• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.187-195
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• 1986

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of hatching time on body weights and body measurements in White Plymouth Rock selected for female lines of broiler parents stock, Thirty cockerels were mated to 300 hens and the hatching eggs produced by each hen were pedigreed for sire and dam. The total of 975 chickens were classified into 14 groups by hatching time and their body weights and body measurements were recorded every 2 weeks. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The body weight at 4,6 and 8 weeks of age, and the length of keel and shank were decreased as hatching times were delayed. Correlation coefficient between hatching tine and body weights or body measurements was negative. 2. Chickens from strain D were hatched 7.4 hours later in male and 7.2 hours in female than chickens from strain C and the growth rate of strain C was superior to that of. strain D.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.133-140
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• 1993

A study was conducted to investigate the concentrations of Ca, P and ash in metatarsal bone of broiler chicks exposed to UV light in different Interval. Day-old Hubbard broiler chicks (199＝10 control＋3 irradiation interval $\times$ 9 elapsed time $\times$ 7 replicate) were fed vitamin D3 deficient diet for 3 wk in a windowless subdued-light room and exposed to 297 nm UVB light by 0.068 mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$ three times In 0, 12 or 24 h interval. The metatarsal bones were taken at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, 96, 144 or 240 h after last irradiation, separated from adhering tissue, ether extracted, dried and ashed. The Ca concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and P by ammonium metavanadate colorimetry. When the birds were continuously exposed to UVB light for 30 min without interval, the Ca content in metatarsus increased gradually according to the time after irradiation and reached the highest value 16.75% at 240 h after exposure. The P content also increased gradually until 144 h, where it was 9.75%. The ash content in metatarsus increased continuously until 240 h, the final time in this research, where 42.75% was shown. As 10 min three times irradiation in 12 h interval was applied to the chicks, the metatarsal Ca presented a small peak(13.31%) at 12 h after irradiation and a large peak(16.91%) at 144 h. P content showed a small peak(7.18%) at 12 h and a large level(8.34%) at 240 h. Ash content increased continuously until 240 h, where it was 46.53%. The small peaks in Ca and P concentration were thought to be derived from preirradiation at 12 and 24 h before final irradiation for 10 min. When 24 h interval system was treated, the peak value of Ca content(24.18%) occurred earlier(96 h) than those in 0 and 12 h interval systems. P content also showed the maximum value at 96 h(7.29%). Ash content presented an increasing trend until 240 h, where 45.75% was appeared. In respecting the method of UVB irradiation, the peak value of Ca content in metatarsus appeared earlier in 24 h interval system than in other systems. Meanwhile the ash contents in metatarsus of birds exposed to UVB light in 12 and 24 h interval procedures were higher than those in 0 h interval one. Therefore, it was concluded that a daily 10 min irradiation of UVB light would be desirable for increasing the Ca and ash content in metatarsus of brolier chicks.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.179-195
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• 1984

The Jurassic Daejeon and Nonsan granitoids are "S-type" syntectonic calc-alkaline two-mica monzogranite and granodiorite, respectively. With evidences of high CaO, $Al_2O_3$, LIL/HFS elements, total REE, (Ce/Yb)N and initial ($^{87}Sr/^{88}Sr$) ratio, and no significant Eu anomaly, the primary magmas for the Daejeon and Nonsan granitic rocks are derived from partial melting of the Precambrian granulite (e.g. grey gneisses). But those Jurassic granitoids crystallised from different chemical characteristics of parental magmas which is mainly due to varying degree of partial melting of the granulite (crustal anatexis). The absence of significant anomalous Eu($Eu/Eu^*=O.82{\sim}1.00$) in the Daejeon and Nonsan granitoids could indicate that feldspars, mainly plagioclase, did not separate from the magmas. The parental hydrous magmas could not rise appreciably above their source region before crystallisation. The Jurassic granitoids may be resulted by closing-collision situation and belong to the Hercynotype (Pitcher 1979) such as compressive ductile regime of an intracontinental orogen.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 1992

Whole rock and mineral ages for the Jecheon Granite distributed in the Ogcheon Fold Belt were dated by three radiometric methods, and its thermal history was elucidated as follows, on the basis of isotopic age data. Rb and Sr isotopic compositions of three whole rock and seven mineral concentrates made an isochron of 202.7${\pm}$ 1.9 Ma with a strontium initial ratio of 0.7140. Different age data of twelve mineral concentrates agree closely with the retention temperature of each mineral in K-Ar and Fission Track methods. The Jecheon granitic magma was generated by partial melting of crustal materials (S-type), or by mixins between mantle and crustal materials, intruded into the katazone or mesozone (7∼9 km) of the Ogcheon Fold Belt, at least in the Early Jurassic (about 203 Ma), and then crystallized and cooled down rapidly from about 600$^{\circ}C$ to 300$^{\circ}C$ (more than 20$^{\circ}C$/Ma), owing to thermal differences between the magma and the wall-rock. During the Middle to Late Jurassic (190∼140 Ma), the cooling of the granite was likely to stop and keep thermal equilibrium with the wall-rock. The severe tectonism associated with igneous activities and active weathering on the surface in Early to Late Cretaceous time (140∼70 Ma) might have accelerated the granite pluton to uplift rapidly (40∼60 m/Ma in average) up to 3∼4 km and cooled down from 300$^{\circ}C$ to 200$^{\circ}C$ (1.4 $^{\circ}C$/Ma). The granite pluton was likely to keep different uplifting and cooling rate of about 120 m/Ma and 5$^{\circ}C$/Ma in average from the Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary (70∼50 Ma), and about 60 m/Ma and 2$^{\circ}C$/Ma in average from about 50 Ma up to the present, respectively.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.77-97
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• 1998

We analyzed geochemical and radiogenic isotope data to investigate the genesis and source characteristics of the Onjeongri granite in the northern part of the Gyeongsang Basin. Field observation and K-Ar ages confirm late Cretaceous intrusion (ca. 87 Ma) of the Onjeongri granite. The hornblende geobarometery gives less than 2 kbar for the emplacement pressure of the Onjeongri granite. Geochemical and isotopic compositions suggest that the Onjeongri granite was formed in a relatively immature arc system. $SiO_2$ contents show a negative linear relationship with initial $^{87}Sr/^{86}Sr$ ratios, and an apparent positive correlation with $^{207}Pb/^{204}Pb$ ratios, suggesting an incomplete mixing or assimilation. However, the isotopic data known for any exposed rocks of the study area do not fit as an endmember, implying that the contaminant might reside in the lower crust. A review of published isotopic ages, geochemical, and Sr and Nd isotopic data for the Cretaceous to Tertiary granites in the Gyeongsang Basin indicates the followings. 1) Granitic magmatism in the Gyeongsang Basin were episodic. 2) Granitic rocks in the basin were derived from young (< 0.9 Ga) lower crust, and their isotopic signatures reflect heterogeneous source region. Geochemical and isotopic signatures of granitic rocks in the basin are difficult to explain by upper crustal contamination. 3) Granites in the Gyeongsang Basin have closely related to those in the San in Belt of the Inner Zone of Southwest Japan in terms of age, petrography, and isotopic and geochemical composition. 4) Sr-Nd isotopic signatures of the Onjeongri granite are relatively primitive compared with granitic rocks in the other parts of the Gyeongsang Basin and in the Inner Zone of Southwest Japan.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.209-225
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• 2010

The Shinri area near the Yedang Lake, the eastern part of the Hongseong area in SW Gyeonggi Massif, consists of the Neoproterozoic Duckjeongri granodiorite-tonalite, mylonitized amphibole-bearing orthogneiss and impure marble with lens-shaped garnet-bearing metabasites. In this paper, we report mineralogical and geochemical data of Neoproterozoic lens-shaped garnet-bearing metabasites within marble of the Shinri area. The $SiO_2$ contents of garnet-bearing metabasites in marble vary between ~46.98 and 51.17 wt%, and the $Na_2O$ + $K_2O$ contents fall between ~1.95 and 2.85 wt%, similar to the tholeiitic sub-alkaline basaltic rocks. In the Zr/Y vs. Zr diagram, garnet-bearing metabasites also plot in the subalkaline basaltic rocks. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns for Shinri garnet-bearing metabasites show relatively flat patterns to that of chondrite. They show slight LREE-enriched and depleted patterns. The major and trace element data from lens-shaped garnet-bearing metabasites in marble of the Shinri area suggest that these rocks were formed in within plate. In contrast, previous major and trace element data of high pressure type garnet-bearing metabasites from the mafic-ultramafic complex in the Baekdong and Bibong areas suggest that these rocks were formed in a nascent arc to backarc spreading center within subduction zone setting. Based on mineral assemblage and mineral chemistry, P-T estimates for Shinri garnet-bearing metabasites are 9.6-12.7 kb, $695-840^{\circ}C$ for inclusions in the core, and 9.6-13.6 kb, $630-755^{\circ}C$ for those in the rim. These P-T estimates are distinct from those of the Baekdong and Bibong garnet-bearing metabasites with isothermal decompressional retrograde P-T path. In addition to Triassic tectonic activity previously reported in the Shinri area of Hongseong, the details of metamorphic history such as protolith age and Neo-Proterozoic metamorphic episode need to be solved.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.68-79
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• 2017

The objective of study was to find the relationship in hilly pasture landscape expectancy and tourist's satisfaction on grassland facility. It was followed by literature reviews and visitors' survey in Daegwallyeong Yangtte Farm on 31, July, 2014. 367 respondents were analyzed by F-test, t-test, Chi-square and Fisher's Exact Test at 0.05 level after data screening process. Computing factors were sex, marital status, age, academic career and occupation. The results was as followed; First, major respondents group of survey were in oder of woman, forty years old group, married office worker, and university graduate. Second, the expectancy for grassland was significant difference in age, but pasture color expectancy was not significant difference in gender, age, educational background, marital status, and there was significant difference in favorite grassland type with age, marital status. Third, favorite fence type was not significant difference along with all group of participants. However, color and material of fence was significant difference in marital status. Fourth, preferred ranch road was significant difference with occupation and marital status. There was significant difference in favorite grassland type near ranch road along with age and occupation type. Fifth, the mean satisfaction was 3.6 point in 5.0. Therefore, all respondents were generally satisfaction in visited. Tourists were more interested in ranch landscape than experience or contacts to animal.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.13 s.146
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• pp.108-116
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• 1981

제15회 산란계 경제능력검정에는 총 13개 계군이 출품되었으며 능력검정 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 육추율, 육성율, 성계생존율 이번회 검정계의 육추율은 13개 계군 평균 97.72$\%$로서 14회 99.7$\%$와 비슷하다. 특히 이번 검정에서 육추기간 중 한마리의 폐사도 없는 구는 3구였으며 9구 만이 79.64$\%$로 육추율이 가장 낮았는데 그 원인은 1개 검정소에서 육추기간 중 백혈병으로 인한 폐사수가 많았기 때문으로 보인다. 육성율 평균은 99.07$\%$로서 14회 99.0$\%$와 같았고 한마리의 폐사도 없는 구는 11구로서 최고 육성율을 보였다. 성계 생존율은 평균이 90.14$\%$로서 14회의 92.6$\%$에 비슷 하였으며 13구는 97.98$\%$로서 상당히 좋은 성적을 보였으며 6구, 7구 9구, 10구 및 11구는 90$\%$이하로 성계생존율은 5회 점검 이후 점차 높아 졌는데 이유는 MD백신이 개발되어 이의 접종으로 인한 마렉병의 발생을 예방 할 수 있었던 것으로 생각된다. 2. 성 성숙일령 15회 검정에서 13개 계군의 평균 성 성숙 일령은 163일에서 14회 161일과는 비슷하였는데 성 성숙 일령은 육성기의 사료 급여와 사양관리에 따라서 영향을 많이 받는 형질이므로 더 이상의 고찰이 필요하지 않다. 성 성숙이 제일 빠른구는 5구의 154일이었고 늦은 구는 9구의 168일 이었는데 그 차는 14일이였다. 3. 산란율 및 산란지수 이번 검정계군의 평균 산란율은 70.14$\%$로서 14회에 73.8$\%$와 약 3.6$\%$가 낮았다. 한편 최고 산란율을 나타낸 구는 5구의 73.86$\%$였으며 산란율이 제일 낮은 구는 11구의 65.95$\%$였다. 산란지수의 평균은 232.02로서 14회의 246.5보다는 14.5개가 적었는데 이는 산란율에서와 같은 경향치 였다. 최고 산란 지수를 보인 구는 5구의 250.69였고 2구와 3구, 8구, 13구도 240이상으로서 상당이 좋은 성적을 보였으며 9구는 204.82로서 산란지수가 최하위 였고 최상위와 최하위와의 산란지수의 차이는 무려 45.87이었다. 4. 사료 요구율 13개 계군의 평균사료 요구율은 2.67로서 14회 2.68과 비슷하였다. 사료 요구율이 제일 낮았던구는 3구의 2.56이였고 사료 요구율이 제일 높았던 구는 9구의 2.78이였다. 5. 난중 13개 계군의 평균난중은 60.72g으로서 14회 59.08g보다는 약간 무거웠는데 난중은 다른 형질에 비하여 유전력이 높은 형질인 것을 감안할 때 사양관리 면에서의 영향이 아니고 출품계군의 구성에 의한 영향인 것으로 생각된다. 8회 검정 성적 중 난중이 제일 무거운 구는 4구의 63.32g이었고 제일 가벼운 구는 5구의 58.08g이었다. 6. 체중 300일령 평균체중은 1,966.33.g으로 14회 1,986.7g보다는 가벼웠는데 체중 역시 유전력이 높은 형질로서 이 차이는 검정계군의 구성에 따른 차이로 생각 된다. 500일령 체중의 평균은 1,985.68g으로 14회의 1,994.9g보다는 약간 가벼웠으나 500일령 체중에 있어서와 같이 검정계군의 구성에 따른 차이로 생각 된다. 7. 사료 섭취량 육추기간 중의 1일 1수당 평균사료 섭취량은 32.97g으로 14회 34.82g보다 적었는데 이것 역시 출품계군의 구성에 있어 겸용종 내지 유색종의 비율이 낮았던 데에 기인한 것으로 생각된다. 육성기의 1일 1수당 사료섭취량은 70.06g으로서 14회의 70.91g과 같았고 산란기간 중의 1일 1수당 사료섭취량은 평균이 113,54g으로서 14회 115.81g과 비교할 때 큰 차가 없었으며 특히 11구는 118.61g으로 가장 사료를 많이 섭취 했는데 산란기 수당 사료 섭취량은 해가 거듭될수록 적어지는 경향이었다. 8. 경제성 13개 검정계군이 총 수입은 45,405원으로 계란 판매 수입은 86.4$\%$였고 폐계 판매수입은 13.59$\%$였으며 총 지출은 33,657원으로 사료비의 지출비율이 95.5$\%$였고 초생추대가 4.5$\%$였다.