• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.47-53
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• 2020

In this study, the optimization design data was presented by analyzing the performance and durability of the cooling fan by one-way fluid-structure interaction analysis of the cooling fan shape used in the engine generator. For this purpose, a steady-state analysis was performed on the flow field inside the cooling fan, and the durability was analyzed by using the steady-state calculation results as input data for structural analysis. Six types were modeled for fluid analysis by changing the blade and sweep angle of the cooling fan, and the ratio of mass flow rate and torque was best in A type, but B type with relatively large mass flow rate was the best. It was judged to have flow performance. As a result of examining the structural analysis by setting the four blade thickness of the B type selected through the fluid analysis, it was judged that B Type-3 is the most suitable when considering the fatigue safety factor.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.87-90
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• 2008

Co-Pt alloy thin films were galvanostatically electrodeposited on Ru (30 nm)/Ta (5 nm)/Si (100) substrates from a amino-citrate based electrolyte. We used Ru(0002)-oriented buffer layers to control the crystallinity and orientation of the Co-Pt alloy thin films. The effect of solution temperature on the microstructure and magnetic properties of the Co-Pt alloy thin film was investigated. The samples were characterized by EDS, FESEM, XRD diffractometer using Cu $K{\alpha}$ radiation. The magnetic properties of these films were analyzed by a VSM and torque magnetometer. The Co-Pt alloy thin films were exhibited very high out-of-plane coercivity and squareness of the multilayer were 6527 Oe and 0.93, respectively, without heat treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.228-233
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• 2010

The microwave permeability was measured in order to analyze the thickness dependence of loss properties in CoFeHfO thin films with varying thickness of t = 57~1368 nm. A single resonance peak (P1) at 2.95 GHz was appeared in the samples with thickness less than 405 nm, while second resonance peak (P2) at 547MHz was additionally appeared in the samples with thickness greater than 405 nm. The P2 was originated by the angle distribution of the easy axis, which was confirmed from the measured results of the change of imaginary permeability with applied magnetic field in the sample of 1368 nm thickness and low field torque curves. If the second peaks can be reduced by minimizing the angle distribution of the easy axis, the CoFeHfO thin films with thickness greater than 400 nm can be used for the compact microwave devices operated at up to 2 GHz ranges.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2016

This study is concerned with the numerical investigation of dynamic characteristics of 2.5MW-class wind turbine gearbox in which the misalignment improvement of plenary gear shafts by the flexible pins and the dynamic impact response are analyzed by the finite element method. The tooth contact between gears is modelled using the line element having the equivalent tooth stiffness and the contact ratio to accurately and effectively reflect the load transmission in the internal complex gear system. The equivalent tooth stiffness is calculated by utilizing the tooth deformation analysis and the impulse torque is applied to the input shaft for the dynamics response characteristic analysis. Through the numerical experiments, the equivalent tooth stiffness model was validated and the misalignment improvement of planetary gear shafts was confirmed from the comparison with the cases of fixed shafts at one and both ends.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1039-1048
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• 2018

In urban tunnel construction, most of the Shield TBM method is applied to secure the safety of buildings and to minimize risks. On the other hand, in the urban development process, landfills are often embanked or improving in many cases, so that the boundary between the surface and the rock is often heterogeneous. In case of ground condition such as alluvial soil, granite, decomposed granite, core stone and rock with various layers, datas on shield TBM advancing according to each ground condition are analyzed, The characteristics of machine load were compared and analyzed. As a result, it can be predicted that the change of ground condition can be predicted by the tendency of discharge volume, thrust force and cutting wheel torque when the cutter is checked and replaced regularly on advancing under maintaining the design slurry pressure.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2009

We investigated effects of a compatibilizer on the rheological properties during mixing and thermal properties of polypropylene (PP)-natural fiber composites. Two types of natural fibers (cotton fiber and wood fiber) were compared. maleic anhydride grafted PP was used for a compatibilizer. On increasing the amounts of the compatibilizer, the torque values of composites were increased, regardless of the kind of fibers. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed a slight increase in the degree of crystallinity with adding the compaibilizing agent, while the effects of the kind of fibers were marginal. It may be considered, however, the cotton fiber exhibits better interaction with PP-g-MAH than the natural fiber based on the rheographs, DSC, and XRD results.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.11-18
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• 1998

This study describes sea trial tests for a waterjet propulsion system attached in the hybrid super high speed cargo ship named "Narae". A measuring technique of jet velocity, gross thrust and impeller torque for the waterjet system is explained. From the measured data in sea trial test, performance of the waterjet propulsion system is analyzed and compared with model test results of a similar waterjet system which was carried out in 1996. The erective horse power estimated from sea trial tests shows a good agreement with resistance test results of the model ship. The optimum rising height is estimated as 0.75 m, and the overall efficiency of the waterjet system is predicted as 0.315 at 15 knots. Useful data such as the pump performance, the jet efficiency, the losses of inlet duct and nozzle were obtained. Test results show a similar behavior to the model test results.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.31 no.3 s.86
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• pp.335-346
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the ideal clinical torque(In the SWA rectangular wire, the torque by the angle between the plane part and twisted part to move the tooth) of the orthodontic rectangular wire which produce the proper labiolingual movement of the single tooth during finishing stage of the orthodontic treatment. The clinical torque is the sum of the play and the active torque which generates the moment at the bracket. The play is calculated by the formula and the active torque is calculated by the computer aided three-dimensional finite element method. The finite element model was consist of the three brackets which formed a row and 3 kinds of orthodontic rectangular wire(stainless steel, TMA, NiTi) which inserted in brackets. Both sides of the model were twisted and the moment generated in the center bracket was calculated. The sizes of seven wires which were used commonly were .016'X.022', .017'X.022', .017'X.025', .018'X.025', .019'X.025', .020'X.025', .021'X.025'. In 018' bracket, 016'X.022', .017'X.022', .017'X.025' wires were inserted and in 022' bracket, all the sizes of wires except .016'X.022' were inserted and tested. The following conclusions could be drawn from this study. 1. The moments generated on the same size of the wires by the same active torque were equal regardless of the bracket slot size. 2. The moments were increased with the size of the wires. The moment generated on the .021'X.025' wire was about 1.75 times as large as that on the .016'X.022' wire regardless of the material. 3. The moments were increased in the order of the NiTi, TMA stainless steel. The moment of the TMA wire was 0.35 times as small as that of the stainless steel wire and the moment of the NiTi was0.16 times as small as that of the stainless steel wire. 4. The moment was decreased as the interbracket distance was increased. 5. To get a desired moment with the specific size and material of the wire on the specific bracket slot, the formula and the results were displayed.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.32 no.6 s.95
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• pp.401-411
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• 2002

Precise bracket positioning is essential in modem orthodontics. However, there can be alterations in the vertical position of a bracket due to several reasons. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of variations in the vertical bracket position on the crown inclination in Korean patients with normal occlusion. From a larger group of what was considered to be normal occlusions obtained from the Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University, each of the final 10 subjects (6 males and 4 females, with an average age of 22.3 yews) was selected. The dental models of each of the subjects were scanned three-dimensionally by a laser scanner, and measurements drawn from these were made on the scanned dental casts of the subjects were input into the computer program. From this the occlusal plane and the bracket plane were determined. The tooth plane was then constructed to measure the crown inclination on the bracket plane of each tooth. From a practical standpoint, information was obtained on the extent to which the torque of a tooth would be changed as the bracket position was to be moved vertically (in ${\pm}0.5mm,\;{\pm}1.0mm,\;{\pm}1.5mm$) from its ideal position. A one way analysis of the variance (ANOVA) was used to compare each group of the different vertical distances from the bracket plane on a specific tooth. Duncan's multiple comparison test was then performed. There were statistically significant differences in the crown inclination among the groups of different vertical distances for the upper central incisor, upper lateral incisor, upper canine, upper first and second molars, lower first and second premolars, and lower first and second molars (p<0.05). On the upper anterior teeth, upper molars, lower premolars and lower molars, the resultant torque values due to the vertical displacement of the bracket were different depending on the direction of the displacement, occlusal or gingival. This study implies that the torque of these teeth should be handled carefully during the orthodontic treatment. In circumstances in which the bracket must be positioned more gingivally or occlusally due to various reasons, it would be useful to provide the chart of torque alteration of each tooth referred to in this study with its specified bracket prescription.