• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.92-97
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• 2001

This experiment was conducted to find out optimum substrate and concentration of nutrient solution for mass production of sweet basil by pot culture. Growth depending on concentration of nutrient solution was different to some extent; the growth of plants was usually better in one-fold and two-fold concentration of nutrient solution but three-fold one was poor. Plants grown in cocopeat showed better growth, but peatmoss gave an adverse effect. Sweet basil grown in substrate mixed with cocopeat and perlite (1:1, v:v) was highest in essential oil content. After all, cultural practice by one-fold concentration of herb nutrient solution in substrate mixed with cocopeat and perlite (1:1, v:v) was recommended for better growth and higher essential oil content of sweet basil.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.80-85
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• 1997

This study was conducted to select useful medium material as a replacement for the rockwool in long term bag-culture of sweet pepper. The sole use of perlite and carbonized rice hull(CRH) as well as their mixture with various combinations were compared to the rockwool. The results are summarized as the followings : 1. Plant height and number of leaves did not significantly differ among media. However, in the mixture of CRH(1) : Perlite(1), stem diameter was thicker; plant weight and root weight were heavier, and T/R ratio was lower. 2. Although fruit length and number of fruits did not significantly differ among media, the mixture of CRH(1) : Perlite(1) provided longer fruit length, more fruits, heavier fruit weight, and greater yield. 3. Monthly yield was continuously increased from the first harvest in November to the harvest in May next year. The amount of increase in the fruit yield of the mixture of CRH(1) : Perlite(1) from the first harvest to the final harvest was significantly greater than the amount of increase of other media. 4. The amount of total nitrogen and phosphate was higher in mixture of CRH (1) : Perlite(1), while the amount of other elements did not significantly differ among mixtures.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 2003

The effect of the particle size of perlite and irrigation amount on the growth, root activity and mineral competition of tomato was investigated in a recycling system. The particle sizes used were small (SPP, øl∼2 mm), medium (MPP, ø2∼3 mm), (LPP. ø4∼5 mm). Plant height, fresh weight and dry weight of tomato at the earlier growth stage were good at 3.0 L/day in MPP and LPP, but these were not significantly affected by irrigation amount in MPP, Fruit number, weight and yield increased at 1.5 L/day in SPP and 3.0 L/day at MPP or LPP, Deformed fruits tended to increase at higher irrigation amounts regardless of particle size. Root activity increased with increasing particle size with higher irrigation amount during early stage after transplanting, but remarkably decreased at 3.0 L/day in SPP as compared with the others at 100 days. Mineral contents of plants after harvest were higher at MPP and LPP than SPP, but were highest at 3.0 L/day in LPP. In conclusion, it was regarded that tomato growth in a recycling system was optimal at MPP or LPP with irrigation amount of B.0 L/day.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.144-150
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• 1998

It was studied about the effects of irrigation schedules by integrated solar radiation on fruit sweetness of cherry tomato in perlite and polyurethane(PUR) culture. In PUR culture. the brix % was decreased with frequent irrigation and their differences were increased as high as the cluster. The brix % in PUR culture was higher than in perlite culture and their differences were large in proportion as the Plant grew when the Percentage of drainage was 25%. The a＊ value, expressing red color. was not affected by irrigation schedules when the medium was PUR. On the other hand, the value of a＊ in PUR was higher than that in perlite. and its tendency was large as high as the cluster. The fresh weight of fruit was higher in perlite culture than in PUR culture. From this study it Is recommended that the percentage of drainage is maintained to 25% in PUR culture in view of Productivity and quality of fruits.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.292-299
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• 2022

This study was conducted to analyze physical and chemical properties of horticultural substrates and response of hydroponically grown two cultivars of 'Namcheon' and 'Somirang' perilla by four different substrates: coir (chip:dust = 5:5), perlite, granular rockwool, and commercial mixed substrate (cocopeat:peatmoss:vermiculite:perlite: zeolite = 50:25:10:10:5). There were no significant differences in EC and pH according to substrates. Container capacity was the greatest in granular rockwool, and it showed appropriate levels in mixed substrate and coir. Air space was higher in coir and perlite than the other treatments. Bulky density reached a proper standard in all substrates excepting coir. The leaf length and width of 'Namcheon' indicated the most in mixed substrate, though the value of 'Somirang'was greatest in coir substrate. The leaf weight of both cultivars was highest in mixed substrate, and relatively low in coir and perlite. The total yield of leaves was separated by two groups: higher group, which are mixed substrate and granular rockwool, and lower group, which are coir and perlite. There was a large gap by 28% between these two groups. Therefore, this study suggests that substrates with high water holding capacity such as mixed substrate or granular rockwool are most suitable for the hydroponic cultivation of perilla, which require sufficient moisture supply to the root zone.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.341-351
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• 2019

Gynura procumbens (Family Asteraceae) is a medicinal plant commonly found in tropical Asia countries such as China, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Vietnam. Traditionally, it is widely used in many different countries for the treatment of a wide variety of health ailments such as kidney discomfort, rheumatism, diabetes mellitus, constipation, and hypertension. The objective of this study was to select the natural growth media for hydroponic cultivation of Gynura procumbens. The commercially available thirty four different organic nutrient solutions were analyzed for growing Gynura procumbens. After analysis, two organic nutrient solution were selected, mixed (pH 5.5~6.5 / EC 0.5~1.0 ds/m) and then used as organic fertilizers. Thirty day old seedlings were planted and the environmental conditions of the rhizosphere were also examined to select the natural media composition. The minimum temperature of rhizosphere by type of natural media was highest in cocopeat media and lowest in perlite media. Furthermore, plant growth was examined from 50 days old seedlings, and vermiculite was observed to be most effective and perlite was the least effective component as natural media. The total polyphenol content of the studied plant material was also higher in vermiculite in comparison to other growth media. The Gynura procumbens yields were also higher in vermiculite in comparison to other growth media. Thus, vermiculite can be used to improve Gynura procumbens plant growth as a natural growth media.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.151-158
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• 1998

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of substrates and nutrient solution supplying methods in the media culture using perlite and its mixtures with rice hull, carbonized rice hull. cocopeat on the growth and fruit qualify of hydroponically grown cucumber. Three substrates. Perlite(70%) +rice hull(30%) perlite(70%) +carbonized rice hull(30%) and perlite(70%)＋cocopeat(30%) were compared with perlite medium. Supplying methods of nutrient solution were composed of drip irrigation, modified drip irrigation(covered with cheesecloth between drip hose and substrate) and mist system Leaf area of cucumber Plants was lowest in perlite medium while it was highest in mixture of perlite and cocopeat. NAR was higher in the plot of mixture with cocopeat. and same trend was observed in LAI and CGR. T/R ratio was higher in Perlite and perlite mixture with rice hull. Fruit Yields increased in the plot of modified drip irrigation system. When perlite mixture with rice hull used as a substrate. mist system was recommended. Perlite mixture with carbonized rice hull was observed favored in conventional drip irrigation system. Marketable yield and the number of fruit per plant increased and the malformed fruit decreased in the plot of modified drip irrigation system with the mixtures of Perlite and cocopeat.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of several substrates and ratio of NO3--N to NH4--N in nutrient solution on growth, yield and mineral uptake of sweet pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) in bag culture. The content of minerals such as P, K, Ca and Mg showed difference in concentration among media: P and Mg were the highest in vermiculite in vermiculti+rice hull, K in perlite+vermiculite and Ca in perlite+peatmoss; with the lowest in the single perlite medium respectively, Ca of mineral made fairly higest level in concentration compared with the others in all of the media. The concentration of mineral content was lower in the ratio of 8:2 than that of 10:0. Admitting that the pH made difference depending on the kind of substrates and ratios of NO3--N to NH4--N. The pH of 10:0 ratio in all the substrates was higher and more stable than that of 8:2. The range of EC in all the substrates showed from 1.78ds·m-1 to 2.10 ds·m-1, which was optimum range for growth of sweet pepper, and range of EC is larger in 8:2 ratio than that in 10:0 ratio. Plant height and stem diameter were nothing to do with the kind of substrates, but leaf area was the largest at vermiculite+rice hull of the 8:2 ratio, fresh and dry weights were heavier at peatmoss+carbonized rice hull, but were the lightest at perlite. All indexes related to the growth which had something to do with the kind of substrates higher in 8:2 ratio than those in 10:0 ratio. The number of fruit and fresh weight related to the ratio of the 8:2 were the highest as 17.5 at vermiculite+rice hull with 1,588g of fresh weight, while the yield from perlite was the lowest. The number of fruit was the highest as 16.4 at virmiculite+rice hull, yield was the higest as 1,394a at perlite+ peatmoss. The yield of 8:2 ratio at all substrates was higher than that of 10:0 ratio. Of the mineral content related to the plant part, K+ and Mg2+ were higher in concentration at leaf; Ca2+ were higher at root; PO4- was higher at stem and fruit; The content of mineral showed no difference between the ratio of the 8:2 and the ratio of the 10:0 with no regrading to the difference of mineral content among substrates; and K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ uptake of sweet pepper were higher at 10:0 ratio than that of 8:2; 2while PO4- uptake of sweet pepper was lower at 10:0 ratio than that of 8:2 ratio.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.168-175
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• 1997

In greenhouse, data on evapotranspiration or water consumption is important for the rational water management, irrigation planning, thermal environment analysis, and watering automation. But little investigations have been attempted to make clear the characteristics of water consumption in greenhouse. In this paper, evapotransplrations of lettuce and cucumber by cropping systems were investigated. And the correlations among evapotranspiration, pan evaporation, solar radiation, mean air temperature, and minimum relative humidity were analyzed. Experimental cropping systems of lettuce were soil culture and NFT system. Those of cucumber were soil culture, perlite culture, and rockwool culture. Total water consumption of lettuce was 2.62$\ell$/plant in soil culture and 1.71$\ell$/plant in NFT system. That of cucumber was 45.22$\ell$/plant in soil culture, 27.45$\ell$/plant in rockwool culture and 29.06$\ell$/plant in perlite culture. Therefore total water consumption of soil culture showed higher than soilless culture.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.160-165
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of several substrates; used rockwool, several spent mushroom composts, and common used media, such as rockwool and vermiculite, on growth and fruit quality of cucumber. Cucumber grew dramatically in the rockwool+peatmoss (1:2 v/v) (RP) and fine granular rockwool in hydroponic system using Yamaztiki's solution for cucumbers. The yield of cucumber fruit was highest in recycled winter mushroom compost (RW), and followed by 100% perlite (Par), recycled oyster mushroom compost (RO), and RR but there was no significant difference among these three media. Soluble solid and firmness were higher in Per and vermiculite (Ver), and any difference was not found among the others. Vitamin C was not influenced by kind of substrate. The results confirm that several reused or recycled substrates have high possibilities for use as medium for hydroponic culture in cucumber.