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An Empirical Study on Verifying the Estimated Discrimination and Parentage Test Powers of the 13 Traceability Microsatellite Markers for Commercial Pigs Produced by a Three-way Cross (3원교잡 비육돈 집단에 대한 이력추적용 13 Microsatellite Marker의 판별효율 및 혈연관계 추정효율 실증 연구)

  • Lim, Hyun-Tae;Kim, Byeong-Woo;Cho, In-Cheol;Yoo, Chae-Kyoung;Park, Moon-Sung;Park, Hee-Bok;Lee, Jae-Bong;Lee, Jung-Gyu;Jeon, Jin-Tae
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.53 no.1
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    • pp.29-34
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    • 2011
  • Using the materials collected from nine farms in a three-way cross system to produce commercial pigs produced from F1 sows (Landrace × Large White) × Duroc, the power of individual discrimination and parentage of the 13 microsatellite (MS) marker set that has been suggested for individual/brand identification (traceability) was empirically tested. Initially, genotypes of the parental population (F1 sows and Duroc), and commercial pigs were determined and the genotype frequency and polymorphic index were estimated using the Cervus 2.0 program. The probability of identity among genotypes of random individuals, that random half sibs and that of full sib individuals, based on the genotypes from 91 F1 sows and Duroc were expected to be 4.94×1034, 8.16×1023 and 2.01×1008, respectively, using the API-CALC version 1.0 program. When commercial pigs were included, the estimates increased to 3.74×1035, 5.48×1025 and 2.96×1011, respectively. For the empirical verification of the estimated powers of individual discrimination and parentage, the parentage test was performed for 452 commercial pigs using PAPA version 2.0, and individuals with the same genotype were investigated using the Cervus version 2.0 program. Parents for all commercial pigs were successfully estimated and no identical individual was identified in the pedigree. Although the individual discriminating power was not fully verified because of the lack of individuals corresponding with the theoretical power, the 100% efficiency of parentage test was clearly confirmed. Therefore, we believe that the 13 MS marker set in conjunction with management record/information for the pig production kept in a farm/brand should be useful in the pork traceability in a brand unit.

Estimation of Environmental Effect and Genetic Parameters for The Carcass Traits in Hanwoo (Korean Cattle) (한우 도체형질의 환경효과 및 유전모수의 추정)

  • Moon, W.G.;Kim, B.W.;Roh, S.H.;Kim, H.S.;Jung, D.J.;Sun, D.W.;Kim, K.N.;Yoon, Y.T.;Jung, J.H.;Jeon, J.T.;Lee, J.G.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.49 no.6
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    • pp.689-698
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    • 2007
  • This study aims to estimate the genetic parameters for carcass traits on Hanwoo of breeding farmhouses using Animal Products Grading Service’s data of 428,812 cattle from 101 slaughterhouses nationwide from 2000 to 2005. Using carcass traits of carcass weight, eye muscle area, backfat thickness, marbling score, meat color and fat color that greatly influence Hanwoo's grade, the effects of carcass year, carcass season, sex and carcass region were estimated. Based upon carcass traits of carcass weight, eye muscle area, backfat thickness, marbling score and meat color that greatly influence Hanwoo’s grade, the heritabilities and genetic parameters were estimated of 17,578 Hanwoo slaughtered in 2005 with existing herdbook, where EM-REML algorithm was used in estimating genetic parameters. The mean and standard deviation of each carcass trait are 321.42±53.62kg, 76.25±10.43cm2, 9.96± 4.14mm, 3.75±2.00, 4.83±0.48 and 2.99±0.40, for carcass weight, eye muscle area, backfat thickness, marbling score, meat color and fat color, respectively. As a result of analysis on the effects of carcass year, the carcass weight, backfat thickness and meat color came out highest as 359.40±0.181, 9.82±0.017 and 4.90±0.002, respectively in 2004. As a result of analysis on the effects of carcass season, the carcass weight and eye muscle area came out highest as 345.88±0.144 and 79.57±0.033 respectively in spring, and the backfat thickness was highest as 8.78±0.013 in winter, and the meat color and fat color slightly came out higher as 4.88±0.002 and 2.96±0.001 in fall, while the marbling score was highest as 3.29±0.006 in summer. The results of the analysis on the effects of sex indicated that the backfat thickness and fat color were highest as 10.53±0.010 and 3.07±0.001 in cow, the carcass weight came out highest in Hanwoo steer as 368.03±0.068kg, the eye muscle area were highest as 82.96±0.042 in bull, and the marbling score was highest as 4.19±0.007 in steer, and the meat color was highest as 4.89±0.001 in cow. Regarding the results of analysis on the effects of carcass region, the carcass weight, eye muscle area,

Late aortic root dilatation and aortic regurgitation in repaired tetralogy of fallot (팔로 4징의 완전 교정술 후 장기 추적 관찰상 나타나는 대동맥근의 확장과 대동맥판 폐쇄부전)

  • Kim, Jeong Eun;Hur, Kyong;Kwon, Hae Sik;Yoo, Byung Won;Choi, Jae Young;Sul, Jun Hee
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.50 no.10
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    • pp.976-981
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    • 2007
  • Purpose : Aortic valve or aortic root (AoRo) replacement is occasionally required because of AoRo dilatation and aortic regurgitation (AR) in repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). We evaluated AoRo size and possible factors associated with its hemodynamic nature in patients with repaired TOF. Methods : We investigated 130 repaired TOF patients more than 15 years of age who followed-up by echocardiography from January 2002 to December 2003. Of 130 patients, we identified 17 patients with AoRo dilatation, which was defined as ratio of expected AoRo size by standard nomogram (AoRo ratio) >1.5 (dilator group), and 113 TOF controls, with AoRo ratio <1.5 (non-dilator group). Results : Mean indexed AoRo size (mm/m2) in the first echo was 24±3.2 in the dilator group and 18±3.4 in the non-dilator group (P<0.0001). AoRo rate of change (mm/year) from the first to latest echo study was 1.6±3.8 in dilator group and 0.05±1.6 in the non dilator group (P=0.0021). Patients from the dilator group showed a higher prevalence of pulmonary atresia (P=0.031) and a history of aortopulmonary shunt before repair (P=0.048), moderate to severe AR (P=0.0065), and increased left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions (P=0.003). Conclusions : A subset of patients late after TOF repair may show progressive dilatation of AoRo. To identify and prevent long-term sequelae in this patient group, regular follow-up and speculation about AoRo after TOF repair is recommended.

Analysis of Mosaic Image of Animation (애니메이션 <플랫 라이프>의 모자이크 이미지 분석)

  • Lee, Ji-Hyun
    • Cartoon and Animation Studies
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    • s.49
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    • pp.465-491
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    • 2017
  • This paper analyzes the short animation film which faithfully follows the external dimension of cartoons, and studies the hidden subject and the way of narrative in the back of the figure. In this process, we analyze the theme of using the analysis method of mosaic image. The narrative of cartoons is usually the majority in discussing the differences in the aspectual part. However, this animation uses cartoons to reach the linear narrative of ordinary narrative movies. As Janet Murray explains, if a 'mosaic image' approaches a theme through a mosaic approach, we can limit the 'mosaic film' that are introduced in the film format among them. First of all, conceptually uses the characteristics of 'mosaic image', at the same time, it utilizes a work utilizing the narrative features of 'mosaic film'. By analyzing this animation film by bifurcation, the first half reveals the characteristics of open-minded mosaic video platform, and the second half introduces the linear narrative method of film narrative. This paper divides the narrative method of 'multi plot Film' into three types: mosaic narrative film, network narrative film, and multi-draft film. Thus, we can analyze the ending of as a narrative method of 'network narrative film' which is composed of parallel or juxtaposed stories. In other words, if the early part of the animation follows the 'mosaic narrative' as an 'extension of ensemble film', the latter part faithfully follows 'network narrative'. Even in the way of talking about the subject, this animated film uses the way of speaking the mosaic image. Considering the aspectual tendency of cartoons, it can be said that this film derives the meaning of 'humor' or 'satire' in an open way. If the first half refers to 'the ambiguous routine of modern man', the latter half draws a profound theme called 'the reality of human selfishness in modern society'. is a film for a wide range of social criticism designed for adults who can interpret meaning.

Production and Assessing Usefulness of the Moving Phantom for Respiration Gated Radiotherapy (호흡동조 방사선치료용 팬텀의 제작 및 유용성 평가)

  • Lee, Yang-Hoon;Lee, Jae-Hee;Yoo, Suk-Hyun
    • The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.135-144
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    • 2010
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is that through production of phantom for respiration gated radiotherapy, assessing appropriacy of exposure dose for the therapy using RPM (Real-time Position Management). Materials and Methods: We located measurement object on the phantom for respiration gated radiotherapy made of 2 linear actuator, acrylic panel, stanchion, iron plate ets. to drive (up, down, front, back). Using 4D CT scan, we analyzed patient's respiration and reproduced the movement by computer. On the phantom, we located a 2D-Array (PTW) and an White water phantom (4.5 cm) and used DMLC (interval 2 cm) in the field size 10×10cm, then exposed 21EX X-ray 100 MU, in the case of phantom was (1) static (2) moving (3) gated using RPM respectively gantry 0 and 90 We measured with a 0.125 CC ionization chamber (PTW) on the phantom (7.5 cm) in the same condition. Results: Ionization chamber: There were within 0.3% of error with gating respiration and approximately 2% of error without gating in the same condition. 2D-Array: Gantry 90, field size 10×10cm, using DMLC. There were within 3% of error with gating respiration and approximately 16% of error without gating. Conclusion: The phantom for respiration gated radiotherapy makes plans considering patient's movement, quantitative analysis of exposure dose and proper assessment therapy for IMRT patients using RPM possible.

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Injuries and Prevention methods Associated with In-Line Skate (인라인 스케이트시 발생한 손상 밑 예방)

  • Lim Hong Chul;Chun Seung Joo;Rho Young Jin;Hwang Jin Ho;Park Chan Eung;Kim Tae Un
    • Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.163-167
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    • 2003
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe causes and injury mechanisms during inline skating and to find preventive measures .Materials and Methods: We have carefully selected 57 patients who have been treated in our hospital and nearby hospital. There are 37 males and 20 females, and mean age is 9 years 9 months (range,6-40 years old) . We have meticulously investigated their injured sites, their favorite location for inline skating , their use of protective means while they were on the wheels and their injury mechanisms . Results: Injury consisted of 50 fractures,1 meniscal tear,2 medial collateral ligament rupture and 4 contusion or sprain. Fracture sites varied as follows : 33(66%) cases in distal radius and ulna,5(10%) in elbow. 3(6%) in diaphysis of humerus, etc Location at the time of injury varied as follows : 22 cases(39%) in their apartment complex, 19 cases in (33%) narrow streets, and 16 cases(28%) in parks Only five patients admitted that any means of protection were used.2 cases only had knee pad on , 1 case put on elbow pad in addition, and 2 cases put on wrist guard as well. However none of the patients had helmet on Conclusion: We would strongly like to stress the importance of using sufficient protections and of choosing area where it is safe to ride, in order to reduce the risk of accidents. In addition, continuous and effective prior education from inline skate circles may be in order before riding the inline skate.

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Survey of the Routes and Incidence of Viral Infection of Tomato and Paprika Growing in Greenhouses in Cherwon Province, Korea During 2015-2017 (2015-2017 철원군 시설재배 과채류(토마토와 파프리카)의 바이러스병 발생 현황 및 감염경로 조사)

  • Kil, HyungBae;Kang, Minji;Choi, Won-Seok;Kim, Joong-Il;Phan, Mi Sa Vo;Im, JiHui;Kim, MeeKyoung;Park, Mi-Ri
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.145-152
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    • 2018
  • During 2015-2017, we surveyed the incidence of viral infections of tomato and paprika growing in greenhouses in Cherwon province, Korea. In 2015 and 2016, we collected leaves and fruits from tomato and paprika plants growing in greenhouses. We detected viruses in the samples collected using specific primer sets for Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), Pepper mottle mosaic virus (PepMoV), and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). We detected PMMoV, CMV, and TSWV in the samples, and CMV and TSWV were the most prevalent. For the prevention of future viral diseases, we then surveyed the routes of infection by these viruses in tomato and paprika plants growing in greenhouses in Cherwon province in 2017. Leaf and fruit samples were collected from seedlings and crops two and four months after transplanting into greenhouses. As a result, we found that TSWV was transferred from seedlings to plants, and outbreaks of the virus occurred at the early stage of cultivation. On the other hand, we found that CMV was a virus indigenous to the soil of some towns in Cherwon province, and thus outbreaks of this virus occurred at the middle stage of cultivation.

Application of the Homogenization Analysis to Calculation of a Permeability Coefficient (투수계수 산정을 위한 균질화 해석법의 적응)

  • 채병곤
    • Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.79-86
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    • 2004
  • Hydraulic conductivity along rock fracture is mainly dependent on fracture geometries such as orientation, aperture, roughness and connectivity. Therefore, it needs to consider fracture geometries sufficiently on a fracture model for a numerical analysis to calculate permeability coefficient in a fracture. This study performed new type of numerical analysis using a homogenization analysis method to calculate permeability coefficient accurately along single fractures with several fracture models that were considered fracture geometries as much as possible. First of all, fracture roughness and aperture variation due to normal stress applied on a fracture were directly measured under a confocal laser scaning microscope (CLSM). The acquired geometric data were used as input data to construct fracture models for the homogenization analysis (HA). Using the constructed fracture models, the homogenization analysis method can compute permeability coefficient with consideration of material properties both in microscale and in macroscale. The HA is a new type of perturbation theory developed to characterize the behavior of a micro inhomogeneous material with a periodic microstructure. It calculates micro scale permeability coefficient at homogeneous microscale, and then, computes a homogenized permeability coefficient (C-permeability coefficient) at macro scale. Therefore, it is possible to analyze accurate characteristics of permeability reflected with local effect of facture geometry. Several computations of the HA were conducted to prove validity of the HA results compared with the empirical equations of permeability in the previous studies using the constructed 2-D fracture models. The model can be classified into a parallel plate model that has fracture roughness and identical aperture along a fracture. According to the computation results, the conventional C-permeability coefficients have values in the range of the same order or difference of one order from the permeability coefficients calculated by an empirical equation. It means that the HA result is valid to calculate permeability coefficient along a fracture. However, it should be noted that C-permeability coefficient is more accurate result than the preexisting equations of permeability calculation, because the HA considers permeability characteristics of locally inhomogeneous fracture geometries and material properties both in microscale and macroscale.

Analysis of the Inter- and Intra-treatment Isocenter Deviations in Pelvic Radiotherapy With Small Bowel Displacement System (Small Bowel Displacement System을 이용한 골반부 방사선조사에서 치료간 및 치료중 중심점 위치변동에 관한 분석)

  • Kim Moon Kyung;Kim Dae Yong;Ahn Yong Chan;Huh Seung Jae;Lim Do Hun;Shin Kyung Hwan;Lee Kyu Chan
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.114-119
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    • 2000
  • Purpose : To evaluate the e지ent and frequency of the inter- and intra-treatment isocenter deviations of the whole pelvis radiation field in using small bowel displacement system (SBDS). Methods and Materials : Using electronic portal imaging device (EPID), 302 postero-anterior 232 lateral portal images were prospectively collected from 11 patients who received pelvic radiation therapy (7 with cervix cancer and 4 with rectal cancer). All patients were treated in prone position with SBDS under the lower abdomen. Five metallic fiducial markers were placed on the image detection unit for the recognition of the isocenter and magnification. After aligning the bony landmarks of the EPID images on those of the reference image, the deviations of the isocenter were measured in right-left (RL), cranio-caudal (CC), and PA directions. Results : The mean inter-treatment deviation of the isocenter in each RL, CC, and PA direction was 1.2 mm (± 1.6 mm), 1.0 mm (±3.0 mm), and 0.9 mm (±4.4 mm), respectively. Inter-treatment isocenter deviations over 5 mm and 10 mm in RL, CC, and PA direction were 2, 12, 24%, and 0, 0, 5%, respectively. Maximal deviation was detected in PA direction, and was 11.5 mm. The mean intratreatment deviation of the isocenter in RL, CC, and PA direction was 0 mm (±0.9 mm), 0.1 mm (± 1.9mm), and 0 mm (±1.6 mm), respectively. All intra-treatment isocenter deviations over 5 mm in each direction were 0, 1, 1±, respectively. Conclusions : As the greatest and the most frequent inter-treatment deviation of the isocenter was along the PA direction, it is recommended to put more generous safety margin toward the PA direction on the lateral fields if clinically acceptable in pelvic radiotherapy with SBDD.

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A Study on the Medical Insurance Utilization of Workers Suffering from Low Back Pain in an Area (일부지역 근로자의 요통으로 인한 의료보험 이용 조사)

  • Lee, Chul-Gab;Ahn, Hyun-Ok;Ryu, So-Yeon;Park, Jong;Kim, Ki-Soon;Kim, Yang-Ok
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.30 no.4 s.59
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    • pp.764-778
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    • 1997
  • To find the medical insurance utilization of workers when suffering from low back pain, an analysis was made toward the data of medical insurance benefits matched with the general characteristics of 10,183 workers, who were registered continuously from 1993 to 1995 at a medical insurance cooperation for industrial workers. The results were as follows; 1. The period prevalence of the medical insurance utilization for low back pain for 3 years from 1993 to 1995 was calculated as 17.1% for male workers and 19.4% for female workers. Most common cause of utilization was other dorsopathies including the herniation of lumbar discs. 2. The utilization rate increased significantly as the present age and the age joining the company got older(p<0.001). As the duration of employment got longer, the utilization rate of the male showed the tendency to increase and that of the female increased significantly(p<0.05). Among male workers employed at cement and concrete manufacturing companies showed higher utilization rate and among female laborers showed significantly higher utilization rate than clerical workers(p<0.01). 3. Annual utilization rate for low back pain didn't show any difference, but the portion of other dorsopathies among cause of utilization showed the tendency to increase from 1993 to 1995. 4. The mean number of claims for outpatient medical care for low back pain differed significantly by age, working duration, type of industries, income level(p<0.05), and the mean of total visiting days for care of low back pain differed significantly by working duration. In conclusion, considering the fact that the medical insurance utilization for low back pain increased annually and other dorsopathies including the herniation of dorsopathies were increasing, an effective preventive or management program for low back pain toward worker employed at industries were required.

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