• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.262-269
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• 2016

This study examined the influent of a sulfur denitrification reactor using nitrified effluent from a batch type reactor. The denitrification efficiency was compared according to the injection type. The nitrogen removal effects were compared with the changes in the EBCT and nitrogen concentration of the influent to determine the optimal operation conditions with the selected injection type. A denitrification efficiency evaluation of a reactor according to the change in injection type and up-flow was performed using a lower organic concentration of the effluent than the down-flow because of the re-precipitation of desorbed microbes and spilled solids. In the up-flow type, organics were controlled by the low concentration than the down-flow type because of solid re-precipitation. The T-N removal efficiency of the up-flow type was 73.3~90.2%, which was more that 10% higher that down-flow type. This means that the up-flow type has a great advantage in removing T-N and organics. The T-N removal efficiency by EBCT at 1hr was 47.3%, and was 88.1% and 90.5% by EBCT 3hr and 5hr, respectively. Therefore, the optimal operation conditions to remove nitrogen was considered to be EBCT for 3hr. After careful consideration of rule of law and T-N removal effects, the T-N load factor in the reactor should remain below $0.443kgT-N/m^3{\cdot}day$ to maintain the legal total nitrogen concentration for discharge, which is 20mg/L.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.752-756
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• 2006

The independent anoxic reactor was introduced in biological aerated filters as the regulation of water quality requirement, especially total nitrogen, had been strengthened. The process studied in this work was upflow $Biobead^{(R)}$ process which was used commercial invented for removal of organic materials and nitrification. For the purpose of evaluating the independent anoxic reactor, PCR-DGGE, of the molecular biological methods, was performed. Two types of nitrite reductase genes were selected. One is nirS represented cytocrome $cd_1$ nitrite reductase gene and the other is nirK represented Cu-containing nitrite reductase gene. Denitrifier community in the independent anoxic reactor was analyzed with PCR-DGGE using these two denitrifying functional genes. As the result of the PCR, only nirS gene was detected between nirS and nirK. With the result of the DGGE, specific bands became strong, as the operating days were longer, nitrate loading rate was increased. otherwise those of the initial activated sludge showed various bands. In the consequence of the sequence of DGGE bands, various denitrifiers were sequenced in the initial activated sludge, while specific denitrifiers like alcaligenes faecalis were predominant in the anoxic reactor. Consequently, introduction of the independent anoxic reactor made it possible to achieve 96% denitrification efficiency, and was proper for the modification of BAF process.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.409-414
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• 2006

Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were enumerated and isolated from a steady-state anaerobic master culture reactor (MCR) operated for over six months under a semi-continuous mode and nitrate-limiting conditions using thiosulfate as an electron donor. Most are Gram-negative bacteria, which have sizes up to 12 m. Strains AD1 and AD2 were isolated from the plate count agar (PCA), and strains BD1 and BD2 from the solid thiosulfate/nitrate medium. Based on the morphological, physiological, FAME and 16S rDNA sequence analyses, the two dominant strains, AD1 and AD2, were identified as Paracoccus denitrificans and Paracoccus versutus (formerly Thiobacillus versutus), respectively. From the physiological results, glucose was assimilated by both strains AD1 and AD2. Heterotrophic growth of strains AD1 and AD2 could be a more efficient way of obtaining a greater amount of biomass for use as an inoculum. Even though facultative autotrophic bacteria grow under heterotrophic conditions, autotrophic denitrification would not be reduced.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5610-5614
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• 2012

Performance of catalyst was studied with various operating conditions for selective catalytic reduction of $NO_x$ with $NH_3$. It is confirmed that catalysts containing Mn and Cu have a good efficiency in the usage of oxygen by the $H_2$-TPR analysis. In the case of catalyst #1, $NO_x$ conversion was decrease with the increase of reaction temperature. But in the case of catalyst #2, $NO_x$ conversion was increased and then remained constant with the increase of reaction temperature. This phenomenon is due to the difference of the $NH_3$ oxidation of both catalysts.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.85-90
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• 1998

Pseudomonas sp. KH2-2 had the denitrifying ability adn was isolated from the denitrifier consortium in order to remove nitrogen compounds from waste water in aquaculture system. When this strain was reached stationary phase, it has the maxium denitrification activity. Denitrification activity of the isolated strain was shown the growth associated pattern. Optimal temperature for cell growth and denitrification activity was 40$\circ$C and optimal pH was 7.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.377-381
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• 2006

실험실 규모의 토양컬럼을 사용하여 도금폐수처리장의 유출수를 대상으로 처리한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 유입수 $NH_4-N$의 대부분은 질산화 토양컬럼에서 질산화 되었으며 HRT가 단축되면 제거율이 낮아졌다. 2) 질산화 토양컬럼에서 생성된 $NO_3-N$은 탈질 토양컬럼에서 탄소원이 없으면 탈질이 이루어지지 않지만 탄소원으로 메탄올을 주입하면 대부분의 $NO_3-N$는 탈질되었다. 3) 탈질 토양컬럼에서 HRT 72시간일때 T-N 제거율은 81.5%이었고 HRT 48시간일 때는 77.8%이었다. 4) 유입수 평균 T-P농도는 13.06 mg/L이고 탈질 토양컬럼에서의 유출수 평균 T-P는 0.83 mg/L로 제거율은 96.83% 이었다. 5) 실험기간 동안의 COD변화는 탄소원으로 메탄올 주입했 때와 HRT 변화시를 제외하고는 25 mg/L이하로 처리되었으며, 질산화 토양컬럼에는 폐굴껍질을 충진한 결과 $NO_3-N$의 생성에도 불구하고 pH 8.5정도를 유지할 수 있었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.461-465
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• 2003

Five denitrifying bacteria, which were identified as Pseudomonas sp., were isolated by the enrichment culture technique. The most effective denitrifying bacterium was named as Pseudomonas DWS, which was cultivated at anoxic condition. The optimal growth temperature and pH were 30$^{\circ}C$ and 7-8, respectively. Cell growth almost revealed a stationary phase at 18 hours after cultivation and nitrate was degrade 99.9％ during this period. Therefore, it is suggested that Pseudomonas DWS could be effectively used for the biological treatment of wastewater containing nitrogen compounds.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.81-96
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• 2011

Sediment oxygen demand(SOD) and denitrification rates were measured in four major estuaries(Suncheon Bay, Seomjin river estuary, Goseong stream estuary and Masan Bay) in south coast of Korean peninsula from March of 2009 to May 2010 to estimate organic matter cleaning capacity. SOD was estimated from the temporal dissolved oxygen concentration change and isotopic pairing technique was employed to measure denitrification. Sediment oxygen demand(SOD) was ranged from -5.1 to 24.6 mmole $O_2m^{-2}d^{-1}$ and denitrification rate was ranged from 0.0 to 3.9 mmole $N_2m^{-2}d^{-1}$in the study area. SOD was the highest in Masan Bay(-2.2 to 19.2, average = 10.2 mmole $O_2m^{-2}d^{-1}$) and Suncheon, Goseong, Tae-an and Seomjin followed. Denitrification was also the highest in Masn Bay(0.0 to 3.9, average = 1.0 mmole $N_2m^{-2}d^{-1}$) and Goseong, Seomjin, Suncheon and Taean followed. The effect of benthic photosynthesis by microphytobenthos on denitrification was evident in some season of Tae-an, Seomjin, and Masn Bay. The increased oxygen level produced by photosynthesis stimulated nitrification without severe adverse effect on denitrification and, as a result, coupled nitrification and denitrification was enhanced in these areas. A difference of seasonal patterns of denitrification at each site depended on relative importance of denitrification on different nitrate source($D_w$: nitrate from water column and $D_n$: nitrated produced during nitrification). Denitrification was maximum during spring in Goseong, Suncheon and Masan Bay. On the contrary, denitrification was the highest during summer in Tae-an and Seomjin estuary.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.231-239
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• 2006

In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of using sulfur-$CaCO_3$ complex pellet in the sulfur oxidizing autotrophic denitrification process for synthetic wastewater with high $CaCO_3$ concentration. The sulfur-$CaCO_3$ complex pellet was packed in reactor(R4). Influent ${NO_3}^--N$ loading rate was from 200 to $1,000g/m^3{\cdot}day$. During the operation, average denitrification efficiency of R4 was above 95%. Particularly, the denitrififation rate at $1,000g/m^3{\cdot}day$ loading was 98.96% for R4. High ${NO_3}^--N$ removal efficiency was determined in R4 compared with other reactors. Through $Ca^{2+}$ and alkalinity analyses, we calculated the supplied alkalinity from the packed $CaCO_3$ in the reactor. Sulfur-$CaCO_3$ complex pellet more effectively supplied alkalinity through the dissociation of $CaCO_3$ as compared with other media. Based on these results, sulfur-$CaCO_3$ complex pellet increased the pH buffering capacity while also providing the carbon source to the denitrifying bacteria. Denitrification efficiency of R4 was also higher than other reactors. ESEM pictures of sulfur-$CaCO_3$ complex pellet show higher porosity than that of the granular sulfur. Hence, more denitrifying bacteria attached on the sulfur-$CaCO_3$ complex pellet than on granular sulfur. It can be concluded that the sulfur-$CaCO_3$ complex pellet is a more suitable media for a sulfur oxidizing autotrophic denitrification process as it provides high denitrification efficiency.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.296-297
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• 2000

순환여과 시스템에서 사육어가 먹이를 섭취한 후 사육수 중에 배설하는 암모니아는 생물 여과조에서 질산화과정에 의해 독성이 적은 질산염으로 축적되는데, 이러한 질산염도 고농도로 축적되면 어류의 성장에 영향을 미치게 된다. 이 실험에서는 생물여과조에 탈질 시스템을 장치하여 효과적인 질산염 제거(Arbia and van Rijn, 1995; Whitson et al., 1993)를 위한 탈질 조건별 사육수질변화 및 이에 따른 실험어인 조피볼락, Sebastes schlegeli 및 큰민어, Nibea japonica의 성장에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. (중략)