DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Bioaccumulation of Zn, Cu, Fe and Al in the Earthworm Eisenia Fetida (Ennelida; Oligochaeta) in Relation to the Supply of Sludges

슬러지 급이에 따른 Zn, Cu, Fe, Al의 줄지렁이 체내 생물축적

  • 박광일 (대진대학교 생명과학과) ;
  • 배윤환 (대진대학교 생명과학과)
  • Published : 2012.09.30

Abstract

Zn, Cu, Fe, Al contents of sludges produced from sewage treatment plants and night soil treatment plant in Pocheon City, Gyeong-gi Province were investigated. And the accumulated contents of those metals in the earthworm Eisenia fetida were also investigated while 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 grams(dw) of sludges were cumulatively supplied to the earthworms. Zn contents of sludges were 75.1~196.1 mg/kg, Cu contents 3.74~76.1 mg/kg, Fe contents 219.9~857.8 mg/kg, Al contents 198.4~991.7 mg/kg, all of which would not cause acute toxicity to the earthworm, but could cause sublethal effects on earthworm and reduce the density of next generation's population. However, cumulative supplies of sludges didn't increase the bioaccumulation rates of metals in the earthworm body, and BAFs of those metals after 60g of sludge supply were 0.0~0.43, which meant that the accumulated Zn, Cu, Fe, Al contents in the earthworm were lower than those of sludges.

경기도 포천시에 소재하는 몇 군데의 하수처리장에서 채취된 슬러지내의 Zn, Cu, Fe, Al 함량을 측정하고 슬러지를 줄지렁이에게 장기간 급이하면서 이들 금속류의 지렁이 체내 축적량을 조사하였다. 슬러지내 Zn 함량은 75.1~196.1 mg/kg, Cu 함량은 3.74~76.1 mg/kg, Fe 함량은 219.9~857.8mg/kg, Al 함량 198.4~991.7 mg/kg로 나타났다. 이들 금속류의 슬러지내 함량은 줄지렁이에 대하여 단기적으로 직접 치사 독성을 유발할 정도는 아니었으나, 장기적으로는 아독성을 유발할 가능성이 있고 이들 금속류에 의한 산란 및 부화율 억제에 의한 차세대 개체군의 감소 현상을 유발할 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 60g(dw)의 슬러지 급이후 이들 금속류의 지렁이 생체내 축적률(BAF)은 0.0-0.43으로 낮은 경향을 나타내었으며 슬러지를 장기간 급이하여도 슬러지내 Zn, Cu, Fe, Al가 줄지렁이 생체내에 누적적으로 축적되지는 않는 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. 최훈근, 유기성슬러지 처리에 있어서 지렁이를 이용한 퇴비화 슬러지급이와 사육조건에 관한 연구, 서울시립대학교 환경공학과 박사학위논문 (1992).
  2. Edwards C. A., Bohlen, P. J., "Biology and Ecology of earthworm", Chapman and Hall, pp. 426. (1996).
  3. Garg, P., Gupta, A., Satya, S., "Vermicomposting of different types of waste using Eisenia foetida: A comparative study", Bior. Technol., 97, pp. 391-395. (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.03.009
  4. Suthar, S., "Vermicomposting potential of perionyx sansibaricus(Perrier) in different waste materials", Biores. Technol., 98. pp. 1231-1237. (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.05.008
  5. Khwairakpam, M., Bhargava, R., "Vermitechnology for sewage sludge recycling", J. of Hazardous Materials, 161, pp. 948-954. (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.088
  6. 이성호, 김민국, "지렁이를 이용한 하수슬러지 처리에 관한 연구", J. of NERI., 6(1), pp. 131-145. (2001).
  7. 박광일, 배윤환, "하수슬러지의 전처리 방법에 따른 줄지렁이(Eisenia fetida Savigny)의 섭식 효율 및 생장", 유기성자원화, 11(4), pp. 66-78. (2003).
  8. Kaushik, P., Garg, V. K., "Vermicomposting of mixed solid textil mill sludge and cow dung with the epigeic earthworm Eisenia foetida.", Biores. Technol., 90, pp. 311-316. (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(03)00146-9
  9. Gupta, R. Garg, V. K., "Stabilization of primary sewage sludge during vermicomposting", J. of Hazardous Materials, 153, pp. 1023-1030. (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.09.055
  10. 박광일, 배윤환, "합성세제가 줄지렁이(Eisenia fetida) 개체군에 미치는 생태독성학적 영향", 유기성자원화, 19(1), pp. 115-122. (2011).
  11. 박광일, 배윤환, "Alum과 Ferric chloride가 줄지렁이 개체군에 미치는 생태독성학적 영향", 유기성자원화, 20(1), pp.50-60. (2012).
  12. 박광일, 배윤환, "내분비 교란 물질인 Nonylphenol과 DEHP (Di-(2ethylhexyl)phatalate)가 줄지렁이(Eisenia fetida)의 산란 및 부화에 미치는 영향", 유기성자원화, 20(2), pp. 89-95. (2012).
  13. Hobbelen, P. H. F., Koolhaas, J. E., van Gastel, C. A. M., "Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the earthworms Lumbricus rubellus and Aporrectodea caliginosa in relation to total and available metal concentration in field soils", Environmental Pollution, 144, pp. 639-646. (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.01.019
  14. Nahmani, J., Hodson, M. E., Black S., "A review of studies performed to asses metal uptake by earthworms", Environmental Pollution, 145, pp. 402-424. (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.04.009
  15. Andre, J., Sturzenbaum, S. R., Kille, P., Morgan, A. J., Hodson, M. E., "Metal bioaccumulation and cellular fractionation in an epigeic earthworm (Lumbricus rubellus) : the interactive influences of population exposure histories, site specific geometry and mitochondrial genotype", Soil biology and Biochemistry, 42, pp. 1566-573. (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.05.029
  16. Li, L., Xu, Z., Wu, J., Tian, G., "Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the earthworm Eisenia fetida in relation to bioavailable metal concentrations in pig manure", Bior. Technol., 101, pp. 3430-3436. (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.085
  17. Sivakumar, S., Subburaam, C. V., "Toxicity of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) to the earthworm Eisenia fetida", Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 62, pp. 93-98. (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.08.006
  18. Lukkari, T., Aatsinki, M., Vaisanen, A., Haimi, J., "Toxicity of copper and zinc assessed with three different earthworm tests", Appied Soil Ecology, 30, pp. 133- 146. (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2005.02.001
  19. Nahmani, J., Hodson, M. E., Black, S., "Effects of metals on life cycle parameters of earthworm Eisenia fetida exposed to field-contaminated, metal-polluted soils", Environmental Pollution, 149, pp. 44-58. (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.12.018
  20. Li, L. Z., Zhou, D. M., Peijnenburg, W. J. G. M., Wang, P. van Gestel, C., Jin, S. Y., Wang, Q. Y., "Uptake pathways and toxicity of Cd and Zn in the earthworm Eisenia fetida", Soil biology and Biochemistry, 42, pp.1045-1050. (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.02.024
  21. Kang, J. M., Cho, S. B., Kim, S. K., Lee, S. S., Lee, S. K., "Contamination of heavy metals in commercial feed for the production of safe-animal products", J. of Life Science, 20(5), pp. 717-722. (2010). https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2010.20.5.717
  22. 김병옥, 권연두, 김동욱, 박수영, 오흥일, 이병학, 이용석, 전태성., "폐수처리 공학의 기초", 신광문화사, pp. 400. (2003).
  23. 박광일, 배윤환, "하수슬러지 전처리 방법에 따른 줄지렁이(Eisenia fetida)의 섭식효율 및 생장", 폐기물 자원화, 11(4), pp. 66-78.
  24. Arnold, R. E., Hodson, M. E., Black, S., Davies, N. A., "The influence of mineral solubility and soil solution concentration on the toxicity of copper to Eisenia fetida Savigny", Pedobiologia, 47, pp. 622-632. (2003).
  25. Hartenstein, R., Neuhauser, E. F., Colloer, J., "Accumulation of heavy metals in the earthworm Eisenia foetida", J. Environ. Qual., 9, pp. 23-26. (1980).
  26. Malecki, M. R., Neuhauser, E. F., Loehr, R. C., "The effect of metal on the growth and reproduction of Eisenia foetida(Oligocharta, Lumbricidae)", Pedobiologia, 24, pp. 129- 137. (1982).
  27. van Gestel, C. A. M., van Dis, W. A., Dirven-Van Breemen, E. M., Sparenburg, P. M., Baerselman, R., "Influence of cadmium, copper and pentachlorophenol on growth and sexual development of Eisenia andrei(Oligochaeta:Annelida)", Biol. Fertil. Soils, 12, pp. 117-121. (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00341486
  28. Reinecke A. J., Reinecke S. A., "The influence of heavy metals on the growth and reproduction of the compost worm Eisenia fetida(Oilgochaeta)", Pedobiologia, 40, pp. 439-448. (1996).
  29. Greig-Smith, P. W., Becker, H., Edwards, P. J., Heimbach, F., "Ecotoxicology of Earthworm", Intercept, pp. 47-48. (1992).
  30. Spurgeon, D. J., Hopkin, S. P., "The effects of metal contamination on earthworm populations around a smelting works : quantifying species effects", Applied Soli Ecology, 4, pp. 147-160. (1996). https://doi.org/10.1016/0929-1393(96)00109-6
  31. Dai, J., Rouiller, T., Reverset, J. H., Bernhard-Reversat, F., Nahmani, J., Laveele, P., "Heavy metal accumulation by two earthworm species and its relationship to total and DPTA-extractable metals in soils. Soil Biol. Biochem., 36, pp. 91-98. (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2003.09.001
  32. Thakali, S., Allen, A. E., Di Tiro, D. M., Ponizovsky, A. A., Rooney, C. P., Zhao, F. J., Mcgrath, S. P., Criel, P., van Eechout, H., Jassen, C. R., Oorts, K., Smolders, E., "Terrestrial biotic ligand model. 2. Application to Ni and Cu toxicities to plants, invertebrates and microbes in soil. Environmental Science & Technilogy, 40, pp. 7094-7100. (2006). https://doi.org/10.1021/es061173c
  33. Neuhauser, E. F., Cukic, Z. V., Malecki, M. R., Loehr, R. C., Durkin, P. R., "Bioconcentration and biokinetics of heavy metals in earthworms", Environmental Pollution, 89, pp. 293-301. (1995). https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(94)00072-L
  34. Morgan, J. E., Morgan, A. j., "The distribution and intracellular compartmentation of metals in the endogeic earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa sampled from an unpolluted and a metal contaminated site. Environmental Pollution, 99, pp. 167-175. (1998). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(97)00193-0
  35. Spurgeon, D. J., Hopkin, S. P., "Comparisons of metal accumulation and excretion kinetics in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) exposed to contaminated field and laboratory soils", Appied Soil Ecology, 11, pp. 227-243. (1999). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0929-1393(98)00150-4
  36. Nannoni, F., Protano, G., Riccobono, F., "Uptake and bioaccumulation of heavy metals by two earthworm species from a smelter contaminated area in northern Kosobo", Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 43, pp. 2359-2367. (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.08.002
  37. Neuhaser, E. F., Malecki, R., Loer, R. C., "Growth and reproduction of the earthworm Eisenia fetida after sublethal concentration of metals. Pedobiologia, 27, pp. 89-97. (1984).
  38. Spurgeon, D. J., Hopkin, S. P., Jones, D. T., "Effects of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc on growth, reproduction and survival of the earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny) : assessing the evironmental impact on point-source metal contamination in terrestrial ecosystems", Environmental Pollution, 84, pp. 123-130. (1994). https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(94)90094-9