• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.407-420
• /
• 2014

A survey was carried out regarding university students' recognition of high-caffeine energy drinks in an effort to identify and improve problems as well as provide basic data. Most of the subjects had previous experience of energy drink consumption. Studies showed that most students consumed energy drinks when studying. Regarding frequency of energy drink consumption, most students' responded "1~6 times a year"; female students showed lower frequency of energy drink consumption than male students. Both male and female students used convenience stores to purchase energy drinks. In most cases, students became aware of energy drinks through advertisements on TV, radio, newspapers, and magazines. The most important factor affecting their energy drink purchase and consumption status was taste. The most frequent adverse effect they experienced after drinking an energy drink was unusual heart-pounding, whereas the biggest problem caused by energy drink consumption was addiction. This study indicates that students should have a better understanding of the problems associated with excessive and prolonged high-caffeine intake. In addition, instructions for proper purchasing and consumption of high-caffeine energy drinks should be provided as well as education and campaigns concerning symptoms caused by high-caffeine energy drink consumption so that students may refrain from excessive consumption. Further, civil organizations and the government need to devise effective measures for proper regulation of high-caffeine energy drink consumption.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.50 no.5
• /
• pp.460-471
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate intake-related factors of energy drinks and educational needs regarding energy drinks in female high school students. Methods: Subjects were 340 female high school students in Incheon, and data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 20.0 program. Results: Subjects who had drunk energy drinks were 74.3% (249 subjects) of all subjects. The first time they drank an energy drink was significantly associated with grade (p < 0.05). In 75.1% of 249 subjects who had drunk energy drinks, the places for buying energy drinks were supermarkets and convenience stores near their homes. For the effects of energy drink intake, sleeplessness (44.6%) and no effect (41.7%) were cited, and 24.5% experienced side effects such as palpitation, tremors, etc. The scores for self-diagnosis of caffeine addiction were significantly higher in the low weight group compared to the overweight group (p < 0.05). The degree of caffeine addiction was significantly associated with effects of energy drink intake (p < 0.001) and type of side effects (p < 0.001). Willingness to stop consuming energy drinks (p < 0.001) and necessity of nutrition education about energy drinks (p < 0.05) were significantly lower in the caffeine addiction group compared to the general group. About 75.0% of subjects wanted to be educated about the side effects of energy drinks and caffeine. Conclusion: This study shows that female high school students need proper education about the effects of intake of energy drinks. Therefore, guidelines and a nutrition education program right intake of energy drinks should be provided as well as campaigns concerning the side effects of energy drinks and caffeine in female high school students.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.709-720
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to identify daily caffeine intakes in beverages for elementary school children and to evaluate its effectiveness after nutrition education. The caffeine contents of 140 commercial beverages were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV) and information about their consumption were obtained by surveying 267 children. Researchers gave nutrition education to the children, who were 6 to 11 years old and attended 9 classes of 3 elementary schools, by lecture, Powerpoint file and moving picture. Their preference and intake amount on beverages were investigated by questionnaire before and after nutrition education. The order on caffeine contents was coffee ($33.8{\pm}2.4{\sim}49.1{\pm}5.6\;mg/100\;mL$)> coffee milk ($10.6{\pm}3.3\;mg/100\;mL$)> cola ($6.0{\pm}2.4\;mg/100\;mL$)> green black oolong tea drink ($6.0{\pm}2.4\;mg/100\;mL$)> chocolate milk and chocolate drink ($1.6{\pm}0.7{\sim}1.7\;mg/100\;mL$)> black ice tea mix ($1.3{\pm}1.7\;mg/100\;mL$). The order on children's preference was carbonated drink and fruit and vegetable drink (27%)> sports drink (26%)> processed cocoa mix (7%)> milk (6%)> vitamin & functional drink (3%)> green tea drink (2%)> black tea drink and coffee (1%). The average daily caffeine intakes except tea drink was $5.9{\pm}11.2$ mg/person/day ($0.17{\pm}0.32$ mg/kg bw/day), ranged from $0.0{\sim}80.5$ mg/person/day for children. The sources of caffeine were coffee 57% (3.4 mg/person/day), coffee milk 20% (1.2 mg/person/day), carbonated drink 15% (0.9 mg/person/day), chocolate milk and chocolate drink 6% (0.4 mg/person/day), and vitamin & functional drink 2% (0.1 mg/person/day). After nutrition education, the preference of carbonated drink, coffee, vitamin drinks & functional drink was decreased significantly (p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.01) and the intakes of carbonated drink, chocolate milk & chocolate drink, and vitamin & functional drink were also decreased significantly (p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.01). This study has shown that nutrition education influences the preference and the intake behavior of caffeinated beverages.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.353-361
• /
• 2014

This study was conducted in order to identify the present condition of caffeinated drinks intake including energy drink. Concretely, It was investigated about stress degree, study attitude, sleeping hours by intake degree of caffeinated drinks. Descriptive survey research was designed. A total of 371 students in M university was participated. Data were collected through a questionnaire (from October 22, 2012. to October 26, 2012). The data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, scheffe's test, using the SPSS version 17.0. There were no significant differences between caffeinated drinks intake's degree including energy drink. Most of students thought caffeinated drinks intake have an effect on their health. Intake time of caffeinated drinks was before or after studying or sleepy. Caffeinated drinks intaked mostly alone. Intake causes of canned coffee or energy drink was sleepy and coffee mix, black coffee, coffee flavored milk and green tea was good taste. Stress degree, study attitude, sleeping hours by intake degree of caffeinated drinks were no significant effects between canned coffee, coffee mix, black coffee, green tea and energy drink. But, stress degree by intake degree of coffee flavored milk was significant low when it intakes more than once a day, sleeping hours was significant long when it was nondrinking.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
• /
• 2016.05a
• /
• pp.315-316
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 간호대학생의 카페인 음료의 섭취실태를 파악하고, 학습 집중력과 수면의 질과의 관계를 확인하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 대상자는 한 달 평균 하루 2.45병의 카페인 음료를 섭취하고 있었고 잠을 쫓기 위한 섭취 이유가 집중력이나 학습능력 향상에 도움을 주는 것보다 수면의 질이 더 낮았고, 하루 2병을 섭취하는 경우가 하루 1병을 섭취하는 경우보다 수면의 질이 더 낮았다. 수면의 질은 카페인 섭취 이유, 학습 집중력과 통계적으로 유의한 양의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로, 잠을 쫓기 위한 카페인 음료 섭취 및 하루 2병 이상의 카페인 음료 섭취는 수면의 질을 저하 시키므로 카페인 음료 섭취를 자제하고 수면의 질을 높일 수 있는 대안을 마련하여 학습 집중력의 향상을 도모해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.105-116
• /
• 2014

Surveys on the consumption of caffeinated beverages by high school students (n=886) were performed. Of the students, 97.0% consumed a variety of caffeinated beverages, including carbonated drinks (90.0%), processed milk and cocoa (79.0%), coffee (63.0), teas (52.1), energy drinks (16.4%) and nourishment drinks (15.5%). The frequency of intake per student was 8.2 times per week. Caffeine intake through the caffeinated beverages was 41.53 mg/day, which was accounted for by coffee (51.5%), carbonated drinks (19.6%), processed milk and cocoa (11.5%), teas (11.4%), energy drinks (5.0%) and nourishment drinks (1.1%). Students with high levels of stress, those who consumed snacks twice a day, and those who used a computer (or smart phone) for more than 3 hours per day showed significantly higher caffeine intake. The groups with high caffeine intake experienced heart palpitations, insomnia and pollakiuria. Students indicated that they consumed the caffeinated beverages for the taste (57.9%), waking up (18.0%), thirst (13.2%), etc. (10.9%). They tended to consume drinks with a high content of caffeine to sleep less. In addition, they rarely checked the label, and showed a lack of awareness of the caffeine contents in the beverages, which calls for education.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.35-43
• /
• 2019

This study was conducted in order to identify consumption and experience of adverse effects of high-caffeine energy drink among high school students. This study was a descriptive survey including 245 students in D city. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ${\chi}^2$ test. In the results, 79.5% of the students had previous experience of energy drink consumption. 50.6% of students were experienced adverse effects, mainly palpitation. Among the general characteristics, there was a significant difference according to the experience of high-caffeine energy drink consumption depending on monthly allowance(p=.019) and drinking(p=.033), and a significant difference from adverse effects depending on gender(p=.001) and health condition(p=.006). Also, there was a significant difference according to the experience of adverse effects depending on drinking reason(p=.040) and drinking time(p=.005). After, policy measures are needed to limit the sale of high-caffeine energy drinks and continuous health education is needed to foster the ability of students to control themselves.

• The Safety technology
• /
• no.151
• /
• pp.15-17
• /
• 2010

1886년 애틀랜타의 약제사인 J.S. 펨버턴이 코카의 잎, 콜라의 열매, 카페인 등을 주원료로 하는 음료를 만들어 '코카콜라'라는 이름으로 상품화 하였다. 초기에는 두통을 제거할 응급제로 개발되었지만, 1919년 약제사인 에이서 캔들러가 제조 판매권을 매입하여 현재의 회사조직을 설립하고 청량 음료로서 판매를 개시하기 시작했다. 코카콜라는 지금 전 세계 200여국 이상에서 팔리고 있으며 음료로서는 가장 인지도가 높은 상표로 미국과 자본주의를 상징하기도 한다.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
• /
• 2004.06a
• /
• pp.294-296
• /
• 2004

본 연구에서는 시판되는 녹차 속에 함유된 카페인을 추출하여 그 성분의 비교 분석하였다. 녹차와 탄산음료의 카페인 함량분석 실험에서는 HPLC을 사용하여 실험하였다. 녹차 속 카페인의 함량분석 실험에서는 다사랑 설록차(태평양)에 가장 많은 카페인이 함유되어있었고, 현미녹차(국제)에 가장 적은 카페인이 함유되어 있었다. 또한 탄산음료 속 카페인의 함량분석 실험에서는 코카콜라에 가장 많은 카페인이 들어있고 사이다(칠성)에 가장 적은 카페인이 들어있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.191-199
• /
• 2016

Objectives : Despite the increased popularity of highly caffeinated beverages, there is little research examining psychiatric adverse effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among pattern of highly caffeinated beverage intake and depressive symptom, suicidal ideation, suicidal plan, suicidal attempt in Korean adolescents. Methods : The data was obtained from the 2014 Korean Youth's Risk Behavior Web-based Study by Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. All participants conducted web-based questionnaire survey. Chisquare test and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed to determine the association among highly caffeinated beverage intake pattern, depressive symptom, suicidal ideation, suicidal plan and suicidal attempt adjusting for differences in age, gender, academic achievement, socioeconomic status. Results : A total of 71,638 participants were enrolled in this study. Depressive symptom, suicidal ideation, suicidal plan and suicidal attempt were significantly more frequent in the group with presence of highly caffeinated beverage intake within 1 week than in non-drinker group(p<0.01). Highly caffeinated beverage intake was significantly associated with suicidal attempt(OR=1.99 ; 95% CI, 1.77-2.22). In addition, depressive symptom, suicidal ideation, suicidal plan and suicidal attempt were significantly more common in the group with heavy-drinker who exceed recommended daily intake dose of caffeine than in the group with light-drinker(p<0.01). Heavy drinking of caffeinated beverage was significantly associated with suicidal attempt(OR=4.05 ; 95% CI, 3.02-5.43). Conclusions : We found that highly caffeinated beverage intake was related to more frequent depressive symptom, suicidal ideation, plan, attempt in adolescents. Also, caffeine intake which exceed recommended daily intake dose identified the predictor of suicidal attempt. Our result suggested that clinicians need to be aware of the possible psychiatric adverse effects of highly caffeinated beverage in vulnerable population including young adolescents.