• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.362-371
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify Compassion Fatigue (CF), Somatization, and Silencing Response (SR) among nurses and understand intermediate effects between the variables. Methods: The sample of 240 nurses who were working three shifts in medical and surgical wards, and emergency room were recruited in three hospitals with over 700 beds. A structured questionnaire was used which included CF, Somatization and SR scales. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. Results: There were statistically significant differences in CF, Somatization and SR depending on perceived personal health condition, experience of turnover, co-worker support. There were significant correlations between those study variables. The result also indicated that burnout (${\beta}$=.81, p<.001) which is a part of Secondary Traumatic Stress and Somatization (${\beta}$=.79, p<.001) have the role of partial mediator in the relationship between Secondary Traumatic Stress and Silencing response. Conclusion: The results of study show that an intermediary role by Burnout and Somatization in Silencing response of nurses is important for effective human resource management in hospital nursing staffs. Effective human resource management which includes mentoring and social support system can enhance the professional quality of life of nurses, which will eventually contribute to the quality of care by those care providers and counselors.

• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.209-214
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• 2003

후각은 현대 서구 문화에서 가장 과소평가 되는 감각일 것이다. 1) 냄새는 명명하거나 객관적으로 측정하거나 똑같이 재생하기 어려운 현상이기에, 후각의 영역은 대체로 주관적 묘사와 정서적 기억에 의존한다. 실증주의, 과학ㆍ기술ㆍ발전에 대한 믿음이 강화될수록 냄새는 침묵당해 왔으며, 특히 서구의 지식 엘리트에 의해 그 중요성이 평가되어 왔다. 지리학 분야 역시 이런 경향에서 자유롭지 않을 것이다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Costume Culture Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.78-79
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• 2003

현대에 들어와 몸에 대한 담론은 여러 분야의 학문에서 관심의 대상으로 연구되고 있으며, 몸은 하나의 기호로서, 시각적 언어로서, 사회적 변화의 소재지로서 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 특히 인체의 시각적 재현에 대한 관심은 여성의 누드와 섹슈얼리티의 재현으로 페미니스트들에 의해 확산되었다. 페미니스트 학자들은 과거 역사책 속에서 침묵 당했던 여성들의 경험을 회복하고 서양 문화에서 여성의 위치를 재정립하려는 노력을 기울였다. (중략)

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of head nurses' authentic leadership to nurses' organizational politics perception and organizational silence. Methods: A descriptive research design was used with a convenience sample of 201 nurses. Data were collected from Aug 7 to Sep 13, 2018 using self-reported questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The mean scores of authentic leadership of the head nurses perceived by nurses and nurses' organizational politics perception and organizational silence were 3.44 out of 5, 2.57 out of 5 and 2.62 out of 5, respectively. Nurses' organizational silence was negatively correlated with authentic leadership of the head nurse and positively correlated with nurses' organizational politics perception. Factors influencing on nurses' organizational silence were organizational politics perception, clinical career, authentic leadership of the head nurses and work life satisfaction which explained 38% of the variance. Conclusion: Based on the finding of this study, it is necessary to develop education and intervention programs in order to improve unreasonable and unfair job environment, enhance head nurses' authentic leadership, manage nurses' careers appropriately and raise the level of their work life satisfaction.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.186-197
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• 2010

The things that you cannot miss when reading Chekhov's plays are "pauses" and ellipses lining up in the middle of the lines. I think what meaning to amplify and how to express a great number of "pauses" and ellipses when one directs Chekhov's works may be a crucial element that makes his works more Chekhov-like. First, proper uses of "pauses" and ellipses may be helpful for determining the characteristics of the characters. So silence in Chekhov drama allows his plays considered relatively lacking actions to become totally different drama texts with musical dynamics, that is, functions as directive or acting material to be treated delicately.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.12C
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• pp.1660-1668
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• 2004

This paper proposes a Voice Activity Detection (VAD) algorithm based on Radial Basis Function (RBF) network using dual threshold. The k-means clustering and Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm are used to upade the RBF network to the underlying speech condition. The inputs for RBF are the three parameters in a Code Exited Linear Prediction (CELP) coder, which works stably under various background noise levels. Dual hangover threshold applies in BRF-VAD for reducing error, because threshold value has trade off effect in VAD decision. The experimental result show that the proposed VAD algorithm achieves better performance than G.729 Annex B at any noise level.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.198-207
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide data to establish an efficient manpower management plan so that the organization can identify the influence of organizational silence and professionalism on job embeddedness among nurses in hospital management. Methods: Self-report questionnaires were distributed to 150 nurses in hospital management who were working in general hospitals with less than 900 beds but more than 300 beds in the districts of Seoul and Gyunggi, Gangwon province. Of the questionnaires, 127 out of 150 copies were collected and 120 copies were used for final analysis. Seven were not considered sincere in the responses. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 22.0 statistic program, t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression. Results: Organizational silence and professionalism had significant influence on job embeddedness, which explained 43.4% of job embeddedness. Conclusion: The results indicate that in order to raise job embeddedness, it is necessary to provide various programs to change communication patterns in the nurses in hospital management, and to create environments in which nurses in hospital management can present various opinions.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.247-258
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• 2015

Students are engaged in classroom learning, and classroom learning occurs not only through conversation but also through nonverbal behavior. In science classrooms especially, there are meaningful nonverbal behaviors such as practical activities like observation and measurement. But these behaviors have not been properly investigated by existing instruments that try to measure students' engagement. This study aims to develop a new instrument for analyzing students' behavioral engagement especially in science classrooms. The method of developing the instrument was structured along three steps. First, student behaviors have been classified into fourteen categories through literature review and a series of observation of elementary science classroom. Second, based on these, a framework for analyzing student behavioral engagement has been developed. With the framework, every student moment could be labeled as Participatory Speech or Participatory Silence or Non-Participatory Speech or Non-Participatory Silence. Third, an instrument to which the framework is applied has been developed by using Microsoft Excel. As a trial, two fourth-grade students in elementary science class were analyzed with this instrument. The results of the trial analysis shows that the longest period of a science lesson was occupied by Participatory Silence (63% and 72%). Among the participatory silence, 'listening' was the most common (51% and 42% of the trial lesson) and 'observing' which is a specific behavior to science was the fourth position (17% and 17% of the trial lesson). It is expected that the developed instrument could be used in improving our understanding of the patterns of student engagement in science classrooms.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.42 no.2 s.302
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• pp.11-20
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• 2005

In previous video conference system, when the number of participants in video conference increases by n, the bandwidth and memory of n2 is required. And also, it brings about increase in traffic and problem of a say during a conference in aspect of transmission of voice data. In this paper, we propose an algorithm of remote video conference using silence detection algerian to resolve the questions such as buffering method of video data in server and heavy traffic detection algorithm to the increase in participants. Video data buffering algorithm is not a method of broadcasting to other client in the server, but this algorithm uses two other methods; the buffering method of receiving compressed video data from clients and the indexing method for acquiring the video data of other participants in clients according to clients' bandwidth and network transmission speed. We apply a voice transmission algerian and a channel management algorithm to the remote video conference system. The method used in the voice transmission algorithm is a silence detection algorithm which does not send silent participants' voice data to the server. The channel management algorithm is a method allocating a say to the participants who have priority. In consideration of average 20 frames and 30ms regardless of a number of participants, we can safely conclude that the transmission of video and voice data is stable.

• The Monthly Diabetes
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• s.212
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• pp.8-9
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• 2007

침묵의 살인자로 불리는 당뇨병환자가 우리나라에서도 5백만 명을 넘어선 것으로 추정되고 있다. 70년대 50만 명 수준이던 당뇨병환자가 30년 사이 10배 가까이 늘어난 것이다. 이런 추세라면 15년 뒤인 2020년경에는 당뇨병환자가 천만 명에 달할 것으로 보고 있다. 말 그대로 '당뇨 대란'이 온 것이다. 더욱이 당뇨로 인한 사망률은 인구 10만명당 34.7 명으로 회원국 평균 13.4 명의 2.5배나 돼 OECD 회원국 가운데 가장 높다. 당뇨병환자가 급격히 증가한 것이 원인이지만, 무엇보다 당뇨관리가 부실한 것도 문제이다. 게다가 한국인은 체질적으로도 당뇨병에 취약한 것으로 나타나고 있다.