for CASE A, B, and C were 0.45, 0.37, and 0.30, respectively. Accordingly, U-invert is most effective for energy loss reduction at circular manhole. This head loss coefficients could be available to design the urban sewer system with surcharge flow.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.129-133
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• 2015

The antioxidant potentials of ten kinds of medicinal plants used as natural dyeing agents were tested. Among the plant extracts and floral waters that were examined in this study, the antioxidant activities of the DPPH and ABTS radical scavengers increased with increasing amounts of the extracts. The hot-water extracts from Aphis chinensis, Caesalpinia sappan L., Rumex crispus L., and Areca catechu effectively inhibited the DPPH and ABTS radicals at concentration below 0.1 mg/mL. The floral water obtained through steam distillation from Areca catechu, Rubia akane Nakai, Coptis chinensis, and Phellodendron amurense showed relatively valid antioxidant activities. In particular, the natural colorants extracted from Rumex crispus L., Areca catechu, and Aphis chinensis effectively suppressed the photogenerated singlet oxygen induced by a photosensitizer in in-vitro assay systems. The concentrations ($IC_{50}$) of the hot-water Aphis chinensis extract required to exert a 50% reduction effect on DPPH, ABTS, and singlet oxygen were found to be 8.5, 8.0, and $210{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The study results suggest that extracts derived from naturally occurring colorants as well as floral waters could be used as natural antioxidants in the food and health-care industries.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.401-406
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of cone protective net and the variation of cone and seed characteristics of a unique and rare dwarf stone pine (Pinus pumila Regel) population in Mt. Seorak which is in the southern peripheral of South Korea. Iron protective net (50 mesh, 25 ${\times}$ 25 cm) was effective in reducing birds and rodents damage to conelet, thereby it was possible to safely collect seed genetic resources. Early July was observed to be the most appropriate season to cover conelet with Iron protective net. P. pumila have ovoid-triangle shaped, wingless seeds and indehiscent cones, seeds dissemination is mainly by the hoarding behavior of nutcrackers and rodents. Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences among individuals within population, and the mean characteristics of the species were 35.3 mm, 25.6 mm, 1.38, 6.6 g and 39.3 ea in the cone length, cone width, cone index, cone weight and in number of seeds per cone, respectively. Coefficients of variations in seed weight and number of seeds per cone were relatively high (21.7%, 21.5%, respectively) compared to other traits. Based on the correlation analysis between cone characteristics and seed characteristics, the length of cone and seed showed a significant positive correlation with the seed size and the seed weight, but the width and thickness of seed showed a negative correlation with the number of seeds per cone.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.57-81
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• 2010

Since the Republic of Korea is highly dependent on fossil fuels despite high oil prices, it urgently needs to renew its economic and social system to cut carbon emissions and achieve green growth. Therefore, reforming or eliminating subsidies related to the use of fossil fuels is a timely and oppropriate policy recommendation for Korea. It would be a win-win deal for Korean society as it would not only reduce the use of environmentally harmful fossil fuels but also enhance economic efficiency. In particular, cross-subsidies for industrial, agricultural and night thermal-storage power services make up more than 80 percent of all subsidies provided to the entire electric power industry sector of Korea. Of these cross-subsidies, this paper analyzes the electricity subsidy for industries, which takes up the largest share (about KRW 1.6583 trillion yearly), among the environmentally harmful subsidies in the electric power sector. Thus, the paper focuses on the analysis of ripple effect anticipated when this is reformed. To examine the effects of this subsidy reform, price elasticities were estimated using the ARDL (autoregressive distributed lag) model and quarterly data from 1990 to 2007. The main results of this study show that 1) annual energy demand for electric power in the industrial sector would drop by 12,475,930MWh and 2) $CO_2$ emissions would plummet by 2,644,897 tons per year if the subsidy were reformed. We can deduct from this that the abolition of environmentally harmful subsidies in the electric power sector in the Republic of Korea would considerably contribute to $CO_2$ emissions abatement in the country.