• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.234-245
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• 2021

To extend the shelf life of king oyster mushrooms for export, we investigated the impacts of mushroom quality grade, fruiting body trimming, and packaging method (tray container sealed packaging vs string-tied OPP bag packaging). Quality is divided into two grades: 1^st grade, which is mushrooms adapted by lowering the cultivation temperature to 9~11℃, and 2^nd grade, mushrooms held at 13~15℃ prior to harvest. Using selected 1^st and 2^nd grade mushrooms, 3 treatments were carried out to assess effects of trimming and packaging method. Test groups included 1) trimming plus string-tied OPP bag packaging (Cut & OPP), 2) no trimming plus string-tied OPP bag packaging (Uncut & OPP), and 3) trimming plus tray container sealing packaging (Cut & Tray). Gas composition inside the packaging, changes in quality factors, and sensory evaluation for fresh quality were performed over 42 days of 0℃ storage. Overall freshness was best maintained in the following order: Cut & Tray > Cut & OPP > Uncut & OPP for both 1^st and 2^nd grade mushrooms. The shelf-life of 1st grade mushrooms was about 30 days for Cut & Tray, 28 days for Cut & OPP, and 21 days for Uncut & OPP. The shelf-life of 2^nd grade mushrooms was about 22 days for Cut & Tray, 17 ays for Cut & OPP, and 14 days for Uncut & OPP. Factors affecting fresh mushroom quality included browning of cap and stalk, and mushroom decay index. Browning of the lower part of the stalk, with related color change as noted in a^* and b^* values were the main factors indicating quality deterioration of king oyster mushrooms.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.334-340
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• 2003

풋고추의 재배면적은 시설채소 면적이 증가하면서 연중 생산이 가능하게 되어 급속히 증가하고 있으며 신선 채소류에 대한 선호도가 늘어나면서 풋고추의 소비량이 늘어나고 있다. 2001년 현재 고추의 시설재배 면적은 5,517㏊로써 과채류 시설재배면적의 10%를 차지하고 있다. 재배지역별로는 경남, 전남, 광주, 충남지역이 전체 재배면적의 73%를 차지하고 있으며 풋고추는 시설재배로 대부분이 주산단지로 이루어져 있어 선별작업기계화가 요망되고 있다. 이와 같이 풋고추선별에 대한 기계화 요구도가 높은 반면 아직까지 풋고추의 선별작업은 전적으로 인력에 의존하므로 많은 노동력이 소요되며 작업능률이 낮고 육안에 의존하기 때문에 정확한 크기선별이 곤란한 실정이다. 또한 고추의 선별ㆍ포장에 소요되는 작업노력으로 인하여 주산지별로 선택ㆍ포장 작업의 기계화 요구도가 높다. (중략)

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 1991

서양잔디중 난지형 잔디에 속하는 세인트 어거스틴그래스에서 암모늄태 질소와 질산태 질소질 비료의 시비가 브라운팻치 병 발생에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 본 실험이 수행되었다. 포장에서 재배되고 있는 세인트 어거스틴그래스를 작경 10cm의 플러그를 굴취하여 플라스틱 포트에 이식한 후 뿌리의 활착을 위하여 온실내에서 한달간 재배하였고, 50kg N/ha의 성분비율에 맞추어서 균의 접종 1일전에 시비를 하였다. 잔디포장에서 분리한 Rhizoctonia solani균을 agar위에서 배양시킨 후 균이 배양되어 있는 agar block 을 떼어서 태운 perennial ryegrass에 접종시켰다. 감염된 perennial ryegrass를 다시금 세인트 어거스틴그래스위에다 치상시켜서 잔디로의 접종을 꾀하였다. 그 결과 암모늄태 질소비료나 질산태 질소비료 그리고 무시비상태의 잔디에서의 병발생간에는 유의차가 인정되지 않았으나 질산화 억제제를 처리하여 암모늄상태의 질소 성분이 질산태로 전환되는 것을 억제시킨 구에서는 타처리구에 비하여 6~9배의 발생율을 보였다. 따라서 잔디의 시비와 병발생을 연관시켜 볼 때 암모늄태 질소비료 와 질산태 질소비료 공히 큰 차이는 없으나, 다만 질산태로 변한 후의 질소양분의 토양용탈로 인한 소모를 억제시키기 위하여 사용되는 질산화 억제제는 상당량의 암모늄태 질소성분을 상당 기간동안 유지시키기 때문에 브라운팻치 병발생에 영향을 주므로 그 사용시기에 있어서 신중을 기하여야 하겠다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.33-38
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• 1998

In point of flexographic printing on generally corrugated fiberboard cartons, the precision of film master and the adequate compression rate are very important factor in bar-code printing. Also, the complete system including scanner is essential for the purpose of enhancing the reading rate. The film master had good precision when the film was prepared by means of printing/developing machine after transformation of input bar-code number through transceiver, and the BWR 100 showed better compression rate than BWR 200. Also considering the bar-code reading, the complete system targeting the reading rate above 99.8% could be configured by Omni-Directional Scanner type accomplishing the reading rate above 99.5%.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.174-179
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• 1991

Patterns of ginseng damage by larvae of Holotrichia diomphalia Bates in spring were investigated in 3rd year ginseng fields from 1986 to 1990. Ginseng damages were more serious in outer areas than inner areas of ginseng fields, which seemed to be due to nocturnal migration behavior of adult females. Damaged parts of 3rd year ginseng plants due to 3rd instar larvae were top, middle, bottom or whole of main roots, and rarely underground stems. Mean inhabitation depth of 3rd instar larvae were 3.2cm, 5.6cm, 6.6cm and 4.9cm in 1st, 2nd and 3rd year ginseng fields and mugwort fields, respectively. Larval feeding damage of ginseng in spring oc¬curred mainly from mid-May to early July and appeared to decrease temporarily when rainfalls increased.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.208-209
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• 2010

Downy mildew commonly occurred in six of seven locations investigated in Korea during disease survey performed in 2007 and 2008. This report provides screened results on resistance of Korean varieties of rape to downy mildew in the field.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.296-305
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• 2006

The adsorption and persistence of pencycuron {1-(4-chlorobenzyl) cyclopentyl-3-phenylurea} in soils were investigated under laboratory and field conditions to in order to assess the safety use and environmental impact. In the adsorption rate experiments, a significant power function of relation was found between the adsorbed amount of pencycuron and the shaking time. Within one hour following the shaking, the adsorption amounts in the SCL and the SiCL were 60 and 65% of the maximum adsorption amounts, respectively. The adsorption reached a quasi-equilibrium 12 hours after shaking. The adsorption isotherms followed the Freundlich equation. The coefficient (1/n) indicating adsorption strength and degree of nonlinearity was 1.45 for SCL and 1.68 to SiCL. The adsorption coefficients ($K_d$) were 2.31 for SCL and 2.92 to SiCL, and the organic carbon partition coefficient, $K_{oc}$, was 292.9 in SCL and 200.5 inSiCL. In the laboratory study, the degradation rate of pencycuron in soils followed a first-order kinetic model. The degradation rate was greatly affected by soil temperature. As soil incubation temperature was increased from 12 to $28^{\circ}C$, the residual half life was decreased from 95 to 20 days. Arrhenius activation energy was 57.8 kJ $mol^{-1}$. Furthermore, the soil moisture content affected the degradation rate. The half life in soil with 30 to 70% of field moisture capacity was ranged from 21 to 38 days. The moisture dependence coefficient, B value in the empirical equation was 0.65. In field experiments, the half-life were 26 and 23 days, respectively. The duration for period of 90% degradation was 57 days. The difference between SCL and SiCL soils varied to pencycuron degradation rates were very limited, particularly under the field conditions, even though the characteristics of both soils are varied.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.1203-1210
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• 2012

As the area of upland crops increase, it is become more important for farmers to understand status of soil water at their own fields due to key role of proper irrigation. In order to estimate daily water balance and soil water content with simple weather data and irrigation records, we have developed the model for estimating water balance and soil water content, called AFKAE0.5, and verified its simulated results comparing with daily change of soil water content observed by soil profile moisture sensors. AFKAE0.5 has two hypothesis before establishing its system. The first is the soil in the model has 300 mm in depth with soil texture. And the second is to simplify water movement between the subjected soil and beneath soil dividing 3 categories which is defined by soil water potential. AFKAE0.5 characterized with determining the amount of upward and downward water between the subjected soil and beneath soil. As a result of simulation of AFKAE0.5 at Gongju region with red pepper cultivation in 2005, the water balance with input minus output is recorded as - 88 mm. the amount of input water as precipitation, irrigation, and upward water is annually 1,043, 0, and 207 mm, on the other, output as evapotranspiration, run-off, and percolation is 831, 309, and 161 mm, respectively.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.6 no.3 s.21
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• pp.1-7
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• 2004

Roads, like bikeways, parkways and walks, are to be just capable of supporting light traffic and traveling public, but they are required to be human friendly and environmental-oriented. Lately soil-solidifier mixture, a kind of soil-cement, has developed and has been applied to the recycling and environment-oriented pavement as the surfacing material. Soil-solidifier pavement structure has been designed by only experience. To design this pavement mechanically, it is necessary to find out basic engineering properties of soil-solidifier mixture. This study focuses on finding out mechanical characteristics of the mixture according to mixture proportions and aging. Test molds with various mixture proportions are made, and then unconfined strength tests are performed for test molds with aging of the mixture. As the result of this study, it is found that the strength of the mixture increases with amount of cement and that maximum strength is achieved at 6%$\sim$8% of the ratio of solidifier and water. The strength increase rapidly until 14 days, after then slowly. After 28 days the strength of the mixture approaches to the constant value. The heat of hydration during curing of the mixture is measured no significantly. It also shows that temperature characteristics of the mixture is similar to that of soil. Since this mixture is mixed with soil and is able to improve engineering problems in pavement due to temperature, this mixture is expected to use effectively in the environment-oriented pavement for light traffic.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.27
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• pp.7-11
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• 2009

Persimmon occupied the second largest cultivation area next to apple among the fruits in Korea. Since 70 % of its cultivating field is located at slope, the efficiency of its harvesting operation is very low. Also, the traditional high-ground trimmer show very low efficiency due to its structure problem.. In this paper, a high-ground trimmer which is a persimmon cultivator was developed by solving the problem of a traditional high ground trimmer. The results of the research are summarized as follows : 1. In case of the developed hydraulic type high ground trimmer, the required average lever tension is 2.9 N. 2. However, the required average tension force of the existing spring type is 25.5 N, which was 8.7 times greater than developed hydraulic lever type trimmer in this study.