• Title/Summary/Keyword: 탄소 배출

Search Result 1,085, Processing Time 0.023 seconds

Optimization Process Models of CHP and Renewable Energy Hybrid Systems in CES (구역전기 사업시 CHP와 신재생에너지 하이브리드 시스템의 최적공정 모델)

  • Lee, Seung Jun;Kim, Lae Hyun
    • Journal of Energy Engineering
    • /
    • v.26 no.2
    • /
    • pp.99-120
    • /
    • 2017
  • In SS branch of Korea District Heating Corporation, Combined Heat & Power power plant with 99MW capacity and 98Gcal / h capacity is operated as a district electricity business. In this region, it is difficult to operate the generator due to the problem of surplus heat treatment between June and September due to the economic recession and the decrease in demand, so it is urgent to develop an economical energy new business model. In this study, we will develop an optimized operation model by introducing a renewable energy hybrid system based on actual operation data of this site. In particular, among renewable energy sources, fuel cell (Fuel Cell) power generation which can generate heat and electricity at the same time with limited location constraints, photovoltaic power generation which is representative renewable energy, ESS (Energy Storage System). HOMER (Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources) program was used to select the optimal model. As a result of the economic analysis, 99MW CHP combined cycle power generation is the most economical in terms of net present cost (NPC), but 99MW CHP in terms of carbon emission trading and renewable energy certificate And 5MW fuel cells, and 521kW of solar power to supply electricity and heat than the supply of electricity and heat by 99MW CHP cogeneration power, it was shown that it is economically up to 247.5 billion won. we confirmed the results of the improvement of the zone electricity business condition by introducing the fuel cell and the renewable energy hybrid system as the optimization process model.

Interaction Between Plants and Rhizobacteria in Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal- Contaminated Soil (중금속 오염 토양의 식물상 복원에 있어 식물과 근권세균의 상호작용)

  • Koo So-Yeon;Cho Kyung-Suk
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
    • /
    • v.34 no.2
    • /
    • pp.83-93
    • /
    • 2006
  • In heavily industrialized areas, soil sites are contaminated with high concentrations of heavy metals. These pollutants are highly accumulated to the human body through the food web and cause serious diseases. To remove heavy metals from the soil, a potential strategy is the environmental friendly and cost effective phytoremediation. For the enhancement of remediation efficiency, the symbiotic interaction between the plant and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has been attended. In this review, the interaction of the plant and PGPR in the heavy metal-contaminated soil has been reviewed. The physicochemical and biological characteristics of the rhlzosphere can influence directly or indirectly on the biomass, activity and population structure of the rhizobacteria. The root exudates are offered to the soil microbes as useful carbon sources and growth factors, so the growth and metabolism of rhizobacteria can be promoted. PGPR have many roles to lower the level of growth-inhibiting stress ethylene within the plant, and also to provide iron and phosphorus from the soil to plant, and to produce phytohormone such as indole acetic acid. The plant with PGPR can grow better in the heavy metal contaminated soil. Therefore higher efficiency of the phytoremediation will be expected by the application of the PGPR.

A Study of Improving Combustion Stability with Sonic Wave Radiation (음파를 이용한 연소 안정성 개선에 관한 연구)

  • Min, Sun-ki
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
    • /
    • v.21 no.8
    • /
    • pp.401-406
    • /
    • 2020
  • NOx (nitrogen oxide) in the exhaust gas engines causes severe air pollution. NOx is produced under high-temperature combustion conditions. EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) is normally used to reduce the combustion temperature and NOx production. As the EGR ratio increases, the NOx level becomes low. On the other hand, an excessively high EGR ratio makes the combustion unstable resulting in other air pollution problems, such as unburned hydrocarbon and higher CO levels. In this study, the improvement of fuel droplets moving by the radiation of sonic waves was studied for the stable combustion using analytic and experimental methods. For the analytical study, the effects of the radiation of a sonic wave on the fuel droplet velocity were studied using Fluent software. The results showed that the small droplet velocity increased more under high-frequency sonic wave conditions, and the large droplet velocity increased more under low-frequency sonic wave conditions. For the experimental study, the combustion chamber was made to measure the combustion pressure under the sonic wave effect. The measured pressure was used to calculate the heat release rate in the combustion chamber. With the heat release rate data, the heat release rate increased during the initial combustion process under low-frequency sonic wave conditions.

Methane Mitigation Technology Using Methanotrophs: A Review (Methanotrophs을 이용한 메탄 저감 기술 최신 동향)

  • Cho, Kyung-Suk;Jung, Hyekyeng
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
    • /
    • v.45 no.3
    • /
    • pp.185-199
    • /
    • 2017
  • Methane, which is emitted from natural and anthropogenic sources, is a representative greenhouse gas for global warming. Methanotrophs are widespread in the environment and play an important role in the biological oxidation of methane via methane monooxygenases (MMOs), key enzymes for methane oxidation with broad substrate specificity. Methanotrophs have attracted attention as multifunctional bacteria with promising applications in biological methane mitigation technology and environmental bioremediation. In this review, we have summarized current knowledge regarding the biodiversity of methanotrophs, catalytic properties of MMOs, and high-cell density cultivation technology. In addition, we have reviewed the recent advances in biological methane mitigation technologies using methanotrophs in field-scale systems as well as in lab-scale bioreactors. We have also surveyed information on the dynamics of the methanotrophic community in biological systems and discussed the various challenges pertaining to methanotroph-related biotechnological innovation, such as identification of suitable methanotrophic strains with better and/or novel metabolic activity, development of high-cell density mass cultivation technology, and the microbial consortium (methanotrophs and non-methanotrophs consortium) design and control technology.

Review on Risks of Perchlorate and Treatment Technologies (퍼클로레이트(Perchlorate)의 위해성과 저감기술 소개)

  • Shin, Kyung-Hee;Son, Ah-Jeong;Cha, Daniel K.;Kim, Kyoung-Woong
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
    • /
    • v.29 no.9
    • /
    • pp.1060-1068
    • /
    • 2007
  • Perchlorate contamination in aquatic system is a growing concern due to the human health and ecological risks associated with perchlorate exposure. In spite of potential risks associated with perchlorate, drinking water standard has not been established worldwide. Recently, US EPA has issued new protective guidance for cleaning up perchlorate contamination with a preliminary clean-up goal of 24.5 ppb. In Korea, the drinking water standard and discharge standard for perchlorate has not been established yet and little information is available to address perchlorate problems. Perchlorate treatment technologies include ion exchange, microbial reactor, carbon adsorption, composting, in situ bioremediation, permeable reactive barrier, phytoremediation, and membrane technology. The process description, capability, and advantage/disadvantages of each technology were described in detail in this review. One of recent trends in perchlorate treatment is the combination of available treatment options such as combined microbial reduction and permeable reactive burier. In this review, we provided a brief perspective on perchlorate treatment technology and to identify an efficient and cost-effective approach to manage perchlorate problem.

A Study on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Pyrolysis Oil-Ethanol and Pilot Diesel (바이오원유-에탄올/파일럿 디젤유 이종연료 혼소를 통한 디젤엔진의 연소 및 배출가스 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Min-Jae;Lee, Seok-Hwan;Cho, Jeong-Kwon;Yoon, Jun-Kyu;Lim, Jong-Han
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
    • /
    • v.18 no.5
    • /
    • pp.420-427
    • /
    • 2017
  • Recently, the depletion of fossil fuels, global warming and environmental pollution have emerged as a worldwide problem, and studies of new renewable energy sources have been progressed. Among the many renewable energy sources, the use of bio fuel has the potential to displace fossil fuels due to low price, easy to handle, and the abundant sources. Pyrolysis oil (PO) derived from waste wood and sawdust is considered an alternative fuel for use in diesel engines. On the other hand, PO is limited to diesel engines because of its low cetane number, high viscosity, high acidity, and low energy density. Therefore, to improve its poor properties, PO was mixed with alcohol fuels, such as ethanol. Early mixing with ethanol has the benefit of improving the storage and handling properties of the PO. Furthermore, a PO-ethanol blended fuel was injected separately, which can be fired through pilot-injected diesel in a dual-injection diesel engine. The experimental results showed that the substitution of diesel with blended fuel increases the amount of HC and CO, but reduces the NOx and PM significantly.

Study of Biomass Estimation in Forest by Aerial Photograph and LiDAR Data (항공사진과 Lidar 데이터를 이용한 산림지역의 바이오매스 추정에 관한 연구)

  • Chang, An-Jin;Kim, Hyung-Tae
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
    • /
    • v.11 no.3
    • /
    • pp.166-173
    • /
    • 2008
  • Recently, problem of earth environment being attended with international issue, people are concerned about the environmentally-friendly and renewable biomass energy. Especially, the forest biomass is more important because Korea have to control carbon footprint for Kyoto Protocol and Convention on Climate Change. In case of Korea, forest area covers the land about 2/3 of all country. It is needed that more economical and efficient method to estimate the biomass by remote sensing data which include wide coverage and is progressed by one-step. In this study, we estimate forest biomass with LiDAR data and aerial photograph. Three biomass equation is used and estimate mean biomass of single tree and entire biomass in plots. The results are compared with field data. $R^2$ of the mean biomass of single tree is greater than 0.8 and that of entire biomass in plots is greater than 0.65. In conclusion, the method using remote sensing data is verified more economical and efficient than previous field data method.

  • PDF

Cities as Place for Climate Mitigation and Adaptation: A Case Study of Portland, Oregon, USA (기후완화와 적용의 장소로서의 도시 - 미국 오레건주 포트랜드시 사례연구 -)

  • Chang, Hee-Jun;House-Peters, Lily
    • Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
    • /
    • v.45 no.1
    • /
    • pp.49-74
    • /
    • 2010
  • Cities are major sources of greenhouse gas emissions but also suitable places for implementing proactive climate mitigation and adaptation strategies. Based on the interdisciplinary review of literature, we categorize the current discussion about urban climate mitigation and adaptation planning, policy and practices into four perspectives - sustainability science, global change science, multilevel governance, and structural engineering. While these four schools of thought have distinct perspectives rooted in different disciplinary lenses, our synthesis of the literature identifies several universal themes that are common to all of the perspectives in the context of combating threats posed by climate change. The Portland case study illustrates that a city can make changes to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase adaptive capacity to climate change impacts by implementing smart growth, devising local climate action plans that target emission reductions in various sectors, recognizing the interactions and influences of multiple scales of governance, and supporting the installation of various green infrastructures that contribute to green economy. Furthermore, a university can serve as a hub in this climate mitigation and adaptation arena by connecting various levels of community organizations in both public and private sectors, creating innovative research centers and spatially explicit green infrastructure, designing impact assessments and campus carbon inventories, and engaging students and the larger community through service learning.

A Strategy for Official Development Assistance in Forest Sector based on Evaluation by Field in Korea (한국의 산림 분야별 평가와 이에 기초한 산림 공적개발원조 발전 방안)

  • Yoo, Byoung Il;Yoon, Bo Eun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
    • /
    • v.103 no.4
    • /
    • pp.646-654
    • /
    • 2014
  • The purpose of this study was to draw policy implications for the development and expansion of Korea's forest ODA through investigating the perceptions of stakeholder on the fields that contributed the development of forestry in Korea and would have competitiveness in developing countries and priority fields for Korea's forest ODA. For this, the survey was conducted for 248 subjects from the general and expert stakeholder groups. Chi-square test in cross analysis, independent sample t-test, ANOVA and Duncan test were conducted to compare the difference of perceptions by group. The whole general and expert groups consider that 'forest conservation and rehabilitation' contributed to the development of Korea's forestry most and consider its global competitiveness most high. Comparing expert groups, ODA experts evaluated the competitiveness of 'capacity building for policies, institutions and research' higher than the forestry experts. For priority fields of Korea's forest ODA, general groups perceived 'management of CERs' and 'conservation of biodiversity' most important, showing the clear difference in perception compared to that of experts. In Conclusion, for the effective forest ODA of Korea, the effort to fill the gap between the general and expert groups needs to be made, as well as developing forestry capacity building programs to cope with the fields such as climate change adaptation and biodiversity conservation, which is newly required in a global society, in addition to using the past experience of forest rehabilitation in Korea. It will be useful for the rehabilitation of North Korea's forest in the future.

Economic Evaluations for the Carbon Dioxide-involved Production of High-value Chemicals (이산화탄소를 활용한 고부가화합물 제조기술의 경제성 평가연구)

  • Lee, Ji Hyun;Lee, Dong Woog;Gyu, Jang Se;Kwak, No-Sang;Lee, In Young;Jang, Kyung Ryoung;Choi, Jong Shin;Shim, Jae-Goo
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
    • /
    • v.52 no.3
    • /
    • pp.347-354
    • /
    • 2014
  • Economic evaluation of the manufacturing technology of high-value chemicals through the carbonation reaction of carbon dioxide contained in the flue gas was performed, and analysis of the IRR (Internal Rate of Return) and whole profit along the production plan of the final product was conducted. Through a carbonation reaction with sodium hydroxide that is generated from electrolysis and by using carbon dioxide in the combustion gas that is generated in the power plant, it is possible to get a high value products such as sodium bicarbonate compound and also to reduce the carbon dioxide emission simultaneously. The IRR (Internal Rate of Return) and NPV (Net Present Value) methods were used for the economic evaluation of the process which could handle carbon dioxide of 100 tons per day in the period of the 20 years of plant operation. The results of economic evaluation showed that the IRR of baseline case of technology was 67.2% and the profit that obtained during the whole operation period (20 years) was 346,922 million won based on NPV value. When considering ETS due to the emissions trading enforcement that will be activated in 2015, the NPV was improved to a 6,000 million won. Based on this results, it could be concluded that this $CO_2$ carbonation technology is an cost-effective technology option for the reduction of greenhouse gas.