• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.19-44
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• 2013

The present study aimed at investigating how Korean housekeeper in midlife revaluate their lives. For this purpose, 14 housekeepers whose youngest child was at least older than high school students were interviewed in a semi-structured retrospective method. The interview was focused on relational, psychological, and economical aspects of the participants before and after marriage each. The interview usually continued one and a half to two hours. The phenomenological method describing personal meaning of experiences was referred to for data analyses by transforming retrospective life story of participants into key meaningful units. According to main retrospective contents of each stage of development, the participants' childhood and adolescence was characterized by familial circumstances, formation of personality and value, and career choice. Main themes of their early adulthood were spouse selection and marriage, marital adaptation, and family relationships. Their midlife focused on children, economic and emotional stability, family relationships, acceptance of their spouse and themselves, and health and religion. Life styles of the participants were analyzed in terms of turning events, meanings of current life, and cumulative effects of life events. These findings were discussed in terms of developmental pattern in relation to the established theory of development.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.99-104
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• 2021

The purpose of the study is to examine the impact of self-esteem and unstable adult attachment on compensatory consumption among millennials. The survey was conducted on millennials (19~34) in June, 2018. The results revealed the static relationship between self-esteem and compliment-type compensatory consumption, while the relationship of self-esteem with consolation-type compensation consumption become insignificant when unstable adult attachment was controlled. Unstable adult attachment(anxiety/avoidance) showed significant impace on both compliment-type and consolation-type compensatory consumption. The research findings imply that compensatory consumption behaviors can be explained with psychological and relational factors among consumers in their early adulthood.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.57-63
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• 2015

Background and Objectives: Internet addiction is an increasing problem in Korea. The previous studies in this area have targeted adolescents and young adults. This study was conducted to examine the risk of internet addiction in Korean adults and the effect of internet addiction on circadian rhythm. Materials and Methods: For this study, 508 subjects were chosen through population proportional sampling to represent the adult population in Korea, 325 of whom were included based on the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Korea (Audit-K), Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), drug use in the past year, and suicide attempts. In these subjects, sociodemographic factors including age, gender, and residential area were analyzed, and Young's Internet Addiction Scale (IAS), Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), and an online survey examining sleep onset time on weekdays and weekends, wake-up time, and caffeinated drink intake were executed. Results: Of the 325 subjects, 136 (41.8%) belonged to a high-risk internet addiction group ($IAS{\geq}40$), and 189 (58.2%) belonged to a normal group (IAS < 40). There was a high proportion of male subjects (p = 0.03) in the high-risk group compared to the normal group. There was a high proportion of younger subjects (p = 0.055) in the high-risk group compared to the normal group, but this difference was not statistically significant. Compared to the normal group, there was a high proportion of the evening type ($MEQ{\leq}41$) in the high-risk group (p = 0.024), who also showed a high proportion of caffeinated drink intake (p < 0.001). Also, the high-risk group was found to go to bed and wake up late, but there was no statistically significant difference with the normal group. Conclusion: This study showed that many adults have a high-risk of internet addiction, and there was a significant correlation between internet addiction and sleep in adult, as has been found in adolescents and early adults. In the future, a longitudinal study will be needed to verify the causal relationship between internet addiction and morningness-eveningness.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.279-292
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• 2014

Nd isotopic compositions analyzed from the Phanerozoic granitoids of Korea are integrated and discussed. Variations in Nd isotopic compositions can be explained either by temporal trend or by regional differences. Among the three active periods, first two periods during the Permian-Triassic and Jurassic seem to show variations from rather high ${\varepsilon}_{Nd}(t)$ values at the beginning to lower ${\varepsilon}_{Nd}(t)$ values during the later stages. Such trends probably reflect melting of the subducting oceanic crust and producing magma with higher proportion of depleted mantle derived materials during the early stage of subduction process, and subsequent magmas with greater proportion of old continental crust with progress of subduction. However, the Cretaceous-Paleogene period of active magmatism displays higher ${\varepsilon}_{Nd}(t)$ values during the advanced stage of the igneous activities, which is opposite to the previous active periods. The other explanation is that such differences in ${\varepsilon}_{Nd}(t)$ reflect regional differences, based on the observations that such high-${\varepsilon}_{Nd}(t)$ granitoids distribute in the northeastern Gyeongbuk Province and Gyeongsang Basin. If this is the case, the regions with highr ${\varepsilon}_{Nd}(t)$ values may have distinct crustal evolution histories, e.g. younger average age. The choice between the two hypothesis could be made through further studies.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.264-281
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• 2015

Suicidal ideation has received much attention from both practitioners and researchers as Korean society becomes aging and individualistic. However, previous researches on the suicide ideation have focused on young generations instead of adults who seem to be more suffered from economic pressure and all kinds of exterior environments causing depression. Besides, there were research voids in the suicidal ideation area where depression was never taken into consideration. In this sense, we attempted to launch empirical studies on analyzing explanatory factors relevant to suicidal ideation in all the age groups by using KNHANES dataset from 2008~2012 years. Especially, we further analyzed KNHANES dataset to know how much depression affects suicidal ideation. Empirical results showed that depression is in a significant relationship with the suicidal ideation in all the demographic dimensions such as age, education, living area, etc.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.321-327
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to find out how the adult's mental health in Korea has an impact on the quality of the life. By using '2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey' data, 4,211 people among 20-year-old to 59-year-old adults were enrolled in this study. Frequency and percentage t-test using the SPSS WIN18.0 Multiple regression analysis was conducted and the results of this study are as follows. First, it is showed that in the 20s and 30s the females are a little more sleep than the males regarding the relationship between sleeping hours and the quality of the life of adult men and women. However, there are no differences between the 40s and 50s groups. Second, it is indicated that adult men are higher than women for the subjective health status when it comes to the subjective health status and the usual perceived stress. Although there are no statistical differences according to the gender in the 40s and the 50s, they have a little stress in general. Third, it is confirmed that only the subjective health status and usual stress perception give an beneficial influence on the quality of adult's life in the adult's mental health variations and the quality of life. In summary, this study was found that the adults in the 20s and 50s could increase their satisfaction of their life if they have more positive thinking and less stress from their life. Therefore, the systematical education and programs to manage the health and stress are required.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.403-410
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• 2004

Bimodal speech recognition systems have been proposed for enhancing recognition rate of ASR under noisy environments. Visual feature extraction is very important to develop these systems. To extract visual features, it is necessary to detect exact lip position. This paper proposed the method that detects a lip position using color similarity model and SVM. Face/Lip color distribution is teamed and the initial lip position is found by using that. The exact lip position is detected by scanning neighbor area with SVM. By experiments, it is shown that this method detects lip position exactly and fast.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.305-323
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• 2019

The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) is the most widely used instrument to measure life satisfaction. This study examined the factor structure and measurement equivalence of SWLS across age and gender in Korea. A total of 936 data were analyzed, comprising 433 college students (195 males and 238 females) and 503 middle-aged adults (237 males and 266 females). The results are as follows. Firstly, the data supported a modified single-factor model with correlations between error variances of items 4 and 5. Therefore, items 4 and 5 reflecting the past were found to share a distinct meaning with other items. Secondly, SWLS showed full strict invariance by gender, but only showed partial strict invariance between college students and middle-aged adults. These results indicate that meaningful comparisons of SWLS scores across gender may be valid, but careful attention should be paid when comparing age groups.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.3 s.83
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• pp.435-443
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• 2007

Antimicrobial susceptibility test of the 116 strains of Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolates were performed by a broth micro-dilution method against to moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin minocycline, erythromycin, josamycin, and tetracycline. The initial-minimum inhibitory concentration (I-MIC) was evaluated as the lowest concentration of antimicrobial agents that prevented a color change in the medium at that time when the drug-free growth control, about 7 days after incubation, and the final-minimum inhibitory concentration (F-MIC) was defined a color change about 14 days after incubation. The evaluation to the drug-resistant M. pneumoniae isolates were determined the $MIC{\pm}1.0$ ${\mu}g/ml$ of each antimicrobial agent. According to the I-MIC, single drug-resistant M. pneumoniae strains to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, clarithromycin and erythromycin were 79.3, 53.5, 10.3, and 7.8%, respectively. Two kinds of drug-resistant M. pneumoniae strains to ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, or ciprofloxacin and clarithromycin were 42.2 and 9.5%. Three kinds of drug-resistant M. pneumoniae strains to erythromycin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, or ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and clarithromycin were 6.9 and 6.0% . According to the F-MIC, single drug-resistant M. pneumoniae strains to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, minocycline,erythromycin, josamycin, clarithromycin and sparfloxacin were 91.4, 91.4, 91.4, 89.7, 68.1, 52.6, 28.5, and 11.2%, respectively. The incidence of two kinds of drug-resistant M. pneumoniae strains were from 20.7% to 91.4%, three kinds of drug-resistant M. pneumoniae strains were from 28.5% to 89.7%, four kinds of drug-resistant M. pneumoniae strains were 2.6%, five kinds of drug-resistant M. pneumoniae were from 2.6% to 21.6%, six kinds of drug-resistant M. pneumoniae strains were from 0.9% to 24.1%, seven kinds of drug-resistant M. pneumoniae strains were from 0.9% to 2.6%, and eight kinds of drug-resistant M. pneumoniae strains were 1.7%. These results suggest that sparfloxacin, moxifloxacin and levofloxacin might be promising antimicrobial agents for the treatment of M. pneumoniae infection in Korea. However, most strains of M. pneumoniae isolates were single or multi-resistance pattern to the other tested antimicrobial agents. Therefore, tetracycline, minocycline, erythromycin, clarithromycin, and second-generation quinolones are more carefully used to patients with M. pneumoniae infection in Korea.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.1159-1165
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• 2013

Powder blasting, which is an efficient micromachining method for glass, silicon, and ceramics, has a critical disadvantage in that the surface finish is poor owing to the brittle fracture of materials. Low-pressure waterjet machining can be applied to smoothen the rough surface inside the blasted structure. In this study, the surface roughness and sectional dimension of micro-channels are observed during the repetitive application of a waterjet to blasted micro-channels. The asperities and subsurface cracks created by blasting are removed by waterjet machining. Along with the surface roughness, it is found that the sectional dimension increases and the edges of the finished micro-channel become slightly round. Finally, a microfluidic chip is machined by the blasting-waterjet process and a transparent microfluidic channel is obtained efficiently.