• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.178-189
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• 1997

This study was done to compare the breast-feeding primiparas' perceptions of their babies with bottle-feeding primiparas' at 2-3 days after delivery. The subjects of this study included 42 breast-feeding mothers and 56 bottle-feeding mothers. Data were collected by using the Neonatal Perception Inventory(NPI) devised by Broussard (1963) and added by Lee, Ja Hyung(1986) from December, 1996 to June, 1997. The results of this study are as follows, 1. Primiparas' perceptions of their babies according to their general characteristics. 1) There was no significant difference in mothers' perceptions according to mothers' age and whether they have a job or not. 2) There was a difference in mothers' perceptions according to their educational level (P<0.1). 2. The comparisons of breast-feeding mothers' perceptions of their babies with bottle-feeding mothers'. 1) There was no significant difference in the two groups' perceptions of other babies 2) There was no significant difference in the two groups' perceptions of their own babies. (1) Breast-feeding mothes' general perceptions of their own babies were better than bottle-feeding mothers', but there was no significant difference between the two groups. (2) Breast-feeding mothers' perceptions about the basic needs of their own babies were better than bottle-feeding mothers', and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). (3) Breast-feeding mothers'perceptions about the sense and motor abilities of their own babies were better than bottle-feeding mothers', but there was no significant difference between the two groups. (4) Breast-feeding mothers' perceptions about the necessary care of their own babies were lower than bottle-feeding mothers', but there was no significant difference between the two groups. 3) There was no significant difference between the two groups' positive-negative perceptions of their babies (1) 69% of breast-feeding mothers and 69.9% of bottle-feeding mothers had positive perceptions about general conditions, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (2) 57.1% of breast-feeding mothers and 46.4% of bottle-feeding mothers had positive perceptions about the needs of babies, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. (3) 50% of breast -feeding mothers and 48.2% of bottle-feeding mothers had positive perceptions about the sense and motor abilities of babies, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. (4) 57.1% of breast-feeding mothers and 60.7% of bottle-feeding mothers had positive perceptions about the necessary care for babies, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. 3. 54.8% of breast-feeding mothers tried to feed their own babies on the 1st day after delivery. 83.3% of breast-feeding mothers chose the feeding method for themselves. Only 9.5% of breast-feeding mothers took recomendations for breast-feeding from nurses. 78.6% of breast-feeding mothers had no chance to learn about breast-feeding. 69% of breast-feeding mothers complained about the difficulties of breast-feeding. The most serious problems were : 'insufficient milk supply', 'lack of knowledge about feeding technique' and 'problems with nipples'.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.193-199
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• 1989

This study was conducted to estimate heritabilities and genetic correlations on egg compositions in Korean Native Ogol Fowl. The date analysis were a total of 58,320 eggs in 450 pullets producted from 150 dams and 20 sires of Korean Native Ogol Fowl raised at Chungnam National University from June 18. 1987 to April 6. 1989. The results obtained are summarized as follows： 1. On the egg compositions, the albumen weight at first egg, 300 and 500 days were $24.003\pm$2.499, $28.354\pm$2.755 and $31.863\pm$3.341g； the yolk weight were $10.272\pm$1.536, $16.346\pm$1.321 and $19.212\pm$1.661g： the shell weight were $3.906\pm$0.414, $4.336\pm$0.506 and $4.822\pm$0.515g, respectively. 2. The heritability estimates of egg compositions based on the valiance of sires, dams and combined components were 0.620-0.723, 0.206-0.300 and 0.413-0.511 for albumin weight；0.439-0.737, 0.484-0.544 and 0.492-0.615 for yolk weight：0.172-0.187, 0.412-0.642 and 0.390-0.503 for shell weight, respectively. 1. The genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficients of egg compositions were as follows； The coefficients between albumen weight and yolk weight were 0.089-0.654 and 0.084-0.255；between albumen weight and shell weight were 0.396-0.925 and 0.225-0.544； between yolk weight and shell weight were 0.227-0.357 and 0.098-0.358 respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.87-95
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• 2003

Although extensive studies were conduced on hydrogen fermentation of organic wastewaters, little is known about biohydrogen production from organic solid wastes. The leaching-bed reactor treating food waste by heat-shocked anaerobic sludge was, therefore, operated at D of 2.1, 3.6, 4.5 and $5.5d^{-1}$ to find optimal D for hydrogen production. Successful operation of a reactor can be accomplished when it is operated at proper dilution rate (D). Operation at high D leads to the washout of biomass in the reactor while operation at low D leads to product inhibition due to the accumulation of excess VFA. These appear to limit the production of hydrogen to reach a higher level. All the reactors showed that, on day 1-3, hydrogen production was dominant and VFA concentration was higher than ethanol. Butyrate and acetate were major components of VFAs over the whole operation, though lactate was very high on day 1-2. Compared with other D values, D of $4.5d^{-1}$, resulted in higher butyrate/acetae (B/A) ratios during the fermentation. The trend of B/A ratios was similar to the hydrogen production, suggesting that butyrate formation favored hydrogen production. Ethanol increased significantly from day 4 when hydrogen Production stopped. It indicated that heat-shocked sludge was able to induce a metabolic flow from hydrogen-and acid-producing pathway to solvent-producing pathway. Operation at D of $4.5d^{-1}$ led to higher fermentation efficiency (58%) than those (51.5, 55.3 and 53.7%) at 2.1, 3.6 and $5.5d^{-1}$. The COD removed was convened to hydrogen (10.1%), VFA (30.9%), and ethanol (17.0%).

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.127-131
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• 2007

This study evaluated the bactericidal effect of 10 sanitizers and disinfectants such as ethanol (75 and 95%), iodine (15 and 25 ppm), chlorine (100 and 200 ppm), quaternary ammonium, acid, hydrogen peroxide, and peroxide acetic acid against V. parahaemolyticus. Ten strains of V. parahaemolyticus isolated from Korean foods and 4 strains of standard V. parahaemolyticus were compared for efficacies of various sanitizers and disinfectants by EN 1276 method based on quantitative suspension test. Ethanol (75 and 95%), 25 ppm of iodine, 100 ppm of quaternary ammonium, 145 ppm of hydrogen peroxide and acid showed more than $5log_{10}CFU/mL$ reduction in both clean and dirty conditions. Tests result of chlorine (100 ppm) showed more than $5log_{10}CFU/mL$ reduction in clean condition. Iodine (15 ppm) showed more than $5log_{10}CFU/mL$ reduction except 4 isolated and 1 standard V. parahaemolyticus in clean condition. iodine (15 ppm) also showed under $5log_{10}CFU/mL$ reduction $(0.93{\sim}3.73log_{10}CFU/mL)$ in dirty condition. Eleven hundred ppm of hydrogen peroxide was evaluated as weak sanitizer and disinfectant due to their $0.99{\sim}4.79log_{10}CFU/mL$ reduction on both clean and dirty conditions. Consequently, ethanol, iodine (25 ppm), chlorine (200 ppm), quaternary ammonium, acid and peroxide acetic acid were thought to be effective sanitizer and disinfectant against V. parahaemolyticus.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.329-335
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• 2017

Analysis method was presented for the simultaneous determination of nine bisphenol A related compounds such as bisphenol A (BPA), phenol, p-tert-butylphenol, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), $BADGE{\cdot}2H_2O$, $BADGE{\cdot}2HCl$, bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE), $BFDGE{\cdot}2H_2O$ and $BFDGE{\cdot}2HCl$ migrated from inner coatings of metal food cans by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. The method was validated by examining the linearity of calibration curve, the limit of detection (LOD), the limit of quantification (LOQ), recovery and uncertainty. The migration tests of nine BPA related compounds were carried out with four food simulants; deionized water (DW), 4% acetic acid, 50% ethanol and n-heptane. There was not any compound detected in DW, 4% acetic acid and 50% ethanol at $60^{\circ}C$ for 30 min and n-heptane at $25^{\circ}C$ for 60 min. BPA and phenol were migrated into 4% acetic acid and 50% ethanol at $95^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. The concentrations were ranged from 0 to $10.77{\mu}g/L$ of BPA and from 0 to $2.35{\mu}g/L$ of phenol. Canned foodstuffs mostly have long-term shelf life. We investigated migration of nine BPA related compounds according to the variation in storage periods (0~90 days) and temperatures (4, 25 and $60^{\circ}C$). All compounds were not founded during 90 days at $4^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$, respectively. However BPA and $BADGE{\cdot}2H_2O$ were founded in DW and 4% acetic acid at $60^{\circ}C$. The migration levels of BPA and $BADGE{\cdot}2H_2O$ were close to the value of LOQ, respectively and did not change significantly as storage period. It was founded from results that the migration of BPA related compounds from metal food cans was controlled to a safe level.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.133-141
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• 2023

We conducted a 5 × 5 diallel cross-combination test using 1,060 chickens from pure lines of Korean Rhode-C, -D, Korean Leghorn-F, -K, and Korean Native Yellowish-brown chicken (KNC-Y) to develop a new Korean native chicken layer breeder. The laying performance and combining ability, including livability, body weight, age of first egg-laying, hen-day egg production, and egg weight, were analyzed. The livability from birth to 48 weeks was 72.1±24.0%, with the highest observed in the YC and the lowest in the DK combination (P<0.01). The YC combination exhibited the highest general combining ability (GCA), while the YD combination showed the highest specific combining ability (SCA). Regarding body weight, combinations involving Leghorn showed lighter weights compared to combinations with Rhode and KNC-Y (P<0.01). Additionally, the offspring from the KNC-Y combination reached sexual maturity earlier than those from the Rhode combination. The hen-day egg production was 70.7±12.0%, with the highest seen in the CK combination at 86% (P<0.01). The effects of GCA and SCA on hen-day egg production were similar, with the SCA being highest in the YD combination and the GCA being highest in the Rhode-C. Significant differences in egg weight were observed among the combinations, with the eggs from Rhode and Leghorn combinations being heavier than those from combinations with KNC-Y (P<0.01). In conclusion, the YC and YD combinations, characterized by excellent livability, are highly desirable paternal strains, while the CF and CK combinations, with excellent laying performance and moderate egg weight, are preferred maternal strains for Korean native chicken layer breeders.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.491-497
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• 2014

Nowadays, starfish is one of problems about interruption of marine ecosystem, so many researchers are focusing on application of the starfish (Asterias amurensis). In this study, we investigated the contractile and relaxant activity of the smooth muscles and the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of six different tissues (muscle, gut, liver, tube feet, gonads, and body) of A. amurensis. Frozen samples were extracted with distilled water containing 1% acetic acid. Extracts from all the tissues, except the body tissue, showed potent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli D31. The dorsal retractor muscles (DRM) of muscle and gut extracts showed strong contraction responses. On the other hand, contractile activity on esophagus of squid Todarodes pacificus could be detected in all tissues tested. The contractile activity of the liver extract was higher than that of the other tissues. The body, tube feet, and liver extracts showed the contractile activity on the intestine of the panther puffer fish (Takifugu pardalis). Relaxation response on the DRM of starfish (A. pectinifera) was observed in all tissues tested. Increased antioxidant activity was observed in the gut, liver, and body extracts. The results suggest that the starfish (A. amurensis) is a potential source of novel bioactive compounds.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.411-416
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• 2002

Yogurt base was prepared from whole milk and skim milk added with 0.2∼1.0% (w/v) of Saururus chinensis(Lour.) Bail water extract (SCe) and fermented with lactic acid bacterias (the mixed strain of Streptococcas themophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus) at 37$\^{C}$ for 24 hr. Quality characteristics of the yogurt were evaluated in terms of acid production, number of viable cells, viscosity and sensory property during lactic acid fermentation. The composition of organic acids was also measured by HPLC. Addition of SCe stimulated the growth of lactic acid bacteria and remarkably enhanced the acid production. The viscosity and lactic acid content of yogurt were also increased by addition of SCe. The sensory score of yogurt added with 0.4% of SCe was significantly higher than other groups in taste and overall acceptability The storage abilities of yogurts added with SCe were relatively good at 5$\^{C}$ for 15 days.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.787-798
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• 2017

This is a study on characteristics according to the material of sheet-type mask packs being sold on the market. The absorption capacities of water soluble components such as purified water, 1.3-propanediol, 1.3-butylene glycol, glycerine, and hyaluronic acid are compared with that of various oils including cyclomethicone, dimethicone, phytosqualane, caprylic capryl triglyceride, grape seed oil, and macadamia nut oil. As a result, all of the water soluble components except purified water showed higher moisture absorption capacity as the viscosity increased. And in case of oil, all oil showed higher oil absorption capacity according to the viscosity. During this test, the mask sheets with the type of acetic acid fermented bio-cellulose showed 500~1,000 times or more absorption capacity on water soluble wetting agent or all oils, which is due to the fine mesh structure seen in the 5,000x enlarged photograph at surface structure. This mesh structure was well recognized on the cross section and these structural features enhance the absorption capacity of water and oil. It is also believed that largely contained water-soluble components and oils facilitate the discharge over time. In addition, since each mask sheet shows their characteristics according to their material, it is intended to be a basic research for manufacturing mask packs good for skin.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.522-526
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• 2010

Bacterial cellulose is produced by the bacterium Gluconacetobacter xylinus, which forms a nanofibrous pellicle in its culture medium. We studied properties of the bacterial cellulose such as crystallinity, viscosity, morphology, and mechanical properties according to the carbon source. Static cultures of Gluconacetobacter sp. V6 were performed in three kinds of media: standard Hestrin-Schramm medium, and modified medium with either glycerol or molasses as carbon sources. Cell growth and cellulose yield were increased in the glycerol and molasses media. The culture in the glycerol medium improved the physical properties of cellulose such as crystallinity, intrinsic viscosity, and breaking stress. However, the culture in the molasses medium decreased crystallinity, crystallite size, and intrinsic viscosity of cellulose. In summary, the cellulose yield was remarkably improved in the molasses medium, but with inferior structural properties.