• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.252-262
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• 2019

Following the earthquake in Gyeongju (2016) and Pohang (2017), South Korea is no longer a safe place for earthquakes. Accordingly, the need for shelters suitable for disaster environments is increasing. In this study, a lightweight composite panel was used to produce post-disaster housing for refugees to compensate for the disadvantages of existing evacuation facilities. For this purpose, an evaluation of structural performance and thermal environment for post-disaster housing for refugees composed of lightweight composite panels was performed. To assess the structural performance, a lateral loading test was conducted on a system made of lightweight composite panels. The specimens consisted of two types, which differed according to the bonding method, as a variable. In addition, the seismic and wind loads were calculated in accordance with KBC 2016 and compared with the experimental results. Regarding the energy performance, optimization of south-facing window planning and window-wall ratio and solar heat gain coefficient were analyzed to minimize heating, cooling, and lighting energy. As a result, the specimens composed of lightweight composite panels will perform sufficiently safely for lateral loads and the optimized window planning will lead to a low-energy operation.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 2012

Performance-based design (PBD) for large scale high rise buildings has been enforced to secure fire and evacuation safety since July 1, 2011. As various types of trial and error were expected in the early stage, to suggest solutions to the problems that might be followed by the enforcement, the regulations on PBD were reviewed and a questionnaire survey to fire protection specialists was carried out. It was confirmed that PBD is required for large scale apartment buildings, and specific and detail criteria for PBD methodology and evaluations, education for PBD to personnel who design and evaluate are also in need.

• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

While the importance of barrier-free and fire evacuation design is highlighted in architectural design education, systemic analysis, and examination on such performances are still challenging due to methodological lacks. The present study investigates the effectiveness of BIM-based human behavior simulation for architecture major students' analytical examinations to promote barrier-free and fire evacuation performances. To achieve such an aim, quasi-experiments were conducted, which compare 50 students' analysis and examination scores according to the use and non-use of the simulation, and the data were collected via participants' survey and interview. As a result, T-Test and MANOVA analyses indicate that, compared with its non-use counterpart, the use of human behavior simulation better facilitates the students' (1) examination of the physical properties and dimensions for the disabled's accessibility and evacuation, (2) understanding of the bodily capacity and handicap of the disabled, (3) examination on the spatial layouts and locations of exits, (4) understanding on evacuees' urgent behaviors, and (5) responsibility as an architect. Based on previous studies, the reasons of statistical results are interpreted as the explicit observation and analytical measures of multiple numbers of virtual-evacuees and direct-experience from body range of the disabled responding to the populated occupants as what they face in authentic reality.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.146-157
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• 2018

Over the last 10 years, the number of disasters has been increasing in Korea. As a result, the need for temporary residences or shelters for disaster conditions is increasing. In this study, post-disaster refugees housing was developed using lightweight composite panels that are lighter than the materials that make up the existing shelter. To accomplish this, the structural performance of the lightweight composite panel was validated. Among the performance tests on the panels, the transverse load test was conducted according to the ASTM E 72 criteria. As a result of the experiment, when each specimen was subjected to a uniformly distributed load, the allowable load was determined according to the span. All the experiments were ended due to a loss of adhesive at the junction of the skin and core. Further analysis was conducted to calculate the shear stress when the junction was dropped. The mean shear stress at the adhesive surface of a specimen, 150 mm and 200 mm in thickness, was 0.0170MPa and 0.0156MPa, respectively. This suggests that similar values were obtained from panels of equal thickness. In addition, this stress provides a criterion of judgment that could be used to inspect the structural performance of the panels. The performance of the panel was evaluated based on the allowable load, but it may be possible to increase the strength of the lightweight composite panel by improving the joining method to avoid separation from the junction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.782-790
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• 2016

When a fire occurs on a ship that has mechanical ventilation facilities, the air supply and exhaust systems directly effect smoke diffusion. And there is a high possibility that occupant's visibility will be harmed because of smoke. In this study, the effects and risks of air supply and exhaust systems with regard to smoke diffusion given a shipboard fire analyzed with a Fire Dynamic Simulator(FDS). Suggested measures are also provided for using air supply and exhaust systems more efficiently. The results showed that, when air supply and exhaust systems were both working at the time of a fire, rather than stopping these systems as previously encouraged, continuing to operate both was an effective measure to gain evacuation time. When a fire occurred and the exhaust system was operating, also starting the air supply system near the origin of the fire was another effective approach to gain evacuation time. However, when only the air supply system was operating and a fire occurred, the air supply system accelerated smoke diffusion, so it was necessary to stop the air supply system to detect smoke diffusion as much as possible.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.917-930
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• 2018

A quantitative risk assessment method for quantitatively evaluating the fire risk in designing a road tunnel disaster prevention facilities has been introduced to evaluate the appropriateness of a disaster prevention facility in a large tunnel through which all vehicle types pass. However, since the quantitative risk assessment method of the developed can be applied only to the large sectional area tunnels (large tunnels), it is necessary to develop a quantitative risk assessment method for road tunnels passing only small cars which has recently been constructed or planned. In this study, fire accidents scenarios and quantitative risk assesment method for small road tunnels through small cars only which is based on the methods for existing road tunnels (large tunnels). And the risk according to the distance between cross passage is evaluated. As a result, in order to satisfy the societal risk assessment criteria, the distance of the appropriate distance between cross passages was estimated to be 200 m, and the effect of the ventilation system of the large port exhaust ventilation system was quantitatively analyzed by comparing the longitudinal ventilation system.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.121-129
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• 2019

In Korea, life safety assessment through simulation are mandatory in performance-based design. Generally, there are three types of methods for simulation-based life safety assessments: the non-coupling method that compares available safe egress time (ASET) and required safe egress time (RSET) at a specific point through conducting fire and assessment simulations independently; the semi-coupling method that compares fire and evacuation simulation results by overlaying the result screens; and the coupling method that compares the results of fire effect simulation to an evacuation simulation. Of these methods, all designers in South Korea have used the only non-coupling method. In the non-coupling method, it is important to determine the location of a specific point to compare ASET and RSET. However, without any defined regulation, setting the location is determined based on the designer's experience and knowledge. The number of specific locations and the locations themselves differ with each designer, which can produce contrasting results in a life safety assessment. Therefore, this study conducted a life safety assessment based on the three methods (non-coupling, semi-coupling and coupling) and compared each of the results. Furthermore this study suggests a improvement way in particular for the computer simulation.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.239-249
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• 2022

Fire resistance performance and performance design of fire doors are becoming more important to prevent the spread of fire and support the rapid evacuation of apartment buildings. In this study, a database using 182 evacuation spaces and 308 common areas that passed the fire performance test was established, and fire door performance influencing factors were derived through an analysis of the structure(12 elements) of the fire door. As a result, the effects of fire-resisting filler density, adhesive, and foam gasket were confirmed for evacuation space, and the effects of fire-resisting filler, adhesive, and fire fins were confirmed for common areas. In the fire door fire resistance test, flames and cracks were analyzed as the most frequent failure factors.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.454-457
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 소방시설의 성능위주의설계를 수행하기 위하여 ETA(Event Tree Analysis) 기법을 적용하는 방안을 고찰하였다. ETA기법에서는 화재시나리오를 사건(Event)의 인과관계로 된 각 단계의 사건으로 구성한다. 본 연구에서는 ETA에서 구성된 시나리오에 따른 심각도를 화재시뮬레이션과 피난 시뮬레이션을 통한 수행으로 사망자수를 도출하는 방안을 적용하였고, 각 시나리오의 빈도(확률)은 FTA(Fault Tree Analysis) 기법을 적용하여 분기 확률을 도출하도록 하였다. ETA에서 도출한 사망자수와 빈도를 이용하여 F-N 커브를 작성하여 위험도를 평가하여 소방설계의 보완 및 대책을 수립하는 방안을 제시하였다.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.687-698
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• 2011

In this study, it was analyzed by a numerical analysis that plan/design considerations for ensuring the spectator safety of large arena audiences in a fire emergency evacuation plan. The latest issue, the 'performance-based design', fire and evacuation plan is important. But nowadays 'Specification-based design' is in common. In evacuation simulation, congestion of exit and aisle is ignored because only evacuation time of large-space is mainly analyzed. In smoke flow,'smoke filling effect' tends to be overrated. From now on, when design a field house, it is needed not 'smoke filling effect' and 'large-space evacuation' analysis, but analyzing 'whole building evacuation time' for ensuring fire evacuation safety of spectator.