• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.206-215
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• 2005

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were commercially produced as complex mixtures beginning in 1929. The PCBs manufactured commercially are known by a variety of trade names including; Aroclor (USA), Phenoclor (France), Kaneclor (Japan), Sovol (USSR) and so on. PCBs are a class of 209 congeners that were widely used in a wide variety of applications, including dielectric fluid in transformers and large capacitors; heat transfer fluids; hydraulic fluids; lubricating and cutting oils; and as additives in pesticides, paints, adhesives, sealants, and plastics. The quantification methods of peak matching and coefficient comparison were compared using the Aroclor 1242, 1248, 1254, 1260 standards. Also, six transformer oils were analyzed as a main source of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) emission into the environment. The transformer oils contained the pure and mixed of Aroclor 1242, Aroclor 1254, and Aroclor 1260. The analytical results using two quantification methods showed the little difference between the measured results.

• Electric Engineers Magazine
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• s.123
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• pp.10-12
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• 1992

공진청은 최근 전기용품의 기술기준을 일부 개정했다. 이번에 개정된 전기용품의 기술기준은 우리나라가 국제전기인증위원회(IECEE)에 정회원으로 가입됨에 따라 국제간 상호인증을 대비해 기술기준에 국제안전규격을 반영하기 위해서이다. 개정내용을 보면 시험항목에 소형 단상 변압기류의 잡음세기, 충전식인 것을 충전성능시험, 기계적 강도시험, 전동기 내장제품의 시동특성 등을 추가했으며 시험기준에 있어서는 합성수지 성형품의 내열성능시험과 절연저항 시험기준을 강화했다. 또 전기적인 안정성과 무관한 시험항목은 국제규격에도 없기 때문에 삭제했는데, 형광등기구는 열률을, 전기스탠드는 차광$\cdot$조도시험 열률을, 휴대전등은 집광시험 등을 조정했다. 이밖에도 재료에 있어 폴리염화비페닐 사용을 금지시켰다. 품목별 개정세부 내용은 다음과 같다. 시험항목에 추가된 품목 및 기준이 상향조정된 기술기준은 기난 9월 15일부터 적용되고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.206-218
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• 2020

Located mostly inside the megacity of Busan, the Busan Southern Port is a multifunctional port with various nearby industry activities, including a joint fish market, ship repair facilities, and fishing boat facilities. If toxic chemicals generated by the industrial activities continue to flow into and accumulate in the sediment of the port, they can affect aquatic ecosystems and humans. Therefore, in this study, distribution levels and potential influent sources of organic pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and butyltin compounds (BTs), in the sediment were investigated. The sediment samples were collected from eight sampling sites in November 2013 (first phase) and November 2014 (second phase). The mean concentrations of PAHs, PCBs, and BTs in the first and second sampling phages were 4174.0 ng/g-dry wt. and 1919.0 ng/g-dry wt., 166.3 ng/g-dry wt. and 21 ng/g-dry wt., and 50.9 ng/g-dry wt. and 30.8 ng/g-dry wt., respectively. The concentrations of the organic pollutants detected in the seabed sediments were lower in the second phase than in the first phase. In this study, the inflow sources of PAHs, PCBs, and BTs were found to be combustion, land, and municipal sewage or industrial wastewater, respectively.

• Clean Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.118-125
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• 2023

Once a site is contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), serious environmental and human health risks are inevitable. Therefore, innovative but economical in situ remediation technologies must be immediately applied to the contaminated site. Recently, nanoscale zero-valent iron (nano-ZVI) particles have successfully been applied for the dechlorination of various chlorinated organic compounds like TCE, PCE and DDT, and they are considered to be environmentally safe due to the high abundance of iron in the earth's crust. Nano-ZVIs are much more reactive than granular ones, but tend to agglomerate due to their high surface energy and magnetic properties. In order to prevent them from being agglomerated toward larger particles, TiO₂ was used as a support to immobilize the nano-ZVI particles as much as possible. 10wt% ZVI/TiO₂ was prepared by adding NaBH₄ slowly into an FeSO₄/TiO₂ aqueous slurry. In spite of their non-uniformity in size, the nano-ZVI particles were quite successfully dispersed onto the exterior surface of a non-porous TiO₂ powder. The ZVI/TiO₂ was then employed to degrade Aroclor 1242, a kind of PCBs standard, in spiked soil, and its reactivity towards the degradation of Aroclor 1242 was investigated. The fabricated ZVI/TiO₂ degraded Aroclor 1242 in soil quite effectively, but the creation of remaining dechlorinated compounds, possibly high molecular weight hydrocarbons, in the soil was unavoidable.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.757-766
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• 2012

In this study, we have examined concentration distribution and patterns of PCBs in waters, sediments and soils in an agricultural area of South Korea to investigate the relationship between PCBs sources and concentration levels. The concentration of PCBs in water samples were ranged from lower values below detection limit to 8.25 ug/L and the concentration of PCBs in sediment samples were ranged from lower values below detection limit to 76.67 ug/Kg. The concentration of PCBs in soil samples were ranged from lower values below detection limit to 23.51 ug/Kg. These contamination levels were far below the guideline values suggested for environmental quality assessment. The homologue patterns in samples varied from sample to sample, but isomer patterns were very similar with each other. PCB-138 and PCB-153 were predominant congeners in the soil and sediment, which were similar to the results obtained from previous studies. With these results, the assessment of potential sources of PCBs contamination in the sediments of the Nakdong river basin was performed. The principal components were extracted by Principal Component Analysis(PCA). As the result of PCA, it could be expected that PCBs in samples of this study were more affected by PCB products than combustion processes and mostly affected by already-known sources. The PCBs in the soil and sediment samples were related with commercial PCB products.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.143-150
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• 2017

Countercurrent oxidation process (COP) was developed and evaluated for treatment of highly concentrated PCB containing insulating oil. The PCB content in insulating oil taken from Haksanmetal company was found to be 1,512 ppm. The COP utilizes a self-sustained flame which propagates itself in a direction counter to the oxygen flow. The flame removes PCBs adsorbed in activated carbon and, at the same time, regenerates activated carbon. The flame temperature was determined from both mass loss of activated carbon and the relative ratio of CO and $CO_2$ exhausted during COP, and showed that its temperature lied in the range of $650-850^{\circ}C$. Removal efficiency of PCBs was achieved above 99.99% for 5% of insulating oil loaded activated carbon with 1 COP in weight ratio. Also, the same removal efficiency was acquired for 60% of insulating oil loaded activated carbon with three consecutive COP. In addition, specific surface area of activated carbon during COP was recovered to almost similar value of virgin activated carbon. It proved that the COP was much effective in removing high concentration of PCBs in insulating oil easily and affordably.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.802-809
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• 2000

Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCBs) in samples collected from 43 kindss of water, 35 kinds of soil and 11 kinds of sediment in various place of Korea have been monitored using GC/MS/SIM analytical method. In our investigation, mean recoveries were $83.8{\pm}10.4%$ for water, $94.9{\pm}12.2%$ for soil and sediment samples and $80.2{\pm}8.7%$ for the spiked $^{13}C{_{12}}$-PCBs. Detection limits of PCBs for water, soil and sediment samples are 0.01 ng/ml and 0.05 ng/g. PCB congeners in water samples were not detected within quantitation limit, but trace amounts were detected in most of soil and sediment samples. The contamination level of PCBs in Korea was evaluated to be lower than in advanced countries like USA, Europe and Japan.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.469-478
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• 2004

Atmospheric bulk (wet and dry) samples were monthly collected in an urban environment (Daeyeon-dong) of Busan over a year, to assess the deposition flux and seasonality of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DLPCBs) using stainless steel pots. Deposition fluxes of DLPCBs in bulk samples were determined using high resolution gas chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). Particle deposition fluxes in the urban environment varied from 23 to 98 $mg^2$/year (mean 41 $gm^2$/year). DLPCB deposition fluxes in atmospheric bulk samples ranged from 0.09 to 0.77 ng-$TEQ/m^2$/year (mean 0.35 ng-$TEQ/m^2$/year). Seasonal atmospheric deposition fluxes of DLPCBs were high in winter and low in summer. Atmospheric deposition fluxes of particles and DLPCBs in this study were comparable to or slightly lower values than those of different locations in the world. Monthly DLPCB profiles in deposition bulk samples were similar over a year. Non-ortho PCBs were higher contributions to the total DLPCBs fluxes than mono-ortho PCBs. In particular, PCB 126 had the highest concentrartion (>75%) in all deposition samples, followed by PCB 169 and PCB 156. A highly positive correlation was found among the deposition fluxes of DLPCB species, suggesting the possibility of that the DLPCB contamination originated from one source. The deposition fluxes of DLPCBs were not significantly correlated with temperature and the amount of precipitation even though the summer season with the highest temperature and the largest amount of precipitation showed the lowest DLPCB deposition flux.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.352-364
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• 2006

This study was performed to search for useful separation properties and elution orders of three GC columns (DB-1, DB-5MS, SPB-Octyl) for 209 PCBs congeners using M-1668A-0.01X-SET of the AccuStandard Inc.. In addition, to confirm the quantitative peak in peak pattern method, the IUPAC Nos. of PCBs congener peaks were identified with 4 Aroclor standards (Aroclor-1242, 1248, 1254 and 1260). The separation property of dioxin-like PCBs congeners by four columns (DB-1, DB-5MS, SP-2331 and SPB-Octyl) was excellent in SP-2331. DB-1 and SPB-Octyl columns are necessary to use with a column of other types.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.170-176
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the level of PCBs and distribution of PCB congeners in the ambient air of Korea and Japan. The source of PCBs were also studied by a statistical method. The TEQ concentration of PCB in the ambient air of Korea and Japan were between 0.003 and $1.01\;pgTEQ/m^3$(mean value : $0.22\;pgTEQ/m^3$) and between 0.002 and $0.014\;pgTEQ/m^3$ (mean value: $0.007\;pgTEQ/m^3$), respectively. The ambient air of industrial area of Korea showed a fluctuation in PCB concentration than other sampling area. The isomer distribution patterns in the ambient air was more or less similar in all sampling places. In addition, highly chlorinated homologues ($7{\sim}10CB$) were detected in the only Korea industrial area. This observation suggests that there is a possibility of specific source of PCBs in the industrial area. The source identification of PCB in ambient air was performed using multivariate statistical analysis(principal component analysis). As a result, it is estimated that the Korean ambient air was more influenced by combustion process than the ambient air of Japan and also the effect of PCB commercial products was relatively a small.