• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.73-82
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• 2011

This study was performed to analysis the influence of smoke alarm detector on evacuation safety in housing fire. The analysis was conducted by CFAST fire simulation program and building EXODUS evacuation program. The effects of the earlier response time on evacuation safety were investigated by using evacuation simulation program with several steps of different response time and smoke alarm activation time for 4 occupants. The smoke detecter was activated 37.1 second after fire. The first two mortuary were occurred for 170 seconds of response time at the end of living room near exit. But for the 37.1 seconds of response time 4 occupants evacuated safely. From this study, the fire alarm detector is more important for safety evacuation in housing fire.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.59-68
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• 2012

Predicting occupants' behaviors from the start of the fire to egress and reducing the time required for such process are critical matters that can decide success and failure of safe egress. In this research, research literatures and theories and fire cases were compared and analyzed so as to prepare logical grounds that could predict the process of beginning egress. As a result of this research, there was a significant difference in the time elapsed until people start evacuating due to spatial positions and quarantine from the place from which the fire originated and their auditive and olfactory signs did not recognize the fire instantly and they showed a strong tendency to recognize the fire by visual sign, warning announcement for egress and notice by others. And the results also showed that only a very small minority of occupants evacuated as soon as they perceived the fire and that variation in the time elapsed until evacuation begun for occupants were wider as the size of building was bigger and that accommodations such as hotel had wider variation in the time elapsed regardless of the size of buildings.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.348-351
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• 2011

본 연구는 국내의 급격한 고령화추세 및 등록장애인수 증가에 따른 재해약자시설의 피난안전설계를 위한 기초연구로서 국내 재해약자시설의 화재사례 분석을 통한 문제점 도출과 화재발생 시 인명피해를 최소화 시키기 위해 가장 중요할 것으로 판단되는 피난개시시간 및 초기대응행동에 관한 국외연구사례를 분석하였다. 국내의 경우 피난행동특성에 관한 연구는 전무하며 또한 실제적인 성능설계나 피난계획이 미흡한 실정이므로 향 후 재해약자의 피난행동특성을 고려한 다양한 연구를 통한 DATA확보가 시급할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.809-822
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• 2018

A quantitative risk assessment has been introduced to quantitatively evaluate fire risk as a means of performance based fire protection design in the design of railway tunnel disaster prevention facilities. However, there are insufficient studies to examine the effect of various risk factors on the risk. Therefore, in this study, the risk assessment was conducted on the model tunnel in order to examine the effects of the evacuation start time delay and the fire growth curve on the quantitative risk assessment. As a result of the analysis of the scenario, the fatalities occurred mainly when escapes in the same direction as the direction of the fire smoke movement. In addition, after the FED exceeded 0.3, the maximum fatalities occurred within 10 minutes. In the range of relatively low risk, distance between cross passages, evacuation delay time and fire growth curve were found to affect the risk, but they were found to have little effect on the condition that the risk reached the limit. Especially, in this study, it was evaluated that the evacuation delay time reduction, fire intensity and duration reduction effect were not observed when the distance between cross passages was more than 1500 m.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.252-257
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• 2004

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.270-271
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• 2014

In spite of the methodology of evacuation process on vessels should be different comparing to the architecture on land, some have simulated the evacuations onboard ship with simulation tools which is developed only for the architecture. On this study, a vessel-oriented simulation tool is used to analyze the possibility of evacuation for a passenger ship. ${\cdots}$(중략)${\cdots}$ As a result of the simulation analysis, it is clear that the initial responding time and start-to-move time are so important, ${\cdots}$(중략)${\cdots}$.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.598-608
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• 2014

The first operation of alarm system starts at a detector. And the largest effect is produced on the operation of detector by the fire source position and installation position. Nevertheless, the Korean standard for the installation of detector only specifies matters of fire detector installation according to area and height, without consideration of installation position and fire source position. Therefore, this study carried out a fire test in consideration of detector installation position and fire source position (5 places) in order to minimize casualties owing to the fast operation of fire detector when a fire occurred. Considering that it took the longest time for a detector close to a wall to work in the results of this test, it was possible to find that a minimum clearance to the wall was required.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.344-347
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• 2011

최근 대형화된 재난사고가 빈번히 발생하고 있으며 이에 따른 건축물의 피난설계가 중요시 되고 있지만 일반인에 비해 재해 시 피난이 곤란한 재해약자가 이용하는 시설에서의 성능설계나 피난계획은 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내 장애인 복지시설을 대상으로 피난안전성평가를 실시하여 그 문제점을 도출하였으며 그 결과 장애인시설의 피난안전을 위해서는 피난개시시간, 엘리베이터 피난, 내장재, 발코니 유무, 출구 폭 등의 문제점에 관한 대책이 시급하며 또한 성능기반 피난안전설계 의무화가 우선시 되어야 할것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.105-114
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• 2015

Even though the passengers' safety has priority on Passenger ship, there is no criterion on the evacuation performance related with human behavior. To uncover the potential problems of domestic criteria on safety of passenger ships, this study performed simulation ad analysis the evacuees safety before and after the Sewol's remodelling. It is clear that the assembly stations of both before and after Sewol remodelling have sufficient areas to satisfy the domestic criterion by simply human- body's-area, but those are failed to assemble all the passengers by the simulation tool that reflects the human behaviors' characteristics. For the healing angle as 0 degree, and the criteria of SOLAS, it was found out that all the passengers can safely evacuate from each cabins to the embarkation stations for both of the before-and-after the Sewol remodelling. But for the healing angle as 20 degree, both of the before-and-after Sewol remodelling are evaluated as possible to make all the passengers evacuate for day scenario and impossible for night scenario of SOLAS criteria. And because of the worse conditions after the remodelling, the probabilities of Sewol(before) are showed wide band comparing to Naminoue (after).

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.156-165
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• 2020

In this paper, the application of evacuation delay time (Cognition time + initiation time) and examine the degree of opening of fire doors in households for evaluating evacuation safety and suggest a realistic alternative. In order to proceed with this study, first of all, the preliminary investigation on evacuation safety evacuation of residential-type buildings (Apartment, urban living houses, etc.) among the performance-oriented design targets of Gwangju Metropolitan City, which was implemented until June 2018. Then, for the two representative types that are commonly used among the previously surveyed buildings, evacuation delay time is applied to W1, W2, and respectively simulating the opening of the doors is applied to th full open, 1/4 open, the leakage gap and evacuation safety evaluation was performed. As a result of evaluating evacuation safety was found that it is difficult to secure evacuation safety regardless of evacuation delay time W1 and W2 when the fire door is fully open and 1/4 open, Only when the leakage gap is applied evacuation safety was ensured even if evacuation delay time W2 was applied. Therefore, when a residential building is subject to performance-oriented design, evaluating the application of W2 rather than W1 is considered for evacuation delay time to reflect concern about privacy infringement due to CCTV installation, etc. In order to secure the Smoke blocking performance of the fire door and to improve the performance-oriented design, I would like to propose to consider the method of applying a leak gap to the degree of opening of the fire door. Through this, it is expected that the performance-oriented design will be a step further by performing evacuation safety evaluation with more realistic data.