• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.83 no.2
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• pp.246-253
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• 1994

Four Quercus forests in Mt. Mohu were studied to investigate biomass, net production and effective biomass estimation method. Five $10m{\times}10m$ quadrats were set up, ten sample trees were cut and roots of three sample trees were excavated for dimension analysis in each forest. There was little difference in accuracy among three allometric biomass regression models of logWt=A+BlogD, $logWt=A+BlogD^2H$ and logWt=A+BlogD+ClogH, where Wt, D and H were dry weight, DBH and height, respectively. Analysis of covariance showed that there were no significant differences among slopes and intercepts of allometric biomass regressions, logWt=A+BlogD, of four Quercus species. Biomass of Q. acutissima, Q. nariabilis, Q. serrata and Q. mongolica forests were 164.0, 158.9, 115.3 and 118.9t/ha, respectively. Net production of Q. acutissima, Q. variabilis. Q. serrata and Q. mongolica forests were 25.0, 23.2, 14.5 and 12.6t/ha/yr., respectively. The proportion of roots to total biomass and total net production of Q. mongolica forest was higher than that of three other species forests. Net assimilation ratio of Q. acutissima, Q. variabilis, Q. serrata and Q. mongolica forests were 2.87, 2.80, 3.20 and 2.95, respectively. Relatively less leaf biomass of Q. serrata and Q. mongolica forests were the reason why total biomass and total net production of Q. serrata and Q. mongolica forests were less than those of Q. acutissima and Q. variabilis.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.119-129
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine cognitive and psychological characteristics of patients who visited psychiatric outpatient clinic with military service suitability issues. Methods : Since January, 2017 to September, 2018, patients were recruited from the department of psychiatry of university hospital. Participants were diagnosed using DSM-5 criteria by board certified psychiatrists. And each of participants tested with K-WAIS-IV, K-SCL-95 by clinical psychologist. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0. Results : The results indicated 24.6% of the patients have significantly low level of intellectual functioning. and 10.8% of the patients have borderline level of intellectual functioning, and 26.3% of them were below average. The results of psychological characteristics showed patients have cautious and potentially dangerous level of depression, anxiety, agoraphobia, and suicidal idea. And PTSD subscale's mean score was above problematic level. Next, we divided patients into two groups based on question of whether the patient is eligible to serve in the military service or not arises from recruitment process or army training center. But two group didn't differ significantly. And for further analyses, we also divided patients into two groups based on if they got single psychiatric diagnosis or more than one psychiatric diagnosis. Conclusions : The results indicated that group which has coexisting psychiatric disorders were more depressed, had higher level of anger and aggression, and had more serious levels of suicidal ideas than single psychiatric diagnosis group. The implications and limitations were discussed along with some suggestions for the future studies.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.369-375
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• 2007

Purpose : There have been numerous researches on urine ${\beta}_2$-microglobulin (${\beta}_2$-M) concerned with primary nephrotic syndrome and other glomerular diseases, but not much has been done in relation to pediatric age groups. Thus, our hospital decided to study the relations between the analysis of the test results we have conducted on pediatric patients and renal functions. Methods : Retrospective data analysis was done to 102 patients of ages 0 to 4 with renal diseases with symptoms such as hematuria, edema, and proteinuria who were admitted to Chung-Ang Yongsan Hospital and who participated in 24-hour urine and urine ${\beta}_2$-M excretion test between January of 2003 and January of 2006. Each disease was differentiated as independent variables, and the statistical difference of the results of urine ${\beta}_2$-M excretion of several groups of renal diseases was analyzed with student T-test by using test results as dependent variables. Results : Levels of urine ${\beta}_2$-M excretion of the 102 patients were as follows : 52 had primary nephrotic syndrome [MCNS (n=45, $72{\pm}45{\mu}g/g$ creatinine, ${\mu}g/g-Cr$), MPGN (n=3, $154{\pm}415{\mu}g/g-Cr$), FSGS (n=4, $188{\pm}46{\mu}g/-Cr$], six had APSGN ($93{\pm}404{\mu}g/g-Cr$), seven had IgA nephropathy ($3,414{\pm}106{\mu}g/g-Cr$), 9 had APN ($742{\pm}160{\mu}g/g-Cr$), 16 had cystitis ($179{\pm}168{\mu}g/g-Cr$), and 12 had HSP nephritis ($109{\pm}898{\mu}g/g-Cr$). IgA nephropathy (P<0.05) and APN (P<0.05) were significantly higher than in other renal diseases. Among primary nephrotic syndrome, FSGS with higher results of ${\beta}_2$-microglobulin test had longer treatment period (P<0.01) when compared to the lower groups, but no significant differences in Ccr, BUN, or Cr were observed. Conclusion : IgA nephropathy and APN groups showed significantly higher level of ${\beta}_2$-M excretion value than other groups. Although ${\beta}_2$-microglobulin value is not appropriate as an indicator of general renal function and pathology, it seems to be sufficient in the differential diagnosis of the UTI and in the prediction of the treat-ment period of nephrotic syndrome patients.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.18-29
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• 2012

Purpose: We analyzed how clinical nurses in Korea perceive terminally ill patients' medical decision-making. Methods: The Q-methodology which analyzes the subjectivity of each item was used. We selected 34 Q-statements among those provided by each of 37 subjects and grouped them into a shape of normal distribution using a 9 point scale. The collected data were analyzed using a QUANL PC program. Results: Four types of perception toward medical decision-making were identified. Type I focuses on patient participation, and Type II emphasizes the role of health professionals. Type III is characterized by an open-minded culture toward death, and Type IV values the role of family members. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the need for development of a multi-disciplinary curriculum medical decision-making and death for medical and nursing students.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.3 s.272
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• pp.159-167
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• 2007

Background: Vocabularies originating from Chinese characters constitute an important common factor in the medical terminologies used 3 eastern Asian countries; Korea, China and Japan. This study was performed to comparatively analyze the medical terminologies of these 3 countries in the field of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and; thereby, facilitate further understanding among the 3 medical societies. Material and Method: A total of 129 English terms (core 85 and related 44) in the field of CPB were selected and translated into each country's official terminology, with help from Seoul National University Hospital (Korea), Tokyo Michi Memorial Hospital(Japan), and Yanbian Welfare Hospital and Harbin Children Hospital (China). Dictionaries and CPB textbooks were also cited. In addition to the official terminology used in each country, the frequency of use of English terms in a clinical setting was also analyzed. Result and Conclusion: Among the 129 terms, 28 (21.7%) were identical between the 3 countries, as based on the Chinese characters. 86 terms were identical between only two countries, mostly between Korea and Japan. As a result, the identity rate in CPB terminology between Korea and Japan was 86.8%; whereas, between Korea and China and between Japan and China the rates were both 24.8%. The frequency of use of English terms in clinical practices was much higher in Korea and Japan than in China. Despite some inherent limitations involved in the analysis, this study can be a meaningful foundation in facilitating mutual understanding between the medical societies of these 3 eastern Asian countries.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.471-479
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• 2013

This study is trying to grasp the stress of the male high school students and the correlation between the stress according to the academic and economic level and oral parafunctional habits, emphasizing the need for the education of oral parafunctional habits, providing the basic data in order to accomplish correctly until the oral health of the oral maxillofacial region. From May 2013 till July 2013, a self administered survey was conducted by the selected by convenience sampling from subjects of 1, 2 grade of two high school located in Chungnam, Korea. The study results were as follow: 1) Among five areas of stress, the stress of school life was the highest as 2.11 points and the stress of home problem was the lowest as 1.51 points; 2) the stress by class showed that grade 2 was higher than grade 1 in all areas. The stress of the school life (2.21) (p<0.01), interpersonal relationship (p<0.01), and own problem (p<0.05) showed the significant difference; 3) The significance analysis results between the five areas of stress according to the stress of latent variable and the oral parafunctional habits all showed the significant difference (p<0.001). The correlation between the stress and the oral parafunctional habits showed a weak negative correlation as -0.30, and the stress of the school life, own problem, environment problem, and interpersonal relationship showed very strong correlations more than 0.7; 4) Fit measures test result of stress, academic level, and family economic level model all showed more than 0.9 in good of fit index, adjusted goodness of fit index, normed fit index and root mean square residual and root mean square error of approximation values is all estimated less than 0.1, so it showed good model. From this study, it can be concluded that there is the correlation between stress and oral parafunctional habits.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.645-653
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• 1998

Twenty seven species of pufferfishes (family Tetraoaontidae) have been examined to find their generic characters based on vertebrae and pterygiophore characters of specimens collected in 20 localities along the coast of Korea from March, 1991 to March, 1994. It was divided by 3 groups based on vertebrae number as follow : the genera Lagocephalus, Pleurancanthus, Spheoides, Arothron, Chelonoeon and Canthigaster have 17$\~$19 vertebrae, genera Ephippion, Boesemanichthys and Feroxodon have 20 vertebrae, and genus Takifugu have 19$\~$25 vertebrae, The number of vertebrae ranged from 17 to 25 with the maximum of 25 in Takifugu obscurus. The modal number of vertebrae in Lagocephalus is 17 (L. lunaris), 18 (L. inermis), and 19 (L. gloveri, L. wheeleri, L. larigatus), with the lower number more specialized. Paired neural spines appear at number of the 1st$\~$5th vertebrae in Takifugu pardalis, Takifugu obscurus and at number of the 1 st$\~$4 th vertebrae in the other species and genera. All of the species of Lagocephalus and Pleurancanthus have dorsal and ventral pterygiophores processes, and flat-shaped epural, while none of the abdominal vertebrae processes complete haemal arches. The neural and haemal spines of the last few caudal vertebrae aye shorter in Pleurancanthus than in the other genera, associated with the depressed caudal peduncle. The genus Canthigaster is distinguished the first pterygiophores of the dorsal and ventral fins is always much larger than the others genera. Based on the haemal arches and spines of the abdominal vertebrae, genus Canthigaster has different characters from the other genera of the family Tetraodontidae.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.31 no.1 s.84
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• pp.63-69
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• 2001

Cleft lip and/or palate(CLP) is the most common congenital deformity in the craniofacial region. For a practical public health system for these patients it is necessary to have an understanding on the prevalence of CLP. However, it was difficult to estimate the exact number of CLP patients due to problems in sample selection, higher miscarriage and still birth rate, difficulty in classification, and adoptions to foreign countries. Therefore this study was to estimate the prevalence of CLP and the rate of orthodontic treatment, which is usually necessary in cleft lip and/or palate patients. The samples consisted of 218,322 Korean male adults from Seoul, Kwangju, Taegu and Pusan, all born in 1979. The screening method for recognizing the CLP patients was proceeded in steps and the results are as follows. 1. The prevalence of cleft lip and/or palate in Korean male adults born in 1979 was 0.65 out of the 1000 samples. 2. In the anteroposterior aspect of the 1000 samples, the prevalence of cleft lip, cleft lip and palate, and cleft palate was 0.26, 0.36 and 0.03 respectively. 3. In the transverse aspect of the 1000 samples, the prevalence of left, right and bilateral cleft was 0.35, 0.16, 0.12 respectively. The cleft in the left showed a much higher prevalence than in the rirht, while bilateral cleft showed a lower prevalence than unilateral cleft. 4. The orthodontic treatment rate of Korean male adults among cleft lip and/or palate Patients was $35\%$, and it was in the order of cleft lip and Palate, cleft lip, and cleft Palate, being $67\%,\;29\%\;and\;29\%$ respectively. The orthodontic treatment rate in patients with the more severe cleft lip and palate was higher than in patients solely having cleft lip or cleft palate.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.18 no.3 s.41
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• pp.41-60
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• 2006

The system of teaching culinary practice needs drastic modification to catch up with dietary life and education curriculum changes. To reflect such changes, it is necessary to instill a strong will and interest as well as educational environment improvement in teachers. In this sense, this study researched the teachers' stages of concerns, levels of use, innovation configuration, and intervention demands, based on the CBAM(Concerns Based Adoption Method) developed by Hord et. al. For the survey, 500 questionnaires sent by mail and 187 were analyzed by SPSS/win 10.0 program. The results are summarized as follows. 1) The teachers stages of concerns on culinary practice is assessed to be in the lowest level of perceptual stage, which indicates a state of indifference. 2) In terms of the levels of use, routine use was the highest, followed by refinement use, integrated use, research use, and reinvent use in descending order. Mechanical use posted the lowest level. Even though the stages of concern showed the beginning stage, the Level of use was relatively high. 3) About the innovation configuration, approximately 30% of the teachers were not accomodate the culinary practice referred to the 7th National Education Curriculum. 4) According to the intervention demands on culinary practice education, it was found that teachers generally wanted more interventions in every component. Among the intervention components, the highest demand was on the support for facility. Demand on the financing is the second highest. Teachers in the level of routine use demanded more information and materials supply and individual encouragement, but teachers in the level of preparation needed study opportunity for training on operation skills more.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.535-542
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the state of smoking among adolescents and their smoking-related oral health knowledge. The subjects in this study were the teens who were selected by convenience sampling from among the students who were in their first, second and third years in four different middle schools in the city of Iksan, North Jeolla Province. A self-administered survey was conducted from June 14 to July 12, 2011, and the answer sheets from 1,219 respondents were selected for analysis. The collected data were analyzed by the statistical package 12.0, and the findings of the study were as follows: 1. The smoker students accounted for 10.6 percent. The boys and girls who smoked respectively represented 16.0 and 5.4 percent. 2. As for the period of smoking, the largest group that accounted for 51.6 percent smoked for less than a year. Concerning the amount of daily smoking, the greatest group that accounted for 91.9 percent smoked less than 10 cigarettes. As to the motivation of smoking, the biggest group that represented 52.8 percent started to smoke out of curiosity. 3. Regarding smoking-related oral health knowledge, they got a mean of 0.85. Their scores in knowledge of oral malodor(0.95), oral cavity cancer(0.94) and periodontal diseases(0.93) were above the average, and their scores in knowledge of dental caries(0.70) and blunting of taste(0.77) were below the average. 4. The seventh graders got the best score of 5.28 in smoking-related oral health knowledge(p<0.01), and the students who were more satisfied with their life had a better oral health knowledge(p<0.05). 5. The senior students were more dependent on nicotine(p<0.01), and the number of smoking days(${\beta}=0.407$, p<0.001) and the period of smoking(${\beta}=0.235$, p<0.01) affected their nicotine dependence.