• Title/Summary/Keyword: 통상마찰

Search Result 51, Processing Time 0.033 seconds

Development of Optimal Design Program of Air-Coal Pneumatic Conveying System to Enhance Combustion Efficiency (연소효율 향상을 위한 공기-미분탄 수송배관장치의 최적화 설계 프로그램 개발)

  • Ku, Jae-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
    • /
    • v.13 no.5
    • /
    • pp.7-14
    • /
    • 2009
  • This study describes to analyze the pressure drop characteristics for the air-particle flow in pneumatic coal powder conveying system and to proper design of the orifice located in the system to enhance combustion efficiency in furnace of the coal-fired power plant. Usually the system consists of the straight type pipe, the curved type pipe and the elbow, which cause increase of the pressure drop. In this study, the pressure drop arised in the system with straight and curved type pipes is analyzed with interactions of motion of air flow and particles. It is realized that total pressure drop increases with increasing of the pipe length and the angle of curved type pipe due to friction loss of air and particles in the system. The program for analysis of the pressure drop and optimum design of the orifice size for air flow control in the system is developed. The result is also compared with the existing system.

  • PDF

A Study for FTA regulation enactment of the environmental protection and Trade liberalization (FTA체제하에서 환경규정의 제정방안에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Jae-Young;Kim, Moon-Hong
    • International Area Studies Review
    • /
    • v.15 no.2
    • /
    • pp.383-401
    • /
    • 2011
  • This paper studied about environmental protection and Free Trade in FTA. FTA is representative means that maximize trade profit through free trade. But Regulation for environmental protection is infringing profit of free trade(FTA). It is the natural matter that the all countries must do environmental protection. but, measure for environmental protection must not be used on trade limited constituent. This study studied about enactment plan of environmental regulation to achieve two targets of environmental protection with trade liberalization. Study Finding is as following. First, it is that to apply existent environmental standard in the FTA expands trade liberalization. Second, need enactment of rule that can interchange Environmental Goods or a technology effectively. Third, there is necessity to establish procedural regulations and substantial regulations that refer environment problems. also to include comprehensive form in case of choose Multilateral Environmental Agreements is reasonable.

Analysis on Issues Related to Supply Chain Management in the Era of Covid19 using Network Text Analysis (코로나19 시대의 공급사슬관리 관련 이슈 분석: 기사자료 네트워크 텍스트 분석을 중심으로)

  • Rha, Jin Sung
    • Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
    • /
    • v.25 no.6
    • /
    • pp.109-123
    • /
    • 2020
  • There has been a major change in the way of life and thinking of all mankind due to covid19. In particular, managerial issues related to supply chain such as global supply chain disruption, and trade friction among countries are drawing the attention. Accordingly, a number of studies are being conducted on the supply chain challenges and solutions to overcome the covid19 crisis, but published research on the impact of covid19 on supply chain management is lacking. In this study, network text analysis is conducted mainly on news articles and this study summarizes the issues related to supply chain management in the era of covid19. The trend analysis results indicated that actively discussed area was global supply chain restructuring and confirmed that main topics are re-shoring, applications of new technology, and the new normal in supply chains. The findings are expected to help expand the scope of research in supply chain management research in the covid19 era.

An experimental study on the measurement of real-scale tractive force using advanced shear plate (고성능 전단평판을 이용한 실규모 소류력 측정에 관한 연구)

  • Jung, Dong Gyu;Kim, Kwang Soo;Kim, Young Do;Park, Yong Sung
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
    • /
    • 2021.06a
    • /
    • pp.14-14
    • /
    • 2021
  • 개수로에서는 반드시 자유수면이 있으며, 따라서 물과 공기와의 마찰은 관수로에 비해 상대적으로 매우 작고, 개수로의 전단응력 분포는 관수로와 달리 근본적으로 비대칭이다. 따라서 전단응력은 수로 바닥이나 측면에서만 작용하게 된다. 이러한 평균 전단응력 개념은 흐름에 의해 경계면 구성재료가 이동하는 이동상 수리학에서 유사이송 능력을 해석하는 기준이 되며, 경계면의 전단응력은 힘으로 표시하여 통상 소류력이라 한다. 이러한 복잡한 유체거동은 하천시설물 설계, 시공 및 관리에 있어서 구성재료의 보호능력에 따라 예상하지 못한 조건에서 쉽게 파손될 수 있다. 국내 하천의 경우 한계유속과 한계소류력에 의해 하천설계에 적용되고 있다. 한계 유속의 경우 간단한 수식에 의해 산정될 수 있지만 실제 하천의 보호능력을 대표하기는 힘들기 때문에 한계소류력이 동시에 고려되어야 한다. 한계소류력은 개수로 흐름에서 복잡하게 발생하는 이차류나, 난류 특성에 의해 산정하거나 예측하기는 매우 어렵다. 한계 소류력 뿐만 아니라 하천을 구성하는 재질의 조도계수 역시 균일하지 못하고 매우 예측하기 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 복잡한 양상을 나타내는 수리학적 요소에 대해 표준화된 실험수로에서 실험을 통해 평가하고, 체계화된 설계 지침이 되고자 연구를 진행하였다. 본 연구에서는 자연하천과 유사한 조건의 경사를 가지는 경사수로와 경사의 영향에서 자유롭게 평가를 진행하고자 기존 연구를 바탕으로 제작된 소류력 측정장치를 이용하였다. 하천의 설계나 평가에 적용되는 평균 소류력 개념은 복잡한 난류흐름에서 평가지표로써 대표하기 힘들기 때문에 유사 하천환경의 바닥에서 발생하는 소류력을 직접 측정하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 장치는 난류유속 u', v'을 이용하여 Reynolds stress산정하여 Total shear stress를 추정하는 기법을 사용하여 검증하였다.

  • PDF

Korea's Trade Rules Analysis using Topic Modeling : from 2000 to 2022 (토픽 모델링을 이용한 한국 무역규범 연구동향 분석 : 2000년~2022년)

  • Byeong-Ho Lim;Jeong-In Chang;Tae-Han Kim;Ha-Neul Han
    • Korea Trade Review
    • /
    • v.48 no.1
    • /
    • pp.55-81
    • /
    • 2023
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze the main issues and trends of Korean trade, and to draw implications for future research regarding trade rules. A total of 476 academic journal are analyzed using English keyword searched for 'Trade Rules' from 2000 to July 2022 in the Korean Journal Citation Index data base. The analysis methodology includes co-occurrence network and topic trend analysis which is a kind of text mining methods. The results shows that key words representing Korea's trade trend fall into four categories in which the number of research journals has rapidly increased, which are Topic 4 (Investment Treaty), Topic 7 (Trade Security), Topic 8 (China's Protectionism), and Topic 11 (Trade Settlement). The major background for these topics is the tension between the United States and China threatening the existing international trade system. A detailed study for China's protectionism, changes in trade security system, and new investment agreements, and changes in payment methods will be the challenges in near future.

Removable implant-supported partial denture using milled bar with Locator® attachments in a cleft lip & palate patient: A clinical report (구순구개열 환자에서 Locator® 유지장치가 장착된 milled titanium bar를 이용한 가철성 임플란트 피개 국소의치의 보철수복증례)

  • Yang, Sang-Hyun;Kim, Kyoung-A;Kim, Ja-Yeong;Seo, Jae-Min
    • The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
    • /
    • v.53 no.3
    • /
    • pp.207-214
    • /
    • 2015
  • Due to the limitations of conventional removable partial denture prostheses to treat a cleft lip & palate patient who shows scar tissue on upper lip, excessive absorption of the maxillary residual alveolar ridge, and class III malocclusion with narrow palate and undergrowth of the maxilla, 4 implants were placed on the maxillary edentulous region and a maxillary removable implant-supported partial denture was planned using a CAD/CAM milled titanium bar. Unlike metal or gold casting technique which has shrinkage after the molding, CAD/CAM milled titanium bar is highly-precise, economical and lightweight. In practice, however, it is very hard to obtain accurate friction-fit from the milled bar and reduction in retention can occur due to repetitive insertion and removal of the denture. Various auxiliary retention systems (e.g. $ERA^{(R)}$, $CEKA^{(R)}$, magnetics, $Locator^{(R)}$ attachment), in order to deal with these problems, can be used to obtain additional retention, cost-effectiveness and ease of replacement. Out of diverse auxiliary attachments, $Locator^{(R)}$ has characteristics that are dual retentive, minimal in vertical height and convenient of attachment replacement. Drill and tapping method is simple and the replacement of the metal female part of $Locator^{(R)}$ attachment is convenient. In this case, the $Locator^{(R)}$ attachment is connected to the milled titanium bar fabricated by CAD/CAM, using the drill and tapping technique. Afterward, screw holes were formed and 3 $Locator^{(R)}$ attachments were secured with 20 Ncm holding force for additional retention. Following this procedure, satisfactory results were obtained in terms of aesthetic facial form, masticatory function and denture retention, and I hereby report this case.

A study on The U.S.-Korean Trade Friction Prevention and Settlement in the Fields of Information and Telecommunication Industries (한미간(韓美間) 정보통신분야(情報通信分野) 통상마찰예방(通商摩擦豫防)과 해소방안(解消方案)에 관한 연구(硏究))

  • Jung, Jay-Young
    • THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
    • /
    • v.13
    • /
    • pp.869-895
    • /
    • 2000
  • The US supports the Information and Communication (IC) industry as a strategic one to wield a complete power over the World Market. However, several other countries are also eager to have the support for the IC industry because the industry produces a high added value and has a significant effect on other industries. Korea is not an exception. Korea recently succeeded in the commercialization of CDMA for the first time in the world, after the successful development of TDX. Hence, it is highly likely to get tracked by the US. Although the IC industry is a specific sector of IT, there is a concern that there might be a trade friction between the US and Korea due to a possible competition. It will be very important to prepare a solution in advance so that Korea could prevent the friction and at the same time increase its share domestically and globally. It will be our important task to solve the problem with the minimum cost if the conflict arises unfortunately in the IT area. The parties that have a strong influence on the US trade policy are the think tank group and the IT-related interest group. Therefore, it would be important to have a close relationship with them. We found some implications by analyzing the case of Japan, which has experienced trade frictions with the US over the long period of time in the high tech industry. In order to get rid of those conflicts with the US, the Japanese did the following things : (1) The Japanese government developed supporting theories and also resorted to international support so that the world could support the Japanese theories. (2) Through continual dialogue with the US business people, the Japanese business people sought after solutions to share profits among the Japanese and the US both in the domestic and in the worldwide markets. They focused on lobbying activities to influence the US public opinion to support the Japanese. The specific implementation plan was first to open culture lobby toward opinion leaders who were leaders about the US opinion. The institution, Japan Society, were formed to deliver a high quality lobbying activities. The second plan is economic lobby. They have established Japanese Economic Institute at Washington. They provide information about Japan regularly or irregularly to the US government, research institution, universities, etc., that are interested in Japan. The main objective behind these activities though is to advertise the validity of Japanese policy. Japanese top executives, practical interest groups on international trade, are trying to justify their position by direct contact with the US policy makers. The third one is political lobby. Japan is very careful about this political lobby. It is doing its best not to give impression that Japan is trying to shape the US policy making. It is collecting a vast amount of information to make a correct judgment on situation. It is not tilted toward one political party or the other, and is rather developing a long-term network of people who understand and support the Japanese policy. The following implications were drawn from the experience of Japan. First, the Korean government should develop a long-term plan and execute it to improve the Korean image perceived by American people. Second, the Korean government should begin public relation activities toward the US elite group. It is inevitable to make an effort to advertise Korea to this elite group because this group leads public opinion in the USA. Third, the Korean government needs the development of a relevant policy to elevate the positive atmosphere for advertising toward the US. For example, we need information about to whom and how to about lobbying activities, personnel network who immediately respond to wrong articles about Korea in the US press, and lastly the most recent data bank of Korean support group inside the USA. Fourth, the Korean government should create an atmosphere to facilitate the advertising toward the US. Examples include provision of incentives in tax on the expenses for the advertising toward the US and provision of rewards to those who significantly contribute to the advertising activities. Fifth, the Korean government should perform the role of a bridge between Korean and the US business people. Sixth, the government should promptly analyze the policy of IT industry, a strategic area, and timely distribute information to industries in Korea. Since the Korean government is the only institution that has formal contact with the US government, it is highly likely to provide information of a high quality. The followings are some implications for business institutions. First, Korean business organization should carefully analyze and observe the business policy and managerial conditions of US companies. It is very important to do so because all the trade frictions arise at the business level. Second, it is also very important that the top management of Korean firms contact the opinion leaders of the US. Third, it is critically needed that Korean business people sent to the USA do their part for PR activities. Fourth, it is very important to advertise to American employees in Korean companies. If we cannot convince our American employees, it would be a lot harder to convince regular American. Therefore, it is very important to make the American employees the support group for Korean ways. Fifth, it should try to get much information as early as possible about the US firms policy in the IT area. It should give an enormous effort on early collection of information because by doing so it has more time to respond. Sixth, it should research on the PR cases of foreign enterprise or non-American companies inside the USA. The research needs to identify the success factors and the failure factors. Finally, the business firm will get more valuable information if it analyzes and responds to, according to each medium.

  • PDF

Numerical Studies on Combined VM Loading and Eccentricity Factor of Circular Footings on Sand (모래지반에서 원형기초의 수직-모멘트 조합하중 지지력과 편심계수에 대한 수치해석 연구)

  • Kim, Dong-Joon;Youn, Jun-Ung;Jee, Sung-Hyun;Choo, Yun Wook
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
    • /
    • v.30 no.3
    • /
    • pp.59-72
    • /
    • 2014
  • For circular rigid footings with a rough base on sand, combined vertical - moment loading capacity was studied by three-dimensional numerical modelling. Mohr-Coulomb plasticity model with the associated flow-rule was used for the soil. After comparing the results of the swipe loading method, which can construct the interaction diagram with smaller number of analyses, and those of the probe loading method, which can simulate the load-paths in the conventional load tests, it was found that both loading methods give similar results. Conventional methods based on the effective width or area concept and the results by eccentricity factor ($e_{\gamma}$) were reviewed. The results by numerical modelling of this study were compared with those of previous studies. The combined loading capacity for vertical (V) - moment (M) loading was barely affected by the internal friction angle. It was found that the effective width concept expressed in the form of eccentricity factor can be applied to circular footings. The numerical results of this study were smaller than the previous experimental results and the differences between them increased with the eccentricity and moment load. Discussions are made on the reason of the disparities between the numerical and experimental results, and the areas for further researches are mentioned.

Management on Standards and Specifications for Food Additives (식품첨가물 기준규격 관리)

  • Kwon, Yong-Kwan;Choi, Jang-Duck;Kim, Min-Shik;Lim, Ho-Soo;Chang, Sun-Young;Kim, Moon-Sook;Moon, Gui-Im;Hong, Ki-Hyoung;Hong, Jin-Hwan;Kim, Moung-Chul
    • Food Science and Industry
    • /
    • v.40 no.4
    • /
    • pp.55-60
    • /
    • 2007
  • 식품에 사용되는 식품첨가물의 지정 확대화 및 국제적 조화를 위한 사업으로 한시적 기준규격으로 기 인정된 효소제인 탄나아제, 알파갈락토시다아제, 베타글리코시다아제, 글루타미나아제와 증점안정제의 용도로 사용되는 롤리감마글루탐산 등 총 5품목에 대하여 기준 규격을 신설하였으며, 식품 중 알루미늄 저감화 방안 마련의 일환으로 화학적합성품 중 염기성알루미늄탄산나트륨 1품목을 지정취소하고, 글루콘산칼슘 등 40 품목의 사용기준을 개정하였으며, 황산칼슘 등 6품목의 성분규격을 개정하였다. 또한, 식품첨가물로 인한 통상무역 마찰을 해소하고 식품첨가물 수출입관련 종사자의 편의를 도모하고자 식품첨가물 수출입관련 종사자의 편의를 도모하고자 식품첨가물 영문공전에 미 반영된 품목에 대해 영문화작업을 수행하였으며, 식품첨가물의 국제기준과 조화를 위해 CCFAC(식품첨가물및오염물질분과회의) 및 CCCPL(곡류및두류분과위원회)에서 논의중인 즉석면(instant noodle) 등의 식품첨가물 국제기준 작성 및 제안을 위한 작업을 수행하고 아국의 최종안을 만들어 Codex회의에 즉석면 식품첨가물 목록을 총회에 8단계로 상정하였으며, 즉석면 식품첨가물 목록에서 감미료(아세설팜칼륨, 알리타임 등)삭제 및 타르색소(Tartrazine, Sunset Yellow FCF, amaranth, Fast Green FCF, curcurmin, carmines) 최대허용기준 설정에 대한 아국의 의견을 반영하였으며, CCNFSDU(영양 및 특수용도식품 분과위원회)의 영양강화제와 관련하여 식품첨가물에 관한 내용검토 및 의견 제출, CCASIA(아시아지역 조정위원회)에서 논의 중인 고추장 및 발효 콩제품의 식품 첨가물 내용을 검토하여 아국의 검토의견을 반영하였다.

The Influences of Chinese Interpersonal Culture on Counterfeit Brand (중국인의 타인의식형 집단문화와 위조명품 브랜드 구매행동)

  • Kim, Joo-Ho
    • Asia Marketing Journal
    • /
    • v.13 no.2
    • /
    • pp.27-48
    • /
    • 2011
  • The Chinese counterfeits has begun to gain great attention recently because of the drastic increase in its volume. The consumption of counterfeit harms to manufacturer who spend millions of dollars to create and develop new product. The counterfeits in Chinese can cause international dispute and lower national reputation. The purpose of this study were to examine if the buyers of counterfeits tend to care more about interpersonal relationship than non-buyers among Chinese. Data were gathered by surveying Chinese consumer living in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou metropolitan area using convenient sampling, and 480 questionnaires were used in the statistical analysis. In analyzing data, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, structural equation modeling with AMOS were conducted. The results of this study were follows, first, attitude toward counterfeits was classified into three factors such as interpersonal relationship, perception, and involvement. It is general belief that attitudes toward counterfeits were correlated with on brand attachment, however this study show that the buyers of counterfeits tended to purchase counterfeit goods as more alternatives of genuine(original) product than non-buyers. Perhaps, the buyers of counterfeits tended to have lower consumer ethics than non-buyers because they value counterfeit high. It is generally accepted that both a producer and a buyer violate the laws, but they are rather generous for buyer. The results of this study suggest consumers' attitude towards counterfeit need to be changed, following consumer education and strict law enforcement. Based on these results, global brand marketing strategies for luxury goods were suggested.

  • PDF