• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.135-145
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• 1996

This study was carried out to investigate changes of physico-chemical properties and microbial activity during the early stage of composting with pig and chicken manure. The results were as follows; 1. The temperature was rapidly increased from the 3rd to the 7th day, and especially the pig manure compost preparing with enzyme was maintained $56^{\circ}C{\sim}69^{\circ}C$. 2. The pH range was shown $7.7{\sim}9.3$, and the pH level increased from the 3rd day to 25th day. Also after the 25th day the pH level decreased gradually. 3. The C/N ratio in the pig manure compost decreased 16.8 at the 30th day, while the compost containing enzymes decreased 19.2 at the 30th day. Chicken manure compost showed similar results at the 28 of C/N ratio at the 30th day with enzyme treatment. 4. The total ammount of sugar in pig manure compost was $6,000{\sim}7,000mg/kg$, while the chicken manure compost was $2,000{\sim}4,000mg/kg$. However, there was no significant difference in view point of enzyme treatment. 5. Cellulase, phosphatase and xylanase activity were continually increased, however amylase and urease activity were not changed during composting.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.118-125
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• 1998

This study investigates the react characteristics to suggest the condition of the utilization and disintegration of food garbage as composting by varying the supply amount of air of the fermentation reactors. With the initial temperature and agitation velocity maintained 50$\circ$C and 1 rpm, the supply amount of air gives variety to 0.5, 1, 2, 4 l/kg$\cdot$ min. In the case of the amount of air operated at the 0.5 l/kg$\cdot$ min, reaction temperature shows a rising to the maximum 66$\circ$C after the 48hr, and the oxygen used rate of the micro-organisms shows the largest level at 18.4% after the 8hr. In the case of $NH_3, H_2, H_2S$ and SO$_2$ among the react gas, the sanitary utilization shows the possibility of the microorganisms gas disintegration, with most high gas generate rate. In the case of the amount of air operated at the 1, 2 and 4 l/kg$\cdot$ min, initial react was advanced rapidly and the product of the 72 hr after shows big weight reduction. As the experimentation result, when the amount of air operated at the 1 l/kg$\cdot$ min over, the reduction by disintegration would be more effectively, for the reactor maintains the color tone and shape of the straw (bulking agent).

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2013

In this experiment, we hypothesized that pre-conditioning pig manure with microwave radiation can effectively eliminate moisture and consequently, cut down a need for expensive sawdust. For the experiment, pig manure/sawdust mixture of water content 79% was divided into 4 groups and each of them were treated with microwave for predetermined time periods, 5, 10, 15, 20 minutes. Subsequently, they were transferred to chambers (20 L) and aerobically composted. During the 2 weeks composting, air was supplied using blower (150 L per $1m^3$) and temperature and other variables were monitored continuously. When the data were analyzed, it was found, (1) moisture content was significantly decreased as radiation period extended. (2) weight reduction of compost after completion of composting was noticeably bigger in 15 min radiated group(31%), compared with 5 min (24.6%), 10 min (21.4%), 20 min (27.2%) radiated groups.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.333-341
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• 2001

퇴비화 촉진 미생물인 Bacillus subtilis LYH201균주가 분비하는 섬유소 분해효소를 분자생물학적으로 연구한 결과는 다음과 같다. 섬유소를 분해하는 유전자는 유전자은행에 의해 구한 약 5,000개의 clone 중 CMC 배지 상에서 활성을 가지는 clone을 선발하여 bglC(pLYH7-39)로 명명하였다. 섬유소를 분해하는 bglC 유전자는 Pvu II, EcoRI, SspI의 제한효소 site를 가지고 있었으며, BglC는 Clostridium acetobutylicum GUN_CLOAB(P15704)와 57%의 identity와 71%의 homology를 나타내어 상동성이 가장 높았으며, CMC-SDS-PAGE 분석으로 56 kDa의 분자량을 나타냈고, 온도는 $50^{\circ}C$, pH는 7에서 활성이 가장 높았다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.106-110
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• 2001

양액재배용 배지로 팽연화 왕겨를 사용할 경우 반촉성 및 억제 재배용으로 사용 가능한 횟수는 3회 사용시 $Ca^{++}$의 다량 용출로 인한 배지의 다져짐이 나타나며 원형여지크로마토그래피상의 부숙도 판정에서도 2작기 경과동안 거의 부숙되는 것으로 미루어 2회까지 사용이 안정적인 것으로 판단되였다. 2회 사용일수의 합산이 245일 이고 정상적인 급액은 이루어지지 않았으나 30일 정도의 재상용전 기간 동안에도 습윤상태를 유지한 것으로 미루어 장기재배 1작기에도 사용이 가능한 것으로 판단되나 펄라이트의 적정 사용기간에 비해 1/3 정도로 사용기간은 짧은 편이었다. 교체비용을 포함한 배지 재료비는 펄라이트 대비 65.3% 정도로 경제적이었다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.173-176
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• 2001

양돈농가에서의 계절별 돈사배출수 발생량은 돈사내에서 스크레퍼 및 인력으로 돈분을 분리수거하여 분은 퇴비화하고 배출수는 활성오니법을 이용하여 정화처리하고 있는 농가를 6농가를 선정하여 돈사배풀수랸 및 배출수의 특성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 돈사배출수량의 평균배출량은 4.15 l/일/두였으며, 계절별로는 여름철 5.02, 겨울철 4.11, 겨울철에 3.44, 봄철에 4.04 l/일.두로 여름철에 가장 많은 세정수가 발생되었다. 2. 돈사배출수 조사농가의 돈분은 수분 함량은 평균 82.9%였고 돈분의 BOD 및 SS농도는 각각 56,847mg/l, 119,750mg/l였으며, 돈사배풀수의 BOD, SS농도는 각각 2,951, 1,983mg/$\ell$였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1716-1720
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• 2011

섬유소를 비롯한 단백질, 지질, 녹말을 분해할 수 있는 세균을 된장으로부터 분리하여 동정한 결과 Bacillus subtilis로 분류되었으며, Bacillus subtilis CK-2로 명명하였다. 분리균주는 $40\sim45^{\circ}C$의 비교적 넓은 온도 범위와 pH 6~9의 넓은 pH 범위, 그리고 NaCl 0~3% 범위에서 잘 자랐으며, 높은 자가분해효소 활성을 갖는 것을 알 수 있었다. B. subtilis CK-2가 분비하는 가수분해효소들은 대부분 세균의 생장과 거의 비례적으로 세포외 활성을 나타내는 1차 대사산물로 확인되었다. 이상의 결과로부터 B. subtilis CK-2는 농수임산물 폐기물이나 음식물 폐기물의 퇴비화, 사료 생산 등에 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.382-387
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• 2013

압출 컴파운딩 공정 및 케스팅 필름 공정을 이용하여 생분해성 폴리우레탄(PU)/클레이 나노복합 필름을 제조하였다. PU 수지와의 강한 결합 형성을 위해 유기적으로 개질되어 그 표면에 많은 양의 히드록시기를 갖는 MMT 나노클레이(C30B)를 사용하였다. 압출 공정 중 발생된 높은 전단 응력에 의해 발현된 복합체 내 나노판상체의 삽입/박리 구조 및 분산 상태를 XRD 분석 및 TEM 관찰을 통해 확인하였다. 또한 제조된 나노복합체의 유변물성, 인장물성, 투명성, 산소투과도의 변화를 첨가된 나노클레이 함량에 따라 조사하였으며, 이로부터 나노복합체 내 나노판상체의 박리 및 분산 구조와 물성과의 상관 관계를 제시할 수 있었다. 일정수준의 함량으로 첨가된 나노클레이는 복합 필름의 인장 탄성율, 연신율, 투명성, 산소차단성 등의 성능 향상에 뚜렷하게 기여하였으나, 그 이상의 함량으로 첨가되면 불완전한 박리 및 불균질한 분산성으로 인하여 오히려 성능이 감소하거나 또는 그 증가 폭이 매우 작은 것으로 나타났다. PU/clay 나노복합 필름의 생분해성은 퇴비화 실험을 통한 분해시간에 따른 필름의 산소투과도 및 인장물성의 변화를 관찰함으로써 확인하였다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.82-90
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• 1996

This study was performed to find the optimum mixing ratio of paper waste in composting of mixture of swine feces and newspaper. Using the experimental setting of aeration rate which was found in the experiment carried out priorly, and moisture contents reported in other literature, just the initial C:N ratios were differentiated by mixing different amount of newspaper with the same amount of swine feces. This study was carried out by operating 4 experimental cornposting reactors of bench scale for 3 weeks. The followings are the conclusions that were derived from this study. 1. During composting reaction, the C:N ratio of each cornposter was decreased. Degree of decrease was in order of run 3, run 2, run 4, and run 1 of which initial C:N ratio was 30, 25, 35, and 20 respectively. All of the final composts were found to be completed composting reaction. 2. Ash contents of each reactor increased rapidly in order of run 3, run 2, run 4, and run 1. The absolute values of quadratic effect coefficients of each second order regression function was 0.059, 0.038, 0.032, and 0.030 respectively. Ash contents evolution trend had a linear correlation with the C:N ratio trend. (r=-0.96932, p<0.05) 3. The range of highest temperatures reached during composting was 47.2-53.5$\circ$C. Those were not significantly different from one another. Thermophilic temperatures were maintained in the range of 48-108 hours. 4. Contents of heavy metal detected in the final compost were lower than those of Korean and European standards. 5. Concentration range of Nitrogen in the final compost was 1.11-2.27%, and that of phosphorus was 8.40-10.70 mg/kg. 6. The optimum C:N ratio which has been proposed without the consideration of types of bulking agents should be re-examined. Biodegradabilities of each bulking agents was thought to be important factor when determining the optimum initial C:N ratio for cornposting.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.16-26
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• 1993

A sundry system is one of popular systems for composting livestock manure, of which main honest is to utilize unlimited, clean, and free solar radiation. A sundry system with a composter of two horizontal screw-type concrete ducts at different height, was constructed and operated for three days for each test in May, 1993, to evaluate its composting performance. Four treatments of the mixture ratio of swine manure and saw dust (manure : sawdust= 1 : 1.25, 1 : 1, 1 : 0.7, 1 : 0.5) were implemented to evaluate the effect of the mixture ratio on degradation of the composting materials of a sundry system with a screw-type composter. Maximum temperature of the composting materials was over 5$0^{\circ}C$ at D1 or D2 (one or two days after operation starts) for each test. Mean C/N ratio and water contents of the materials were reduced by more than 15 and 20％, respectively. Microbial density of each test showed a typical variation with the lapse of the composting time. Mesophilic microorganism seemed to play more important role on degradation of the materials than thermophilic. A sundry system with a screw-type composter can be considered as a feasible system on basis of maturity data. The conclusion was completely reverse from that of Choi et at., although both adopted a sundry system. A further study is recommended to pursue the cause of better performance of the screw-type composter, whether it was due to affirmative weather or more efficient composter.