• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.203-211
• /
• 2009

With supply of the domestic digital camera, the relative importance of the digital camera is coming to be high gradually on aerial photogrammetry, the image of digital camera is more applied in image map or digital topographic map production. But, there are cases that do not have position information or attitude information of each photograph in digital camera results. Therefore, we wish to present additional method to get more accurate photograph control point result. In this study, One is called A method, which is the case of entering positioning information of principal point from topographic map as default values that are need to extract tie point automatically using by 56 pieces of photography that are photographed by DMC to the extent to 5 courses and 35 GCP points. The other is called B-method, which is the case of entering exterior orientation parameters that are processed by block adjustment for A-method using by 4 control points in method-1 as default values. We have analyzed about results per control points arrangement for two cases using MATCH-AT that is photograph control point measurement S/W of Germany INPHO company. As a result of analysis, accuracy of B-method was better than that of A-method, and we could get more accurate results if block adjustments are executed including self calibration. Also, it is more effective in expense side that using self calibration for photograph survey in B-method because can reduce GCP numbers.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.11-19
• /
• 2016

This paper proposes a method to directly retarget facial motion capture data to the facial rig. Facial rig is an essential tool in the production pipeline, which allows helping the artist to create facial animation. The direct mapping method from the motion capture data to the facial rig provides great convenience because artists are already familiar with the use of a facial rig and the direct mapping produces the mapping results that are ready for the artist's follow-up editing process. However, mapping the motion data into a facial rig is not a trivial task because a facial rig typically has a variety of structures, and therefore it is hard to devise a generalized mapping method for various facial rigs. In this paper, we propose a data-driven approach to the robust mapping from motion capture data to an arbitary facial rig. The results show that our method is intuitive and leads to increased productivity in the creation of facial animation. We also show that our method can retarget the expression successfully to non-human characters which have a very different shape of face from that of human.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
• /
• s.31
• /
• pp.91-116
• /
• 2013

The accessibility and effect of cartoon on children are very significant. Since cartoon is a medium of conveying information through text and pictures, it has a characteristic of being easily approached by children than any other medium. Its accessibility to children is inevitably more exceptional than any other medium in the sense that it is a method of not only telling or reading stories but also showing stories. The main audience of is children. It has a characteristic of being easily accepted by children since it's mythology seen in cartoon than read in text. However, gods conducts are full of unethical expressions. Sexual expressions of intermarriages between mother and son, between brother and sister and between uncle and niece, as well as extramarital intercourse are very unethical that could have negative effects on children. This study analyzed the unethical expressions of gods that could have negative effects on children at current point in time. Zeus was often unfaithful to his wife with many stories about the children of Zeus that were created from extramarital intercourse. Standard of value on rational decision has been established for adult readers, but children can readily accept things since they lack their own rational decision on what's right and wrong. As an alternative to children's uncritical observatory study, there is a need for author's intervention to help children form desirable values. The purpose of this study is to analyze the sexual expressions of Zeus and gods in that could affect children's social study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.555-563
• /
• 2009

When a mobile mapping system or a robot is equipped with only a GPS (Global Positioning System) and multiple stereo camera system, a transformation from a local camera coordinate system to GPS coordinate system is required to link camera poses and 3D data by V-SLAM (Vision based Simultaneous Localization And Mapping) to GIS data or remove the accumulation error of those camera poses. In order to satisfy the requirements, this paper proposed a novel method that calculates a camera rotation in the GPS coordinate system using the three pairs of camera positions by GPS and V-SLAM, respectively. The propose method is composed of four simple steps; 1) calculate a quaternion for two plane's normal vectors based on each three camera positions to be parallel, 2) transfer the three camera positions by V-SLAM with the calculated quaternion 3) calculate an additional quaternion for mapping the second or third point among the transferred positions to a camera position by GPS, and 4) determine a final quaternion by multiplying the two quaternions. The final quaternion can directly transfer from a local camera coordinate system to the GPS coordinate system. Additionally, an update of the 3D data of captured objects based on view angles from the object to cameras is proposed. This paper demonstrated the proposed method through a simulation and an experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.157-164
• /
• 1997

This study deals with GPS-photogrammetry practicability by C/A-code reception. It allows data to be acquired and analyzed fast. Combined block adjustment method was applied at the topographical map production of coast-land. And we compared it that of conventional block adjustment. As a result, it was found that accuracy was very sensitive to the arrangement and number of control points. The accuracy in the horizontal and vertical was $\pm{2cm}$ if all of the control points was available. however accuracy was not affected at additional parameters for systematic errors' elimination and it leads to bad results when the number of control points was few and arrangement of control points was not stabilized. GPS observations were added in block adjustment, but the accuracy of block was not upgraded due to the low accuracy of C/A-code reception. So relative positioning method with carrier phases was required for high accuracy and it is expected that CPS photogrammetry with C/A-code will be used widely according to the improvement of observation methods and the development of receiver.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
• /
• v.34 no.10
• /
• pp.715-725
• /
• 1998

우리 사람들은 자신의 생각을 다른 사람들에게 전하고자 할 때 언어를 주로 이용하고 보조적인 수단으로 몸짓을 한다. 사용하는 언어가 달라 소통이 어려울 때는 부득이 몸짓으로만 서로 의견을 나누게 되는데 손짓과 발짓은 물론 얼굴의 표정까지 동원된다. 물론 언어를 이용한 의사전달 만큼 정확하지도 못하고 시간적으로도 효율적이지 못하지만 그런 대로 급한 문제는 해결할 수 있는 경우가 않다. 동물들이 서로의 의사소통을 위하여 어떤 형태의 언어 및 언어에 가까운 음성기호를 이용할 능력이 있는지에 대하여는 학자들 간에도 논란이 계속되고 있으나 분명한 것은 어떤 방법으로든 동물들도 제나름대로 자신의 의사를 전달하고 또한 상대편이 전하고자 하는 뜻을 파악하여 이에 적절히 대처를 한다는 점이다. 이런 점에서 동물들을 대상으로 하는 학문인 수의분야에서는 우리 인간들에게 익숙한 언어와 행동이 아닌 동물들의 독특한 의사전달 방법을 정확히 이해하는 것이 무엇보다도 중요하다는 점을 인식하는 것이 필요하다 동물의 행동 하나 하나는 인간의 행동과 마찬가지로 나름대로의 의미를 지니고 있다. 이러한 동물의 행동을 인간의 눈 높이에서가 아닌 동물이 표현하고자 하는 행동 언어적인 측면에서의 이해가 필요한 것이다. 야생동물의 행동양식에 대한 연구는 생래학적으로 비교적 많이 이루어진 편이나 가축화된 동물들에 대하여는 체계적이고 비교학적인 연구가 아직도 부족한 실정이다. 특히 우리 나라에서는 이 분야에 대한 연구는 물론 외국의 연구내용에 대하여도 적극적인 소개가 이루어지지 못하였고 아울러 여러 분야에 실제 적용은 더욱 어려웠다. 동물의 건강을 책임지고 있는 우리 수의 분야는 물론, 가축을 사양하는 축산학 분야 및 모든 동물관련 분야에서 효율적이고 바람직한 동물과 인간의 관계를 구축하기 위하여는 무엇보다도 동물의 행동을 인간의 언어사용 측면에서 이해하려는 노력이 필요하다 하겠다. 이러한 일차적인 필요성에 조금이나마 도움이 되고자 하는 바람으로 외국문헌을 중심으로 인간의 생활과 밀접한 관계를 지닌 여러 동물들의 행동과 그 의미를 소개하고자 한다. 아울러, 소개되는 내용은 Domestic Animal Behavior for Veterinarians and Animal Scientists (제3판, Katherine A. Houpt 지음), Animal Behavior (Tim Halliday 지음), Canine and Feline Behavior Problems(Stefanie Schwartz 지음), Journal of Conpendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian,그리고The Merck Veterinary Manual의 Behavior와 같은 참고문헌에 크게 의존하여 기술된 것임을 밝힌다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.35-43
• /
• 1989

The improvements of highly accurate and dense control networks are major requirements to carry out numerical surveying and a large scale mapping for cadastral renovation. In the most conventional photogrammetric solutions, adjusted control coordinates have been applied to block triangulations. However, this study, imploying real data and those of simulated as well, contributes to a simultaneously combined adjustment. It also contains such photogrammetric as photocoordinates and geodetic observations like distances, angles and hight differences. Its purpose is to introduce the improved results, despite it is not sufficient for the ground network. In addition, through the detection of gross error, more precise observational data can be selected for the better adjustment. All in all, the result of this study can be summarized as follows : First, even if the ground control points are not sufficient nor existed at all, the combination of pbotogrammetric and geodetic observations are improved its accuracy. Secondly, the case #2 is more accurate than that of #3, and the case #7 comes into close to that of #6.

• Spatial Information Research
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.37-45
• /
• 2010

AT(Aerial Triangulation) is the essential procedure for creating orthophoto and transforming coordinates on the photographs into the real world coordinates utilizing GCPs (Ground Control Point) which is obtained by field survey and the external orientation factors from GPS/INS as a reference coordinates. In this procedure, all of the GCPs can be collected from field survey using GPS and Total Station, or obtained from digital maps. Collecting GCPs by field survey is accurate than GCPs from digital maps; however, lots of manpower should be put into the collecting procedure, and time and cost as well. On the other hand, in the case of obtaining GCPs from digital maps, it is very difficult to secure the required accuracy because almost things at each stage in the collecting procedure should rely on the subjective judgement of the performer. In this study, the results from three methods have been compared for the accuracy assessment in order to know if the results of each case is within the allowance error: for the perceivable objects such as road boarder, speed bumps, constructions etc., 1) GCPs selection utilizing the unique LiDAR intensity value reflected from such objects, 2) using LiDAR DSM and 3) GCPs from field survey. And also, AT and error analysis have been carried out w ith GCPs obtained by each case.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.829-837
• /
• 2014

The KOMPSAT-3 can acquire panchromatic stereo image with 0.7 m spatial resolution, and provides Rational Polynomial Coefficient (RPC). In order to determine ground coordinate using the provides RPC, which include interior-exterior orientation errors, its adjustment is needed by using the Ground Control Point (GCP). Several thousands of national Unified Control Points (UCPs) are established and overall distributed in the country by the Korean National Geographic Information Institute (NGII). UCPs therefore can be easily searched and downloaded by the national-control-point-record-issues system. This paper introduced the point-extraction method and the distance-bearing method to detect of UCPs. As results, the distance-bearing method was better detected through the experiment. RPC adjustment using this method was compared with that by only one UCP and GCPs using GPS. The proposed method was more accurate than the other method in the horizontal. As demonstrated in this paper, the proposed UCPs detection method could be replaced GPS surveying for RPC adjustment.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.369-376
• /
• 2015

The purposes of this study were to assess dental fear and anxiety level of patients attending a dental clinic using the dental fear survey (DFS) scale, to apply interventions chosen by patients for reducing dental fear and anxiety and measure their effects. This study surveyed 34 patients who visited a dental clinic in Seoul about their self-rated health and their experience of dental fear, and measured the level of dental fear using DFS. Trained dental hygienists applied interventions desired by the patients for reducing dental fear and anxiety and, for each intervention, examined the patients' satisfaction (very helpful [5 point]~not helpful at all [1 point]). Collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 21.0 through independent t-test or one-way ANOVA for difference in level of fear according to related characteristics, and through Wilcoxon signed rank test for comparison between before and after the intervention. The subjects' mean level of fear (DFS score) was 44.53, which was an average level, and the level of dental fear was relatively high for stimulus-response (2.72). The level of dental fear was higher in those who had experienced pains or indirect dental fear from dental treatment in the past, and those whose subjectively perceived health state was poor (p<0.05). With regard to the applied dental fear intervention, 'Helpful (3.57)' was the most common answer. Overall satisfaction before and after the application of dental fear intervention was generally high as 4.37 and 4.35, respectively, but it decreased slightly after the intervention. In order to lower the level of dental fear, it is considered effective to survey not only the level of dental fear but also patients' need of dental fear interventions and to apply a suitable intervention. It is also required to educate dental workers and to develop related manuals.