• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.15 no.6_2
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• pp.11-17
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• 2015

Private security guard certification system was recognized as a national certification in 12. 2012 after it was first given in 2006 as a civil certification and then became a national test in 2013. Thinking it short of regulations on some of exemptible requirements as well as test-taking age limit due to the certification's specificity, the current researcher tried to present the following improvement plans. First, in taking the test, only the bottom age limit is given with no top age limit, so a regulation on its top age limit needs to be newly made so that it can select those substantially able to protect persons. Second, it can expand some of its exemptible requirements to not only police civil officials, private security guard civil officials but also military civil officials and college graduates who have taken all the courses for its primary test and have career in private security guard. Third, certain validity period can be set by standard of the date when the certification test application is accepted after retirement from related occupations so that they can maximally exert their ability in actual works. Fourth, the exemptible courses of the test must be limited to the primary test only while its hands-on test must not be exempted to meet the requirement of the ability for actual personal protection. In this manner, it's necessary that the personal protection certification system, as a national certificate, should be carefully reviewed to keep abreast with the growing civil protection industry.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.25-38
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the behavioral pattern of student. faculty. administration staff. and visitor by questionnaire about the campus forest of Kangwon National University. In the question of the necessity of the campus forest. 97% of students. 100% of faculty and 91% of adminstration staff agreed with the necessity of the campus forest and 80% of university members use the campus fores t. The most frequent site of the campus forest was the Yeon-Juk pond for students and adminstration staff and was the site behind the art building for faculty. The main reason for use of the campus forest was mostly a walk. About the questions dealt with one' s satisfaction regarding the campus forest. most members evaluated the average level. and the facilities of physical training were evaluated in the unsatisfied level. The improvements for the campus forest were suggested about conservation of the campus forest. increasing of physical training facilities and the jogging courses. and managing the mineral water and pond. The visitors using the campus forests were mostly retied people or housewives older than 50 years old. 80% of visitors visits mostly in the morning and 70% of the visitors comes to the campus forest by oneself. The main reasons for use of the campus forest were a walk and dipping the mineral water. The most frequent location was the Yeon-Juk pond for the visitors. Most visitors were strongly satisfied with using of the campus forest. In the questionnaire about improvements of the campus forest, the visitors suggested the increasing of physical training facilities. conservation of the campus forest, and establishing more walking roads and benches.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.209-220
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• 2020

This study aimed to analyze characteristics of banker's personality who were engaged in five commercial banks (KB Kookmin Bank, Shinhan Bank, Woori Bank, KEB Hana Bank and NH Nonghyup Bank) with Big5 personality traits and also, investigate the influence of personality traits on entrepreneurial intention and digital media utilization capability, especially based on preceding research. Also, it analyzed mediated effect of digital media capability between Big5 personality traits and entrepreneurial intention. First, the analysis results of the influence of Big5 personality traits on the entrepreneurial intention showed that extroversion, openness had positive impact on the entrepreneurial intention but sincerity had negative impact on the entrepreneurial intention. Second, the friendliness, sincerity, openness had positive impact on contents utilization capability while openness had positive impact on the communication utilization capability. Third, the influence of communication utilization capability on the entrepreneurial intention was positive. Fourth, the mediated effect of digital media capability between Big5 personality traits and entrepreneurial intention discovered that the communication utilization capability mediated the openness and entrepreneurial intention. It's required to look for the bankers with extroversion, openness that positively influenced entrepreneurial intention and carry out systematic, practical entrepreneurship education to help set up actual business after retirement. This study successfully derive conclusion that it's in urgent need to improve entrepreneurship education program so that the bankers could strengthen their communication utilization capability and improve their capability to gather various information through entrepreneurship education and furthermore, create new value followed by starting their own business.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.167-187
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• 2000

The rates and numbers of elderly suicide in Korea have been increased during 1985-1998. This indicates the seriousness of the problems which the elderly are faced with. So many late-life problems may push older people across the edges. Those in unbearable situations may call out fur helps, they may try to cope with various ways, or they may commit suicides. Because it is widely believed that suicide among the elderly can be understood as a personal solution or alternative to late-life problems in old age, the elderly\`s suicides seem to be an appropriate indicator in estimating seriousness of late-life problems. A comparison of the history of suicide research with other populations shows that the several late-life problems have been found with placing an individual elder at risks for increasing suicidal behaviors Research has identified such problems as financial insecurity, retirement, loss of social roles, physical illness, lack of social supports, and loneliness as the problems that increase the incidence of suicidal behavior. Though it is difficult far us to explain and understand the phenomenon of the elderly\`s suicide because of its complexity, we need to ascertain problems and social conditions behind suicides and also to prepare for some appropriate policy-tasks in light of social welfare for the aged, through examining the phenomenon. For explaining the elderly\`s suicide, the theoretical orientations are based on sociological perspectives in the paper. From the standpoints of social integration theory and exchange theory, this study is to examine the relationship between late-life problems and suicide. These two may have been fruitfully employed in conjunction with each other. Finally, this study would identify urgent late-life problems related with the elderly\`s suicide and suggest the relevant policies for Korean elders. Sometime in the near future, the government should be required to provide social welfare programs for the elderly, particularly for those at risk for increasing suicidal behaviors.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.139-161
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• 2002

In 1987, the Equal Employment Opportunity Law was enacted, which indicated the institutional regulation against gender-discriminatory labor practices. Until the late 1980s, women were forced to quit upon marriage. It had influenced negatively on women status in the labor market. In this paper, 1 try to examine how the institutional change affects young educated women's work behaviors. The change of the education and family effect on work will be examined. For analysis, data from 2002 Women's Work Survey is employed. The results show the followings. Among women of young generation, negative effect of education has disappeared and turned out to be positive among the never married. But, marriage and the family responsibility still influence negatively on young women's participation into the labor market. In making a decision to work, husband's attitude is more important than wife's own. But, among the single, women's own attitude toward work plays an important role. In overall, women of young generation is also influenced by the family responsibility as much as the previous generation. The negative effect of marriage and the family responsibility on women's working is stronger among the college educated women.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.233-259
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• 2012

Recently, the youth employment crisis which is characterized by high unemployment and low employment rate has been considerably serious, while jobless growth has been observed. However, job shortage and unstable labor status of the old are also main issues. To solve this problem, the job creation and deferred retirement for the old has been proceeded. Consequently, it has caused to the intergenerational war on job due to equity of job creation for the youth. However, it is not desirable that the problem would be diagnosed and the policy would be set up although little attention has so far been paid to test empirically this kind of substitution relation. Thus, this research has been analyzed whether the employment relation between the youth and the old is substitution or not. The analysis method is panel data analysis in 15 OECD countries including Korea(1990~2000). Major findings are as follows. First, only half of the youth and the old works. It provides the evidence that the employment crisis is not a problem of special generation but all of them. Second, employment relation between generations followed by panel analysis is not substitution relation. This findings can be interpreted as evidence that it is unlikely to solve the youth employment matter even though the government encourages the early retirement.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.58-82
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• 1998

It is usually proposed that job security of old age workers is hampered by the structure of wage increasing with age. This paper sets forth a model to comprehend the characteristic of the old age workers' labor market and policy implications derived from it. In order to stimulate demand for old age workers, policy initiatives should be taken as follows : the wage criteria should be simplified which apply differently from one institution to other; incentives relatively favorable for employing old age workers' in manufacturing sector should be also given to service sectors; employment subsidy or other tax incentives should be given for labor contract after the retirement age; licensing and evaluation system for job ability should be introduced based on occupation & job analysis. To lower the reservation wage of workers, mortgage loan for house and long-term low interest loan for tuition fees should be developed together with stabilization of housing cost. Wedding culture which requires high expense should be amended. Above all, it is necessary to install reasonable social security system. Policy orientation should also pay attention to reduce labor supply of the old aged via aiding old age workers' firm opening and voluntary civil service together with developing various honor programs for members of civil corps.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.85-96
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• 2017

There are many people who start business because of unstable employment due to income polarization. There are many people who start business because of unstable this study is to present the necessary situation and direction for the prospective founders who are hesitant to start their own business by lacking self - confidence and information about Preparing for start-up the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of pre - founder's psychological characteristics and start - up preparation characteristics on entrepreneurship intention. In order to conduct this study, 144 male and 114 female who were temporary workers and about to retire were analyzed for validity and reliability using 258 questionnaires. As a result of analyzing the adjustment effect of entrepreneurship education as an interaction term in the psychological characteristics and the preparation characteristics of the entrepreneurship, the risk taking tendency and the preparation period for entrepreneurship were significant for entrepreneurship education. In addition, the greater the necessity and importance of entrepreneurship education, the greater the effect on entrepreneurship education. It is a meaningful study that can give confidence to the subjects who want to start a business but are afraid of failure. This study is expected to contribute to the government's start - up policy by analyzing the influence of pre - founders on the intention of start - up.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.177-196
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• 2005

Today's employees are facing various socio-emotional problems due to the lack of appropriate supports and intervention in the workplace. These problems, however, cause considerable stress and inflict fatal damage on the quality of the employees' lives. Thus, this study analyzed the negative effects of the employees' socio-emotional problems on their stress, depression, and a sense of self-esteem. As a result, the study has identified that the problems occurred widely in the work life area such as job-related problem, predicament of retirement, workplace violence, family life area such as family relationship, child education, crisis problem, and lastly culture and health related area. This study also found that the socio-emotional problems in the three areas were the main stressors after all and they once again negatively affected depression and a sense of self-esteem. However, the role of social support, which is known to have the buffering effect on depression and a sense of self-esteem, was not sufficiently proved. This strongly implies that traditional social supports necessarily have limitations to overcome employees' socio-emotional problems in hand and thus systematic intervention toward the troubled workers in the organizational level must be required.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.449-465
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• 2017

Small and medium-sized company workers are ill-prepared for retirement due to low wages and poor working conditions, as result, are likely to get into poverty in retirement. The purpose of this study is to conduct a case study on the current status of financial and non-financial retirement preparation of the small and medium-sized company workers. The main findings are as follows. First, the small and medium-sized company workers show the anxiety about retirement. Many pre-retirees worry that their retirement savings may not generate enough income in retirement, and the level of benefits paid in public pension is inadequate. Second, they are preparing for retirement in the areas of finance, health, working after retirement and social activity. Third, they are realistic and practical in retirement decisions makings. they are considering household budget downsizing, cutting education costs, the low-waged job choice and cash flow preference in retirement. The safety and reality in preparation for retirement are top considerations. In conclusion, this case study shows that pre-retirees of small and medium-sized companies are seeking diverse retirement solutions. We need to design integrated and practical retirement planning programs to support their specific retirement needs.