• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.47 no.12
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• pp.798-803
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• 2009

지르코니아는 물리적 성질이 금속과 가장 가까운 세라믹이며, 색상이 치아와 비슷하여 치과분야에서 사용빈도가 증가하고 있는 재료이다. 지르코니아는 zirconium dioxide 결정체로서, 1975년 Garvie가 'ceramic steer' 이라고 명명하였듯이 기존의 세라믹과 비교하여 뛰어난 물성을 지니고 있다. 즉, 높은 내열성과 낮은 열전도도, 산성에서 알카리성까지 이르는 내화학 안정성, 낮은 열팽창성, 높은 강도 및 경도, 내마모성을 가지고 있기 때문에 이전부터 공업용 재료로 넓게 시용되어 왔다. 지르코니아의 상변 이를 이용한 toughening방법이 Garvie에 의해 제시됨으로서 세라믹의 최대 단점인 취성은 어느 정도 극복할 수 있게 되었고 이를 계기로 금관 및 계속가공 의치, 임플란트 지대주, 인레이, 온레이 등 치과의 여러 분야에 지르코니아를 적용할 수 있게 되었다. 최근에는 임플란트 매식체에 있어서도 그 적용을 시도함으로서 심미치과치료에 있어서 중요한 부분으로 자리 잡고 있다. 현재 지르코니아는 치과용 세라믹 중에서 가장 높은 기계적 물성을 보이기 때문에 구치부 에서의 사용 가능성이 시도되고 있으며, 코어의 두께를 감소시킴으로써 보철 술식에서 필요한 강도 및 심미성 두 마리 토끼를 잡을 수 있도록 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 이에 지르코니아의 역사 및 이론적 배경에 대하여 알아보고자 한다.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.27 no.6 s.241
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• pp.509-514
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• 1989

국소의치나 총의치에 사용하는 인공치는 대부분 도재치(porcelain teeth)와 레진치(resin teeth, plastic teeth)이다. 도재치나 레진치 모두 자연치아와 유사한 색조를 갖고 있어 자연감을 나타내기 때문이다. 인공치의 대표적인 도재치와 레진치에 대하여 이공학적 측면, 임상측면, 기공측면에서 재료학적 고찰을 한다.

• Composites Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.68-72
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• 2002

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.159-167
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• 1977

• Korean Journal of Dental Materials
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.343-349
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• 2016

This experiment was carried out to examine whether the post-firing heat treatment is effective in increasing the hardness of metal-ceramic alloy of the Pd-Au-Ag-Sn system. Precipitation hardening by holding at $600^{\circ}C$ after simulated complete porcelain firing in a metal-ceramic alloy of the Pd-Au-Ag-Sn system was examined by observing the change in hardness, crystal structure, and microstructure using a hardness test, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The hardness of the alloy increased apparently by holding the specimen at $600^{\circ}C$ for 30 min after simulated complete porcelain firing. The formation of fine grain interior precipitates during holding at $600^{\circ}C$ caused the formation of lattice strain in the grain interior, resulting in apparent hardening. The faster cooling rate (stage 0) during simulated complete porcelain firing resulted in more effective precipitation hardening during holding at $600^{\circ}C$. From the above results, an appropriate post-firing heat treatment, such as holding at $600^{\circ}C$ for 30 min after complete porcelain firing may increase the durability of metal-ceramic prostheses composed of Pd-Au-Ag-Sn alloy.

• Korean Journal of Dental Materials
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.197-206
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• 2017

The hardening effect by ice-quenching after oxidation of a Pd-Ag-Sn-Au metal-ceramic alloy during porcelain firing simulation was investigated by means of hardness test, field emission scanning electron microscopic observations, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The hardness decreased by ice-quenching after oxidation, which was induced by the homogenization of the ice-quenched specimen. The decreased hardness by ice-quenching after oxidation was recovered from the wash stage which was the first stage of the remaining firing process for bonding porcelain. After wash stage, the hardness of the ice-quenched specimens decreased during the subsequent porcelain firing process. But the final hardness of the ice-quenched specimens after oxidation was higher than that of the specimens cooled at stage 0 after oxidation. The increase in hardness of the specimens during the first firing process was caused by the lattice strains generated at the interface between the face-centered cubic Pd-Ag-rich matrix and the face-centered tetragonal Pd3(Sn, Ga, In) precipitate. The decrease in hardness of the specimens during the remaining firing process was caused by the microstructural coarsening.

• Korean Journal of Dental Materials
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.95-106
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• 2015

Hardening mechanism associated with post-firing heat treatment of softening heat treated and then firing simulated Pd-Ag-Au alloy for bonding porcelain was examined by observing the change in hardness, crystal structure and microstructure. By post-firing heat treatment of as-cast, solution treated and pre-firing heat treated specimens at $650^{\circ}C$ after casting, the hardness value increased within 10 minutes. Then, hardness consistently increased until 30 minutes, and gap of hardness value among the specimens was reduced. The increase in hardness after post-firing heat treatment was caused by grain interior precipitation in the matrix. The softening heat treatment did not affect the increase in hardness by post-firing heat treatment. The precipitated phase from the parent Pd-Ag-Au-rich ${\alpha}$ phase with face-centered cubic structure by post-firing heat treatment was $Pd_3$(Sn, In) phase with face-centered tetragonal structure, which has lattice parameters of $a_{200}=4.0907{\AA}$, $c_{002}=3.745{\AA}$. From above results, appropriate post-firing heat treatment in order to support the hardness of Pd-Ag-Au metal substructure was expected to bring positive effects to durability of the prosthesis.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2021

Additive manufacturing (AM) for dental materials can produce more complex forms than conventional manufacturing methods. Compared to milling processing, AM consumes less equipment and materials, making sustainability an advantage. AM can be categorized into 7 types. Polymers made by vat polymerization are the most suitable material for AM due to superior mechanical properties and internal fit compared to conventional self-polymerizing methods. However, polymers are mainly used as provisional restoration due to their relatively low mechanical strength. Metal AM uses powder bed fusion methods and has higher fracture toughness and density than castings, but has higher residual stress, which requires research on post-processing methods to remove them. AM for ceramic use vat polymerization of materials mixed with ceramic powder and resin polymer. The ceramic materials for AM needs complex post-processing such as debinding of polymer and sintering. The low mechanical strength and volumetric accuracy of the products made by AM must be improved to be commercialized. AM requires more research to find the most suitable fabrication process conditions, as the mechanical properties and surface of any material will vary depending on the processing condition.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2023

Resin-bonded fixed partial denture (RBFPD)as known as Maryland bridge is is a well-known conservative method for its minimized invasion of the teeth for an anterior single tooth edentulous area. Despite of its various advantages, RBFPD was not widespread because of its high debonding rates, non-esthetic look or weak structure for material property. Currently, with the introduction of zirconia to dental material for RBFPD, Maryland bridge entered upon a new phase. Zirconia surmounts poor esthetics of metal framework, having proper strength, and overcomes ceramic's structural weakness, being sufficiently esthetic. In this case, edentulous area of maxillary left lateral incisor was restored using zirconia resin-bonded fixed partial denture. Restoration of missing tooth in anterior area was achieved using non-invasive and esthetic prosthesis, then we report this case as satisfactory results were obtained for both the operator and the patient.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.349-355
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to evaluate marginal gap of fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) fabricated by soft metal material with using dental computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system and to compare gap of its by a conventional method. Ten same cases of study models were manufactured and scanned for digital models fabricating. Ten FDPs were fabricated by soft metal material using dental CAD/CAM (SMB group). Then, ten FDPs were fabricated by cast metal using lost wax technique and casting method (LWC group). Marginal gap was measured by silicone replica technique. Gap was measured by digital microscope (${\times}160$). Mann-Whitney test for statistical analysis was executed (${\alpha}=0.05$). The mean (standard deviations) of marginal gap was $76.5{\mu}m$ (35.2) for the SMB group, and $82.9{\mu}m$ (22.1) for the LWC group. Statistically significant differences were not found between SMB and LWC. As results, FDPs fabricated by soft metal material were clinically acceptable range.