• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.45
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• pp.479-496
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• 2016

The aim of this essay was to investigate Marlow's desire for constructing enlightenment subject of knowledge and power sustained by the collusion of imperialism and patriarchy in Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness. Marlow's narrative, based on his journey up the river in Africa to retrieve Kurtz, attempts to conceptualize himself as the subject of the enlightenment reason and rationality. In the novella, collusive network of ideologies of empire and gender contributes to the making of a Western Enlightenment subject. Marlow eulogizes himself for realizing the harsh realities of imperialism, political domination and economic exploitation of the natives in Africa. However, Marlow is a colonial subject who has been ruled by the hierarchical system of thought in the Western logocentrism. He is not aware that his narrative has already been infiltrated by the ideological discourse of the totalitarian enlightenment. His narrative in effect is not a self-congratulatory testimony to truth and realities but a narcissistic and self-defeating document. Marlow unconsciously employs the totalitarian ideologies of empire and gender in order to relegate the African natives to the inhuman existence and to consign women to the sphere of illusion.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.57-83
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to elucidate the meaning of school dropout which teenager unmarried mothers have been experiencing. Thus, the researchers conducted in-depth interviews of 6 unmarried mothers to portray vividly their voices and the data were analyzed using a qualitative case study. Acording to the results, the meaning of school dropout of teenager unmarried mothers was redefined as the matter of "identity and status deprivation". Also, their school dropout expediences should be analyzed in the more extended perspective beyond the negative meaning of the existing studies. This meant " the one sided exclusion from academic community." This could be drawn with the implications that the exclusion acted as the inner mechanism of another social exclusion and their school dropout served as the bondages of their lifetime. That is, the problem of school dropout has the meaning of 'the present tense' and 'the future tense' simultaneously. Within this context, the phenomenon in which they experienced was acting as the foundation of a continuous exclusion and discrimination. Also, it was found that our society applied its standards to them unilaterally and they came to live as otherness through their pregnancy. Based on these results, this study has an important significance in that it overcame the limitations of previous research and investigated their subjective worlds.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.129
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• pp.53-82
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• 2014

This paper analyzes the concept of Lacanian subject and the structural definition of sexual difference between man and woman, and criticizes some problems of those definitions. It seems to me, to do so, that it is important to know precisely the core terms of psychoanalysis quoted by Lacan. We should analyze the basic meanings and the relation of the Imaginary, Symbolic and the Real, of ideal ego and ego ideal, of phallus and signifier, of desire and the other, of consciousness and unconsciousness, of alienation and separation, etc. I'm going to discuss the relation between the Imaginary and the ideal ego in chapter 2, and then, deal with the relation between the Symbolic and the ego ideal in chapter 3. I'll explain both similarity and difference between the ideal ego and ego ideal through those discussions. In chapter 4, I'm planning to explain the relation among the other, desire and the subject of unconsciousness. In chapter 5, I'll analyze the meaning of phallus and signifier. I'll criticize the Lacanian structural definition of sexual difference on the basis of the work made in former chapters. These discussions will lead to my final conclusion that the concept of Lacanian subject and the structural definition of sexual difference are only dependent on reductionism regarding everything as symbolic, which has in itself a lot of contradiction. In order that All discussions about sexual difference have at least a objective meaning, they have to rely on anatomical differences between man and woman.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.42
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• pp.151-185
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to reveal the aspects of "Children" in Saseolsijo and its historical implication in Korean Classical Poetry. What was discussed can be summarized as follows: There are two types of children in Saseolsijo, one is silent, and the other is speaking. The silent child characteristics are such as being called and addressed by the poetic narrator, customary audience, passive attitude, etc. The speaking child characteristics are speaking subject, active attitude as sign of modernity. These phenomenon simply expose the differences of aesthetic order. The silent children is mainly to be utilized as a device to maximize the lyricism of the text as an ideologically product by the inner request of the poetic narrator and show identification discourse. The speaking child, gives the dynamics in text by heterogeneous discourse and informs aesthetic distance between "the reader and the text" as well and show distance discourse. These fragments from Saseolsijo's children are also found in previous genres. In the case of Hyangga, 'children' speak for solving others' desire but are targeted by poetic narrator as well. In the case of Goryosokyo, 'children' show activity and efforts to break forced silence by the poetic narrator through voluntary speaking. In Sijo's case, unlike other genres, some literary works show contents about disciplining children and the growth of children. However mostly targeted children by the poetic narrator are predominantly appeared from the discourse perspective. These aspects of children in previous genres including some of works in Saseolsijo are mainly associated with the appearance of medieval children. Unlike these, the new aspects of Saseolsijo's children show the cross-section of the signs of transition contemporary, from medieval to modern. Even if there are few literary works in these, speaking children with activity reveals novelty over medieval-imposed 'child-ness' by showing 'self', 'individual desire' strongly. This novelty is far from infants of the modern concept as naive and innocent children but these children are noted in that they show a part of modernity through various voices in the text, the comic(laughter), multiple point views, etc.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1475-1481
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• 2013

A subject always follows desire caused by primal lack which exceeds its desire on survival. At this time, the immediacy provided by vision and the excellence of information become important means in mediating the object of the desire. The subject who is attracted to the vision and image toward desire cannot get out of the trap of the image. When the film raised unconsciousness to pleasure while reproducing the desire of 'mirror image', the digital image presents a virtual experience on the desire of subject by dominating audience with its perfect image regardless of the existence of the object. This study attempted to prove that unconsciousness of subject has close relation with digital image, which takes other's desire as its own by wrongly identifying other's desire as its own desire and captivates subject by the experience of desiring. According to the result of study, digital image escalates the imaginary desire of subject through the virtuality of image close to reality and captivates subject by giving pleasure to the unconsciousness of subject as a path in going along with the desire of other.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.41
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• pp.223-246
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• 2014

The main concern of classical Confucianism, which has Kongzi as its main thinker, is how one can attain moral perfection. In this respect, all of the Confucian teachings can be characterized as an attempt to expound the nature of sages or gentlemen who are believed to attain moral perfection. In Confucianism, de 德 (moral virtue) refers to moral principles or the attributes of things, and it also signifies moral qualities and abilities of humans which are believed to be bestowed by the moral source. Kongzi substantiated the details and practical methods of de, through his teachings of ren as its internal principle and li as its external form. in this way, he put a special emphasis on moral practicality of de. To study Kongzi's practical moral teachings focusing on de can be understood as a reflection on current educational issues.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.147-165
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine various types and characteristics of masks and to consider what meanings they have in the recent fashion world. To this end, this study attempts to reflect on the internal meaning of masks exhibited in fashion designers' collections rather than functional meanings. It has an implication; in that it tries to help understand the expressive needs for variety and freshness pursued by modern fashion and use the unique design development to understand the internal meanings of masks. It, therefore, examines the existing domestic and foreign literature and data about masks from a theoretical perspective, and also attempts to draw findings from the data of fashion collections which have been held since the 2000s, as well as from literature research based on books about fashion and various other media. The meanings of masks in the field of fashion are as follows: First, they express identity, by criticizing the couture fashion, through the fashion. Second, they present a new concept of body, showing an illogical and ambiguous identity in which both feminine and masculine images coexist. Third, they are media externally communicating insights about human beings' inner world, through which various messages are transferred to modern people who are attached to external appearances, and the identities possessed by designers are revealed by the masks. Fourth, they ask about a boundary between gender and sexuality, as a means to make us concentrate on the important social issue, while expressing various and new identities, like the hybrid identity. In other words, they can be found to be used as effective media in communicating fashion massages intended by fashion experimental and creative designers.

• Survey Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.45-69
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• 2009

This paper explores how multiple facets of social capital in Korea affects social conflict. The notion of social capital is composed of several elements including (1) social trust in generalized others (2) confidence in public sector fairness and the principles of democracy (3) social networks and closures and (4) community spirit and collective norms. We particularly examine how these multiple dimensions of social capital affect an individual`s tendency of social conflict orientation. The findings address the following four points. First, an individual, who trusts generalized others in a society, is less likely to be exclusive and conflict-oriented. Second, the more an individual has confidence in the efficacy of democratic processes and public sector fairness, the more (s)he is likely to be social integration oriented. When an individual, in contrast, gives strong support to a particular party (or government in power), the person is more likely to be conflict oriented. Third, an individual who mobilizes exclusive social closures to solve a problem is more likely to be conflict oriented. However, an individual who maintains a variety of inclusive social networks is more likely to be social integration oriented. Finally, the internalization of collective norms does not affect directly the tendency of individual's social conflict orientation. Increasing social capital at the individual level does not automatically guarantee societal level conflict resolutions. Rather, building extensive social closures based on strong family or hometown ties, school connections, political interests has detrimental effects on social integration and conflict resolutions. More, constructive social integration in a society requires higher level of open social networks, consistent administrative and democratic procedures, and social trust in generalized others.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.367-379
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• 2012

In baseball rankings, prediction has been a subject of interest for baseball fans. To predict these rankings, (based on 2011 data from Korea Professional Baseball records) the arithmetic mean method, the weighted average method, principal component analysis, and principal component regression analysis is presented. By standardizing the arithmetic average, the correlation coefficient using the weighted average method, using principal components analysis to predict rankings, the final model was selected as a principal component regression model. By practicing regression analysis with a reduced variable by principal component analysis, we propose a rank predictability model of a pitcher part, a batter part and a pitcher batter part. We can estimate a 2011 rank of pro-baseball by a predicted regression model. By principal component regression analysis, the pitcher part, the other part, the pitcher and the batter part of the ranking prediction model is proposed. The regression model predicts the rankings for 2012.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.180-188
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to rethink the common theme that penetrates Faulkner's authorship. That is to say, does his authorship come from "being white"? To answer this question, I try to look into "otherness"/violence against others through re-reading Light in August. By borrowing the idea of "panopticon' mechanism in Michel Foucault's Surveiller et Punir, I will examine the process of justifying the violence against others, especially blacks. Through this process, I try to research the one side of Faulkner's Southern myth which was riddled with the history of pillage and violation of black people's rights. In Light in August, I will compare Jefferson society which encircles Joe Christmas to panopticon mechanism derived from Michel Foucault's Surveiller et Punir. Jefferson society as a designer of surveillance system and an executor as well ceaselessly surveils Joe Christmas's otherness/difference or blackness and tries to punish him whenever they can. With this mechanism, I try to explain that writer's repetitive narration of collective amoral behavior such as lynch comes from his anxiety and conscience about his dark side Southern history.