• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2020

Background: Owing to its high efficiency in lipid and protein production, peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is considered one of most important crops world-wide. The kernels of peanuts are undoubtedly the most important product this plant, whereas the skin is almost completely neglected in nutraceutical terms. However, peanut skin contains potentially health-promoting phenolics and dietary fiber, and there is considerable potential for commercial exploitation. In this study, we evaluated the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of an extract of peanut skin (PS). Methods and Results: The α-glucosidase inhibitory effects of 80% ethanol extracts of peanut (A. hypogaea L. 'Sinpalkwang') skin were evaluated and found to have a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) value of 1.2 ㎍/㎖. Progress curves for enzyme reactions were recorded spectrophotometrically, and the inhibition kinetics revealed time-dependent inhibition with enzyme isomerization. Furthermore, using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry, we identified 26 compounds in the peanut skin extract, namely, catechin, epicatechin, and 24 proanthocyanidins. Conclusions: The results suggest that peanut skin can be utilized as an effective source of α-glucosidase inhibition in functional foods and nutraceuticals.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2015

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of drought stress on the accumulation of glucosinolates (GSLs) in the leaves of Kale cultivated in autumn and spring. HPLC analysis guided to identify seven GSLs including progoitrin, glucoraphanin, sinigrin, gluconapin, glucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin and neoglucobrasscin. Quantification of GSLs revealed that the contents of sigirin was the highest (45%) followed by the level of progoitrin (24%) in terms of total GSLs. The ranges of total GSL contents was 1.16 (84)-15.88 (89 DAS, ${\mu}mol/g$ dry wt. (DW)) in treatment plot and 1.23 (84)-7.05 (74 DAS, ${\mu}mol/g$ dry wt.) in control plot showed the enhancement in the contents of GSLs in treatment than in the control plot. The present results evidenced that the variation of total GSL contents were depending on the harvest period. In 105 DAS, comparatively no differences in the GSL contents on each sample in autumn season, whereas in spring season, although there was decrease in the GSLs tendency from 74 DAS to 84 DAS in both control and treatment plot, the GSL contents of treatment plot was dramatically increased in 89 DAS. In treatment plot, the GSL contents on 89 DAS (1.16) was 15 fold higher to 84 DAS ($15.88{\mu}mol/g$ DW). The variation in the contents of GSL in spring and autumn did not documented significant differences because of their differences in the growth time and cultivation conditions. In conclusion, the GSL contents in kale was likely to be affected by drought stress treatment. Scrutiny and further research for exact relation between drought stress and GSL contents in kale should be needed.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.415-421
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• 2015

Ca is material to used in Chinese cabbage (Brasica rapa L. spp. pekinensis). The variation of inorganic ions and GSLs in Chinese cabbage cultivated to control additional Ca contents in slaked lime. The additional fertilizer of slaked lime differ four grade that 0 g (Ca-0), 0.28 g (Ca-1), 0.56 g (Ca-2), 0.84 g (Ca-3) are week intervals with a total of 8 times after transplanting. Inorganic ions in Chinese cabbage ('Bulam plus') were analyzed to use inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectometry(ICP). The more additional slaked lime input, the more almost macronutrients contents were high except Ca. Ca contents were higher in Ca-0 (153.10) and lower in Ca-3 (130.55 mg/kg dry weight, DW). GSLs were identified based on peak retention time in previous results of our laboratory. Seven GSLs including two aliphatic (gluconapin, glucobrassicanapin), one aromatic (gluconasturtiin), four indolyl (glucobrassicin, neoglucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin) were detected using HPLC. Progoitrin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, and gluconasturtiin contents increased in proportion to the input in additional slaked lime. Total GSLs contents were Ca-0 (11.95), Ca-1 (17.02), Ca-2 (19.63), Ca-3 ($17.11{\mu}mol/g$ dry weight, DW). Total Ca and GSLs contents (Ca-1,2,3; mean 17.92) are higher than non treatment (Ca-0; $11.95{\mu}mol/g$ DW).

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.11-21
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• 1999

This objective of this paper is to investigate the evaluation and indiction of human thermal comfort in building environment. The issue of defining the boundaries of acceptable thermal comfort conditions in buildings and urban may have significant implication for building design and also may have urban design by climate considerations. And then it is to apply the thermal comfort condition to environmental design by using passive methods in Korea. Since 1920. architects have conducted studies to measure thermal comfort in houses under hot and humid conditions, while industrial hygienists have studied the effects of temperature and humidity on the performance of factory workers. Thermal comfort can be influenced by many variables. This paper conducted to review the previous researches and the human heat balance equation, and to analyse in order to reveal the meaning and usage of the thermal comfort index in two traditional essays, Fanger's PMV and Gagge's ET* Their comfort indexes compared with each other. They were based on human heat balance equation and psychological and physiological responses in the laboratory tests. The researchers and the architectural engineers using thermal comfort index shall be careful in decided the use of indexes and be necessary to recognize the value concept of the design criteria for thermal comfort. Therefore, The opinion of the authors is that different comfort standards have to apply for each building and urban with different climatic conditions.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.351-362
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• 2012

행렬 및 벡터공간을 다루는 선형대수학은 사회의 복잡한 현상을 선형화 과정을 거쳐 선형연립방정식이라는 단순한 형태의 수학 문제로 바꾼 후 실제로 해결하는 데 결정적으로 기여한다. 이와 같은 이유로 20세기 중반까지 추상적인 고등수학 과목으로만 여겨지던 선형대수학이 현재는 자연-공학-사회계열 분야 학생의 대부분이 배우는 기본 교과목이 되었다. 본 연구에서는 초기 선형대수학의 발전에 기여한 중국, 일본, 그리고 서양의 수학자들에 대하여 다룬다. 선형대수학은 <산수서>, <구장산술>, 세키 고와, 뫼비우스, 그라스만 실베스터, 케일리 등을 거치면서 비선형적으로 발전해왔다. 우리는 새로 발굴한 내용을 중심으로 초기 선형대수학의 발전과정을 소개한다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.150-158
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• 1998

한국산 맥주 3종류, 일본산 맥주 21종류의 한계 덱스트린을 에탄올 침전법으로 분리하였다. 한계 덱스트린의 양은 평균 1.1%로 전체 당 3.15%의 34.5%를 나타냈다. FPLC 분석 결과 한계 덱스트린은 평균 글루코오스 잔기 25개 정도로 형성된 것으로 나타났다. 1H-NMR 분석으로 한계 덱스트린의 $\alpha$-1, 4-결합에 대한 $\alpha$-1, 6-결합의 비율은 평균 1:0.183을 나타냈다. 한계 덱스트린을 $\alpha$-아밀라아제와 $\alpha$-글로코시다아제로 5시간 가수분해 하여 소화성을 평가한 결과 평균 57.22% 가수분해 되었다. 그 중 한국산 맥주의 한계 덱스트린이 가장 높은 소화성 70.38%를 나타냈다. 아밀라아제로 소화된 부분과 에탄올 침전법으로 상징액으로 제거된 작은 당을 합하면 평균 86%가 소화성 당으로, 14%가 비피두스균 증식 인자로 평가된다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.379-382
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• 2018

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) 감염된 baby hamster kidney 세포에서 Syncytium (합포체) 형성은 세포막 표면으로의 수송된 바이러스 당단백질 hemagglutinin-neuramidase에 의해 일어난다. HAU 값은 추출물의 농도가 25과 $3.2{\mu}g/mL$ 사이에서는 현저하게 감소하였으나, $25{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서는 NDV 감염된 HAD (%)는 광범위한 흡착능의 감소를 나타났으나 바이러스 당단백질의 세포내 생합성은 저해되지 않았다. 그러므로 오배자 추출물은 바이러스 당단백질의 세포막으로의 수송과 함께 합포체 형성을 저해하여 항바이러스 활성을 갖는 것으로 결론된다. 또한 오배자 추출물의 저해활성을 조사한 결과 ${\alpha}-glucosidase$에 대한 추출물의 $IC_{50}$은 $12.5{\mu}g/mL$이었으며, ${\beta}-glucosidase$, ${\alpha}-glucosidase$, ${\beta}-mannosidase$에 대한 오배자 추출물의 $IC_{50}$은 각각 26, 36, $50{\mu}g/mL$로 나타나 ${\beta}-type$ glycosidases 보다 ${\alpha}-type$ glycosidase에 대한 효소활성 저해능이 우수하였다. 따라서 $IC_{50}$ 농도에서는 세포내에서 당단백질 생합성은 저해되지 않으며 당단백질의 수송을 저해하는 것으로 판단되었으며 향후 항바이러스 관련 작용기작의 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.477-479
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• 2018

김치로부터 분리한 Lactobacillus koreensis 26-25 균주의 유전체서열을 분석하였다. 균주 26-25의 유전체는 G + C 비율이 49.23%이며, 2,720개의 유전자와 2,556개의 단백질 코딩 유전자, 85개의 위유전자 그리고 78개의 RNA 유전자를 포함한 단일 원형 염색체로 구성되었으면 그 크기는 3,006,812 bp였다. 균주 26-25는 인삼사포닌의 당 분해에 관여하는 여러 타입의 글라이코시다제 유전자를 가지고 있었다. 이러한 지놈 분석은 주요 진세노사이드가 우수한 약리학적 활성의 미량 진세노사이드로 전환하는데 관여하는 유전자 특징을 이해하는데 큰 기여가 되었다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.465-467
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• 2018

퇴비로부터 분리한 Niabella ginsenosidivorans $BS26^T$ 균주의 유전체서열을 분석하였다. 균주 $BS26^T$의 유전체는 G + C 비율이 44.48%이며, 4,800개의 유전자와 4,704개의 단백질 코딩 유전자, 85개의 위유전자 그리고49개의 RNA유전자를 포함한 단일 원형 염색체로 구성되었으면 그 크기는 5,627,734 bp였다. 균주 $BS26^T$는 인삼사포닌의 당 분해에 관여하는 여러 타입의 글라이코시다제 유전자를 가지고 있었다. 이러한 유전체 분석은 주요 진세노사이드 전환에 관여하는 유전자 특징을 이해하는데 큰 기여가 되었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.36-46
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• 2021

After ethanol (BM-E and RW-E) and hot-water (BM-HW and RW-HW) extracts were fractionated from two herbal mixtures (BM and RW), their physiological activities were investigated. All extracts consisted of more than 50% of neutral sugar, with their total polyphenol levels higher than flavonoid levels. Radical scavenging activities of EtOH extracts remained significantly higher compared to that of hot-water extracts, and in particular, RW-E showed consistently higher antioxidant activity than BM-E. When anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts were evaluated by LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells at 10~500 μg/mL non-cytotoxicity doses, BM-E showed significantly higher levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and nitric oxide inhibitory activity than those of hot-water extracts and RW-E. Murine peritoneal macrophage cells were shown to be enhanced in crude polysaccharides (BM-CP and RW-CP fractionated from BM-HW and RW-HW) compared to hot-water extracts and polysaccharide K (PSK, positive control). Especially, RW-CP exhibited higher activity than BM-CP, and component sugar analysis showed that BM-CP mainly contained galacturonic acid, glucose, arabinose, galactose, and xylose (34.5%, 33.9%, 16.1%, 7.1%, and 6.3%, respectively), whereas RW-CP showed different measurements (29.5%, 59.2%, 5.0%, 4.5%, and 0.2%). In conclusion, two herbal mixtures could contain varying sets of physiological activities dependent on different extraction and fractionation methods.