• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.742-757
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• 2001

Since database management systems(DBMSS) have limited lock resources, transactions requesting locks beyond the limit mutt be aborted. In the worst carte, if such transactions are aborted repeatedly, the DBMS can become paralyzed, i.e., transaction execute but cannot commit. Lock escalation is considered a solution to this problem. However, existing lock escalation methods do not provide a complete solution. In this paper, we prognose a new lock escalation method, adaptive lock escalation, that selves most of the problems. First, we propose a general model for lock escalation and present the concept of the unescalatable look, which is the major cause making the transactions to abort. Second, we propose the notions of semi lock escalation, lock blocking, and selective relief as the mechanisms to control the number of unescalatable locks. We then propose the adaptive lock escalation method using these notions. Adaptive lock escalation reduces needless aborts and guarantees that the DBMS is not paralyzed under excessive lock requests. It also allows graceful degradation of performance under those circumstances. Third, through extensive simulation, we show that adaptive lock escalation outperforms existing lock escalation methods. The results show that, compared to the existing methods, adaptive lock escalation reduces the number of aborts and the average response time, and increases the throughput to a great extent. Especially, it is shown that the number of concurrent transactions can be increased more than 16 ~256 fold. The contribution of this paper is significant in that it has formally analysed the role of lock escalation in lock resource management and identified the detailed underlying mechanisms. Existing lock escalation methods rely on users or system administrator to handle the problems of excessive lock requests. In contrast, adaptive lock escalation releases the users of this responsibility by providing graceful degradation and preventing system paralysis through automatic control of unescalatable locks Thus adaptive lock escalation can contribute to developing self-tuning: DBMSS that draw a lot of attention these days.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.1166-1171
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the effect of silk protein hydrolysates on blood glucose in diabetic mice (C57BL/KsJ db/db). The silk protein hydrolysates hydrolyzed by protease contains 87.52% of peptides of which molecular weight was below 2,000 dalton. The content of free amino acids was 14.80 g/100 g silk protein hydrolysates and major free amino acids were Pro, Thr, Arg and Ala. Silk protein hydrolysates were administered to the animals for 9 weeks at doses of 0.2, 0.5% and 0.8% solution. The body weight increase in the 0.5 and 0.8% fed groups were higher than control group. Food and water intake in the silk protein hydrolysates fed groups were lower than control group. The weight of liver was not different among groups, while the weight of kidney in control group was higher than silk protein hydrolysates fed groups. The blood glucose level in silk protein hydrolysates fed groups was lower than control group. In the glucose tolerance test, the blood glucose level in control group was the highest at 15 minutes after glucose injection while those in silk protein hydrolysates fed groups were the highest at 30 minutes. Results in this study suggest that silk protein hydrolysates show hypoglycemic effect in C57BL/KsJ db/db mice.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.41-52
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• 2010

This study was conducted to estimate genetic parameters for growth traits using multivariate animal models in Yorkshire breed. For the study, 16,202 records for growth traits collected between the year 1999 and 2005 from Yorkshire pigs in K GGP were used. The effects of environmental factors such as sex, birth year, birth season, parity and birth weight group affected growth traits significantly (p<0.01). Birth weight tended to be positively correlated with average daily gain (ADG) and lean percent. But it seemed to affect age at 90 kg, average adjusted backfat thickness (BF), and eye muscle ares (EMA) negatively. For average pig suckling weight (ASW) and total weight at suckling (TWS), the higher birth weight is the better performance. But, in case of total number of born and number of suckling, the result was shown vice versa. Approximately 10~30% lower heritability estimates were obtained for growth traits by using the model that includes descriptions of common litter effects (CL) than by using the model that ignores those (NCL) for more accurate estimation of heritability. The estimates of heritabilities were 0.468, and 0.328 for ADG, 0.474 and 0.326 for age at 90 kg, 0.452, and 0.396 for BF, 0.240 and 0.200 for EMA and, 0.458, and 0.380 for lean percent in NCL and CL, respectively. Therefore, in order to estimate optimal genetic parameters, it could be inferred that the statistical model which considers litter effects must be applied.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.157-167
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• 2021

Lead (Pb) is one of the key trace elements, exhibiting a peculiar partitioning behavior into silicate melts in contact with minerals. Partitioning behaviors of Pb between silicate mineral and melt have been known to depend on melt composition and thus, the atomic structures of corresponding silicate liquids. Despite the importance, detailed structural studies of Pb-bearing silicate melts are still lacking due to experimental difficulties. Here, we explored the effect of lead content on the atomic structures, particularly the evolution of silicate networks in Pb-bearing sodium metasilicate ([(PbO)_x(Na₂O)_1-x]·SiO₂) glasses as a model system for trace metal bearing natural silicate melts, using ²⁹Si solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. As the PbO content increases, the ²⁹Si peak widths increase, and the maximum peak positions shift from -76.2, -77.8, -80.3, -81.5, -84.6, to -87.7 ppm with increasing PbO contents of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.67, 0.86, and 1, respectively. The ²⁹Si MAS NMR spectra for the glasses were simulated with Gaussian functions for Qⁿ species (SiO₄ tetrahedra with n BOs) for providing quantitative resolution. The simulation results reveal the evolution of each Qⁿ species with varying PbO content. Na-endmember Na₂SiO₃ glass consists of predominant Q² species together with equal proportions of Q¹ and Q³. As Pb replaces Na, the fraction of Q² species tends to decrease, while those for Q¹ and Q³ species increase indicating an increase in disproportionation among Qⁿ species. Simulation results on the ²⁹Si NMR spectrum showed increases in structural disorder and chemical disorder as evidenced by an increase in disproportionation factor with an increase in average cation field strengths of the network modifying cations. Changes in the topological and configurational disorder of the model silicate melt by Pb imply an intrinsic origin of macroscopic properties such as element partitioning behavior.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the needs of middle school students for the practical reasoning in a distance learning environment, to verify the needs differences based on the learner's personal characteristics, student-teacher interaction, and student-student interaction, and to investigate the relationships among student-teacher interaction, voluntary participation of students, and the students' perception of the extent to which practical reasoning is implemented in distance learning. For this purpose, 1,842 middle school students from seven schools in Gyeonggi, Daejeon, Chungbuk, and Sejong areas were surveyed online to investigate the importance of the practical reasoning questions and the how much practical reasoning is implemented in current distance learning. Among them, 1,095 responses were used for final analysis and descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and path analysis were conducted. As a result of the study, first, middle school students acknowledged that the practical reasoning was important with the importance average 3.76. Based on the locus for focus model, the priorities of the needs in home economics class were examined, and the values and importance of the problem, and the ramification of the solution were considered to be of high priority. Second, characteristics of middle school students, student-teacher interaction and student-student interaction were found to have positive influence on needs for practical reasoning, while no difference were found by gender or voluntary participation in distance learning. Third, the voluntary participation of students and the student-teacher interaction in distance learning had a positive (+) significant effect on perceived implementation of practical reasoning, yet negative (-) significant effect on needs for practical reasoning.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.90-104
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• 2019

In this study, CALPUFF modeling was performed, using a real surface and upper air meterological data to predict trustworthy modeling-results. Pollutant-releases from windscreen chambers of enclosed poultry farms, P1 and P2, and from a open poultry farm, P3, and their diffusing behavior were modeled by CALPUFF modeling with volume sources as well as by finally-adjusted CALPUFF modeling where a linear velocity of upward-exit gas averaged with the weight of each directional-emitting area was applied as a model-linear velocity ($u^M_y$) at a stack, with point sources. In addition, based upon the scenario of poultry farm-releasing odor and particulate matter (PM) removal efficiencies of 0, 20, 50 and 80% or their corresponding emission rates of 100, 80, 50 and 20%, respectively, CALPUFF modeling was performed and concentrations of odor and PM were predicted at the region as a discrete receptor where civil complaints had been frequently filed. The predicted concentrations of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10}$ were compared with those required to meet according to the offensive odor control law or the atmospheric environmental law. Subsequently their required removal efficiencies at poultry farms of P1, P2 and P3 were estimated. As a result, a priori assumption that pollutant concentrations at their discrete receptors are reduced by the same fraction as pollutant concentrations at P1, P2 and P3 as volume source or point source, were controlled and reduced, was proven applicable in this study. In case of volume source-adopted CALPUFF modeling, its required removal efficiencies of P1 compared with those of point source-adopted CALPUFF modeling, were predicted similar each other. However, In case of volume source-adopted CALPUFF modeling, its required removal efficiencies of both ammonia and $PM_{10}$ at not only P2 but also P3 were predicted higher than those of point source-adopted CALPUFF modeling. Nonetheless, the volume source-adopted CALPUFF modeling was preferred as a safe approach to resolve civil complaints. Accordingly, the required degrees of pollution prevention against ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10}$ at P1 and P2, were estimated in a proper manner.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.33-49
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• 2018

The impact of TV Drama success on TV Rating and the channel promotion effectiveness is very high. The cultural and business impact has been also demonstrated through the Korean Wave. Therefore, the early prediction of the blockbuster success of TV Drama is very important from the strategic perspective of the media industry. Previous studies have tried to predict the audience ratings and success of drama based on various methods. However, most of the studies have made simple predictions using intuitive methods such as the main actor and time zone. These studies have limitations in predicting. In this study, we propose a model for predicting the popularity of drama by analyzing the customer's viewing pattern based on various theories. This is not only a theoretical contribution but also has a contribution from the practical point of view that can be used in actual broadcasting companies. In this study, we collected data of 280 TV mini-series dramas, broadcasted over the terrestrial channels for 10 years from 2003 to 2012. From the data, we selected the most highly ranked and the least highly ranked 45 TV drama and analyzed the viewing patterns of them by 11-step. The various assumptions and conditions for modeling are based on existing studies, or by the opinions of actual broadcasters and by data mining techniques. Then, we developed a prediction model by measuring the viewing-time distance (difference) using Euclidean and Correlation method, which is termed in our study similarity (the sum of distance). Through the similarity measure, we predicted the success of dramas from the viewer's initial viewing-time pattern distribution using 1~5 episodes. In order to confirm that the model is shaken according to the measurement method, various distance measurement methods were applied and the model was checked for its dryness. And when the model was established, we could make a more predictive model using a grid search. Furthermore, we classified the viewers who had watched TV drama more than 70% of the total airtime as the "passionate viewer" when a new drama is broadcasted. Then we compared the drama's passionate viewer percentage the most highly ranked and the least highly ranked dramas. So that we can determine the possibility of blockbuster TV mini-series. We find that the initial viewing-time pattern is the key factor for the prediction of blockbuster dramas. From our model, block-buster dramas were correctly classified with the 75.47% accuracy with the initial viewing-time pattern analysis. This paper shows high prediction rate while suggesting audience rating method different from existing ones. Currently, broadcasters rely heavily on some famous actors called so-called star systems, so they are in more severe competition than ever due to rising production costs of broadcasting programs, long-term recession, aggressive investment in comprehensive programming channels and large corporations. Everyone is in a financially difficult situation. The basic revenue model of these broadcasters is advertising, and the execution of advertising is based on audience rating as a basic index. In the drama, there is uncertainty in the drama market that it is difficult to forecast the demand due to the nature of the commodity, while the drama market has a high financial contribution in the success of various contents of the broadcasting company. Therefore, to minimize the risk of failure. Thus, by analyzing the distribution of the first-time viewing time, it can be a practical help to establish a response strategy (organization/ marketing/story change, etc.) of the related company. Also, in this paper, we found that the behavior of the audience is crucial to the success of the program. In this paper, we define TV viewing as a measure of how enthusiastically watching TV is watched. We can predict the success of the program successfully by calculating the loyalty of the customer with the hot blood. This way of calculating loyalty can also be used to calculate loyalty to various platforms. It can also be used for marketing programs such as highlights, script previews, making movies, characters, games, and other marketing projects.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.387-399
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• 2019

This research aimed to prepare the classification of the damage types and the damage rating system of noise barriers for expressway noise barriers and to develop deterioration evaluation method of noise barriers by reflecting them. The noise barrier consists of soundproof panels, foundations and posts and the soundproof panels with 10 different types of materials are used in a single or mixed form.In this paper, damage of soundproof panel shows a single or composite damage, and thus a evaluation model of deterioration has been developed for noise barriers that can reflect the characteristic of noise barriers. Materials used mainly for soundproof walls were divided into material types for metal, plastic, timber, transparent and concrete. And damage types for noise barrier were classified into corrosion, discoloration, deformation, spalling and dislocation and damage types were subdivided according to the noise barrier's components and materials. Damage rating was divided into good, minor, normal and severe for each major part of noise barrier to assess damage rating of soundproof panel, foundation and post. The deterioration degree of noise barrier was evaluated comprehensively by using the deterioration evaluation method of whole noise barrier using weighted average. Deterioration evaluation method that can be systematically assessed has been developed for noise barrier using single or mixed soundproof panel and noise barrier with single or complex damage types. Through such an evaluation system, it is deemed that the deterioration status of noise barrier installed can be systematically understood and utilized for efficient maintenance planning and implementation for repair and improvement of noise barriers.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.165-171
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• 2019

Marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) is useful for selecting an offspring with a highly recovered genetic background for a recurrent parent at early generation to various crops. Moreover, marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) along with marker-assisted selection (MAS) contributes immensely to overcome the main limitation of the conventional breeding and it accelerates recurrent parent genome (RPG) recovery. In this study, we were employed to incorporate rin gene(s) from the donor parent T13-1084, into the genetic background of HK13-1151, a popular high-yielding tomato elite inbred line that is a pink color fruit, in order to develop a rin HK13-1084 improved line. The recurrent parent genome recovery was analyzed in early generations of backcrossing using SNP markers obtained from genotyping-by-sequencing analysis. From the $BC_1F_1$ and $BC_2F_1$ plants, 3,086 and 4868 polymorphic SNP markers were obtained via GBS analysis, respectively. These markers were present in all twelve chromosomes. The background analysis revealed that the extent of RPG recovery ranged from 56.7% to 84.5% and from 87.8% to 97.8% in $BC_1F_1$ and $BC_2F_1$ generations, respectively. In this study, No 5-1 with 97.8% RPG recovery rate among $BC_2F_1$ plants was similar to HK13-1151 strain in the fruit shape. Therefore, the selected plants were fixed in $BC_2F_2$ generation through selfing. MAS allowed identification of the plants that are more similar to the recurrent parent for the loci evaluated in the backcross generations. MABC can greatly reduce breeding time as compared to the conventional backcross breeding. For instance, MABC approach greatly shortened breeding time in tomato.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.13-34
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• 2022

Soil moisture data have been collected at 11 agrometeorological stations operated by The Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). This study aimed to verify the accuracy of soil moisture data of KMA and develop a correction formula to be applied to improve their quality. The soil of the observation field was sampled to analyze its physical properties that affect soil water content. Soil texture was classified to be sandy loam and loamy sand at most sites. The bulk density of the soil samples was about 1.5 g/cm³ on average. The content of silt and clay was also closely related to bulk density and water holding capacity. The EnviroSCAN model, which was used as a reference sensor, was calibrated using the self-manufactured "reference soil moisture observation system". Comparison between the calibrated reference sensor and the field sensor of KMA was conducted at least three times at each of the 11 sites. Overall, the trend of fluctuations over time in the measured values of the two sensors appeared similar. Still, there were sites where the latter had relatively lower soil moisture values than the former. A linear correction formula was derived for each site and depth using the range and average of the observed data for the given period. This correction formula resulted in an improvement in agreement between sensor values at the Suwon site. In addition, the detailed approach was developed to estimate the correction value for the period in which a correction formula was not calculated. In summary, the correction of soil moisture data at a regular time interval, e.g., twice a year, would be recommended for all observation sites to improve the quality of soil moisture observation data.