• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.52-55
• /
• 1981

현재까지도 본질병의 원인체인 Eperythozoon에 대한 생활환 감염경로 및 매체등 역학적인 연구가 되어 있지 않은 상태이다. 더욱이 우리나라에서는 본증의 연구 조사가 거의 전국적 규모에서 이루어져 있지 않은 실정인데, 본인등이 건강돈으로 도살되는 성돈에서 $72\%$의 자연 감염율을 관찰할 수 있었으며, 대단위 양돈장에서 높은 자돈의 치사율을 보이는 본증의 유행상을 경험한 점을 감안할때 앞으로 우리나라에서 효과적인 양돈사업의 육성을 위해서 본질병에 대하여 더욱 관심과 연구를 집중해야 될 줄 믿는다. 또한 본 원인균은 일반 전염병 치료제로 많이 애용되는 Sulfa제나 항생제에 대하여 전혀 감수성이 없으며 매독성이 비소제인 Arsphenamine만이 특효가 있다. 점도 임상수의사들이 관심을 기울여야 할 사항이면, 보다 저독성이며 효과적인 치료제 개발도 시급히 요구되는 실정이라 하겠다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.85-89
• /
• 1979

Myoporum deserti에서 얻어지는 유독성식물류(有毒性植物油)인 ngaione을 체중(體重) 90~110g의 Wistar계(系) 웅성백서(雄性白鼠)에 복강내(腹腔內)로 주입(注入)한 다음 유독성(有毒性)을 조사(調査)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 흰쥐에서의 ngaione의 치사량(致死量) ($LD_{50}$)은 체중(體重) kg당(當) 166mg 이었고 95% 신뢰한계(信賴限界)는 체중(體重) kg당(當) 96~287mg이었다. Ngaione 주입후(注入後) 간장(肝臟)에서 언제나 병변(病變)이 관찰(觀察)되었으며 이들의 병리조직학(病理組織學)적 소견(所見)은 소엽중간부괴사(小葉中間部壞死)(midzonal necrosis)였다. Naaione의 주입양(注入量)이 많은 동물(動物)에서는 자주 위벽(胃壁)(점막하직(粘膜下織))과 대장(大腸)의 일부(一部)에서 산만성출혈(散漫性出血)을 동반(同伴)하고 있었다.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.60-70
• /
• 2012

Zn, Cu, Fe, Al contents of sludges produced from sewage treatment plants and night soil treatment plant in Pocheon City, Gyeong-gi Province were investigated. And the accumulated contents of those metals in the earthworm Eisenia fetida were also investigated while 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 grams(dw) of sludges were cumulatively supplied to the earthworms. Zn contents of sludges were 75.1~196.1 mg/kg, Cu contents 3.74~76.1 mg/kg, Fe contents 219.9~857.8 mg/kg, Al contents 198.4~991.7 mg/kg, all of which would not cause acute toxicity to the earthworm, but could cause sublethal effects on earthworm and reduce the density of next generation's population. However, cumulative supplies of sludges didn't increase the bioaccumulation rates of metals in the earthworm body, and BAFs of those metals after 60g of sludge supply were 0.0~0.43, which meant that the accumulated Zn, Cu, Fe, Al contents in the earthworm were lower than those of sludges.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.177-181
• /
• 2008

Mycotoxins produced by molds isolated from discolored sun-dried red pepper fruits were determined and the toxicity to animals was also tested by feeding mold-grown unpolished rice to rats. Among the mold species tested, only Alternaria alternata was toxic to experimental animals, while other mold species belonging to the genera of Colletotrichum, Diaporthe, Diaporthopsis, Botryosphereia, Aspergillus and Fusarium were not. Rats fed Alternaria-grown rice lost weight and died within two weeks of feeding period. Succumbed rats during the process of feeding study showed extreme cases of enlargements of stomach, small intestine and liver. Among the 17 Alternaria isolates, 8 species produced considerable amount of tenuazonic acid along with small amounts of other toxins including alternariol and monomethyl ether derivative of alternariol in both red pepper homogenate and unpolished rice. It is therefore advised that red pepper fruits infested by molds during the sun-drying process be discarded to avoid unnoticeable health hazards.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.277-284
• /
• 2006

Application of wood vinegar in fish farms has been used for the disinfection of pathogenic microorganisms and the treatment of infectious diseases. This study was performed to know the acute toxicity of wood vinegar to carp Cyprinus carpio, flounder Paralichyhus olivaceus, rock fish Sebastes schlegeli and black sea bream Pagrus major. The 24 hr, 48 hr and 96 hr LC50 respectively were: carp 1243, 1143 and 1016 ppm; flounder 1397, 1253 and 1226 ppm; rock fish 1058, 993 and 967 ppm; and black sea bream 650, 616 and 596 ppm. Death and survival of fish exposed to lethal concentrations of wood vinegar were apparently related to massive necrosis, fusion and epithelial lifting of gill lamellar epithelium, suggesting the osmotic imbalance and lack of oxygen uptake.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.165-173
• /
• 1996

Large amounts (300 grams) of natural red tide plankton, Cochlodinium polykrikoides, was collected at the Yokji island coastal waters, Kyeongnam, Korea, on October, 1993. Using the bioassay systems, bioactive materials were screened from methanol extracts of C. polykrikoides. Live C. polykrykoides was toxic to fishes, however, the water soluble and chloroform soluble fraction of their methanol extracts did not shown ichthyotoxicity (5 mg/ml), and toxicity to mice (50 mg, i.p,). These fractions did not show any peaks corresponding to paralytic shellfish toxins or diarryhetic shellfish toxins on the fluorometric HPIC chromatograms. Neither fractions did not show antibiotic activities by paper disk (10 mg/disc) test and chloroform soluble fraction showed only $20\%$ growth inhibition activity on the Lymphoid P-388 at the concentration of $180\;{\mu}g/ml$. Hemolytic activity was detected by both fractions. Fatty acid analysis by GC, GC/MS and proton NMR showed that the chloroform soluble fraction composed of $25.3\%$ of DHA (dorosahexaenoic acid) and $15.3\%$ of IPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) as the hemolytic components.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.36 no.5
• /
• pp.534-539
• /
• 2007

The present study was carried out to investigate the potential acute toxicity of Leuconostoc citreum GJ7 (Leu. citreum GJ7), a lactic acid bacterium isolated from Kimchi, in ICR male and female mice. The test article was administered to the mice orally or intraperitoneally. Mortality rates, clinical findings, and body weight changes were monitored for the 2 weeks following administration. The results showed that in 50% of the cases, lethal doses ($LD_{50}$) of Leu. citreum GJ7 were determined as >5, 000 mg/kg (p.o.) and >2500 mg/kg (i.p.) in both sexes. There were no significant changes in general conditions, body weights clinical signs and any gross lesions between vehicle control and Leu. citreum GJ7-treated groups. Hence, it is suggested that Leu. citreum GJ7 does not induce any significant acute toxicity in ICR mice.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.51-56
• /
• 2007

The toxicities of contaminated soils with 8 consecutive year applications of three levels (12.5, 25.0, and $50.0t\;dry\;matter\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$) of four organic sludge [municipal sewage sludge (MSS), industrial sewage sludge (ISS), alcohol fermentation processing sludge (AFPS) and leather processing sludge (LPS)] on earthworm (Eisenia fetida) were examined by using microcosm container in the laboratory. Results were compared with those of pig manure compost (PMC) treated soil. In tests with three treatment levels (12.5, 25.0, and 50.0 t per plot), ISS treated soil showed higher contents of Cu (18.9~26.2 fold), Cr (7.7~34.7 fold), and Ni (14.8~18.8 fold) at 8 years post treatment, than PMC treated soil. LPS treated soil showed higher contents of Cr (35.7~268.0 fold) and Ni (4.5~7.6 fold) than PMC treated soil. There were no great differences in heavy metal contents among MSS, AFPS, and PMC treated soils. In these contaminated soils, earthworm mortalities of MSS and AFPS treated soils at 8 weeks post-exposure were similar to those of PMC treated soil regardless of each treatment level. Toxic effect (26.7~96.7 mortality) on the ISS and LPS treated soils was significantly higher than one of PMC treated soil, with an exception of LPS soil treated with 25.0 t per plot. At 16 weeks post-exposure, earthworm mortalities of AFPS' 12.5 and 25.0 t treated soils were similar to those of PMC treated soil. Toxic effect (53.3~100 mortality) on the 12.5, 25.0, and 50.0 t treated soils of MSS, ISS and LPS, and AFPS' 50.0 t treated soils was significantly higher than those of PMC treated soil. The data suggested that the 12.5, 25.0, and 50.0 t of MSS, ISS and LPS, and AFPS' 50.0 t treated soils were evaluated to have toxicity on earthworm.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Biology Conference
• /
• 2005.12a
• /
• pp.22-35
• /
• 2005

내분비계 장애물질 (Endocrine Disruptors: EDs)이란 ‘내분비 기능에 변화를 일으켜, 생체 또는 그 자손의 건강에 위해한 영향을 미치는 외인성 물질’로서 세계야생생물보호기금 (World Wildife Fund: WWF)의 목록에는 67 여종, 일본 후생성에서는 142 여종의 물질을 내분비계 장애물질로 분류하고 있다. 이렇게 분류된 내분비계장애물질 가운데에는 많은 종류의 농약이 포함되어 있으며, 이들이 자연상태계에 미치는 영향에 대한 많은 보고가 있다. 양서류는 먹이연쇄의 중위포식자로 내분비계 장애물질의 순환 및 생채축적 회로에서 중요한 위치를 갖는다. 또한 농경지나 계류 등에 서식하며 산란하는 습성이 있다. 이러한 서식지는 농약 등에 노출받기 쉬우므로 환경오염평가 대상동물로 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 국내에서 사용되고 있는 제초제, 살충제 등이 양서류 발생에 미치는 영향을 평가하고, 이들 물질에 의한 노출을 평가할 수 있는 biomarker 유전자를 발굴하고자 하였다. 우리나라 전역에 많이 분포하는 무당개구리(Bombina orientalis)의 초기 배아발생 과정에서 이들 농약을 처리하였을 때, 물질의 종류에 따라 정도의 차이는 있으나 농도 의존적으로 배아 및 올챙이의 치사율이 높게 나타났다. 또한 농약은 배아 및 올챙이의 기형을 유발하였다. 기형의 종류는 농약에 따라 서로 상이한 형태로도 나타났으나, 특히 몸통휨 또는 꼬리휨등의 척추골 기형이 많이 나타났다. 환경 위해성 평가 biomarker 유전자로서 골격계 형성에 관여하는 Sox9 유전자를 선택하였다. 무당개구리에서 처음으로 Sox9 유전자를 동정하였으며, 농약을 처리한 실험군에서의 Sox9 유전자의 발현 양상은 대조군에 비하여 높게 나타났다. 본 연구결과 생태계에서 내분비계 장애물질의 위해성 평가를 위해 양서류 초기배아의 치사 및 기형의 정도를 관찰하는 방법이 유효할 것으로 사료된다. 또한 야생동물의 biomarker 유전자를 발굴과 이를 이용한 위해성 평가는 더욱 정밀한 평가법으로 유용할 것이다.

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.262-266
• /
• 2003

In order to develop a method for the cryopreservation of fish embryos, the determination of optimal concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol and glycerol as individual cryoprotectants was performed by using the early embryos of black seabream, Acanthopagrus schlegeli. Optimal concentrations of cryoprotectants were assessed in terms of effects on mortality, median lethal concentration and hatching rate of embryos. The mortality of black seabream embryos immersed in cryoprotectants was related to the concentrations of cryoprotectants and immersion times. The toxicity to embryos was lower in order of DMSO, < ethylene glycol, < glycerol. The results from the mortality, median lethal concentration and hatching rate evaluations suggest that DMSO was the most effective cryoprotectant for black seabream embryos followed by ethylene glycol, and suitable concentrations of DMSO and ethylene glycol were 2.0∼2.25M and 1.0∼1.78M, respectively, with 20 minutes of immersion time.