• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.77-84
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• 2002

In this paper, we had analyzed comsbustion gases using a GASTEC colorimetric gas detector tube according to the method of NES 713 in order to combustion gases toxicity evaluation for beads polystyrene foam, extruded polystyrene foam, rigid polyurethane foam, flexible polyurethane foam, flexible polyvinyl chloride pipe, vinyl floor cover, polyethyelene foam(flame retardant untreated) and polyethyelene foam (flame retardant treated) of plastics material. As results of gas analyses by using this method, comsbustion gases producted from small specimens of plastics material had reached fatal to man at 30 minutes exposure time that had possesed toxicity index of more than 1. Toxicity indexes of each specimen were estimated range of 4.3∼179.2, flexible polyvinyl chloride showed the hightest toxicity index at 179.2, and beads polystyrene foams showed the lowest toxicity index at 4.3.

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.6
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• pp.46-51
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• 1993

최근 대표적인 완충재로 사용되어 오던 EPS(발포폴리스티렌)의 사용이 규제됨에 따라 환경적응형 완충재의 중요성이 더욱 강조되고 있다. 완충재는 수송시 제품에 가해지는 충격을 줄여 제품을 최대한 보호하는 역할을 한다. 일반적으로 사용되고 있는 플라스틱 완충재로는 폴리에틸렌 폼(polyethylene foam), 폴리프로필렌 폼(polypropylene foam), 폴리우레탄 폼(polyuretane)등이 있고 종이를 소재로 한 형태도 있다. 이 글에서는

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.331-338
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• 2023

Modern bulletproof armor must be light and have excellent penetration resistance to ensure the mobility and safety of soldiers and military vehicles. The ballistic performance of heterogeneous structures of laminated flat plates as bulletproof armor depends on the arrangement of constituent materials for the same weight. In this study, we analyze bulletproof performance according to the stacking sequence of laminated bulletproof armor composed of Kevlar, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, and ethylene-vinyl-acetate foam. A ballistic analysis was performed by colliding a 7.62 × 51 mm NATO cartridge's M80 bullet at a speed of 856 m/s with six lamination arrangements with constituent materials thicknesses of 5 mm and 6.5 mm. To evaluate the bulletproof performance, the residual speed and residual energy of the projectile that penetrated the heterogeneous laminated flat plates were measured. Simulation results confirmed that the laminated structure with a stacking sequence of Kevlar, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, and ethylene-vinyl-acetate foam had the best bulletproof performance for the same weight.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.266-268
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• 2011

부표(등부표)는 항로를 표시하거나 항해상의 위험물을 표시하는 중요한 해상교통안전시설이다. 현재 부표(등부표)의 표체가 철재로 되어 있기 때문에 해중 생물에 의한 표체 오손도가 높고, 무거운 표체 중량으로 인하여 설치 이설 보수 등의 어려움이 있다. 또 철재 표체는 선박과의 충돌에 의한 손상이 발생하며 보수 유지에 따른 많은 비용이 소요된다. 이에 이 연구에서는 선박과의 충돌에도 손상이 거의 없고, 가벼워 취급하기 용이하며 아울러 보수유지가 거의 필요 없는 폴리에텔렌폼과 폴리우레탄 소재의 표체의 개발 내용을 제시한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.407-410
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• 2012

부표(등부표)는 항로를 표시하거나 항해상의 위험물을 표시하는 중요한 해상교통안전시설이다. 현재 부표(등부표)의 표체가 철재로 되어 있어 해중생물에 의한 오손, 무게로 인한 설치 이설 보수 등의 어려움이 있다. 무엇보다도 철재 표체에 비하여 선박과의 충돌에 의한 부체의 손상이 발생하지 않으며, 보수유지가 거의 필요 없는 폴리에틸렌폼과 폴리우레탄 소재의 표체의 개발을 제시한다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.76-84
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• 2003

This study was designed to investigate fire characteristics of the plastics insulating materials such as a polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, and polyethylene foam, which is used an insulating materials i3t workplace. The fire characteristics of plastic insulating materials were carried out from the Cone Calorimeter test according to ISO 5660. The experimental materials used were commercial plastic insulating materials by products and their composition is not disclosed by the manufacturer. As the results of this study; the heat release rate of plastic insulating materials was increased with increasing density and heat flux. The peak heat release rate and the average heat release rate for the polyethylene foam in insulating materials were showed the highest, and the peak heat release rate for the polyethylene foam was the highest. The standard of heat release rate with a kind of products and heat flux of irradiance to prevent fire by plastic insulating materials was suggested.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2020

In this study, the heat release rate of pipe insulation is analyzed by considering the installation status in accordance with the standards ISO 20632 and NFPA 274. The flame retardation rate was evaluated for six types of test samples: polyethylene foam covered with beaten silver (PE(S)), PE foam tapped (PE(N)), elastomeric closed cell thermal insulation (rubber), Japanese PE foam (PE(J)), Japanese polyurethane foam (PU(J)), and Japanese styro form (ST(J)) by EN 13501-1 and fire growth curve. The results show that PU(J), PE(J), and PE(N) were Class E and ultra-fast, NFPA 274 test standards for Class D and Fast, and PE(S) by ISO 20632 were Class C and Slow, and Rubber and ST(J) were Classes and Low. However, the changes in the time-averaged maximum heat release rate for each test standard (ISO 20632 and NFPA 274) to evaluate the flame retardation rate differed among identical materials. This means that the fundamental study is necessary to analyze the more accurate reasons.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

Reaction-to-fire performance of pipe insulation materials should be approved in accordance with KS standards prior to installing water-based suppression systems because several fire accidents are initiated from insulation materials around ceilings or concealed space. A small room test to evaluate the reaction-to-fire performance of the polyethylene foam and elastomeric pipe insulation materials was conducted according to ISO 20632. Different fire growth rate and heat release rate are observed depending on the materials and construction methods. In order to improve a fire safety, the reaction-to-fire performance of pipe insulation material needs to be subdivided with regard to the heat release rate and smoke generation. Furthermore, the characteristics of the applying space are also required to be considered. Subsidiary materials for installation process such as tape and adhesive are found to provide an adverse effect to maintain a fire safety.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2020

Synthetic resin formwork is made of lightweight high-density polyethylene(HDPE). This study used a process flow chart that satisfies the system boundary (such as Cradle-to- Product shipmen ) required by ISO FDIS 13352 to evaluate the entire process of synthetic resin foam using. The entire life cycle inventory (LCI) database calculated from input energy sources, materials used, transportation methods, and manufacturing processes at the system boundary was analyzed. Based on the environmental impact assessment index methodology of the Ministry of Environment from the LCI data analysis of synthetic resin formwork, the environmental impact assessment was carried out through classification, normalization, characterization, and weighting process. The experimental results are as follows the amount of CO₂ (carbon) emission considering the number of conversions was about 32% lower than that of the Euroform. This shows that the use of synthetic resin formwork reduces material production by half compared to Euroform and reduces CO₂ (carbon) emissions.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.23-32
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• 2017

Foam block, popularized as the self-interior goods, is susceptible to fire since the main material is the polyethylene flammable synthetic resin. However, it is widely used in homes, offices, and multi-use facilities. In order to understand the fire characteristics of the foam block, two kinds of foam blocks sold in the market (non-fire retardant and fire retardant) were evaluated according to standard of KS F 5660-1 (Reaction to fire test). In addition, the hazard analysis of the gas generated by the combustion of the specimen was performed using the FTIR gas analyzer. The cone calorimeter test showed that the ignition and flame combustion of both two specimens were burned as soon as the radiant heat blocking device was removed, and it was confirmed that the flame could become a rapid propagation factor during the fire. The analysis of the combustion gas through the FTIR gas analyzer showed that both the carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide classified as the common combustion gases and the acrolein, ammonia, and hydrogen cyanide causing serious damage to the human body were detected substantially. This study showed that a foam block product has high ignitionability and generates toxic gases. Hence, it is urgently required to establish the standards used for properly classifying the combustion characteristics of the material on the basis of the use conditions of a foam block product and to prepare the standards on the purpose of use.