• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.386-389
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• 2009

SCADA 시스템은 대개 생산 공정을 감시하고 제어하는데 사용되는 소프트웨어 패키지로써, 대부분 대규모 플랜트 상태를 감시하고 제어하기 위해 사용된다. 특히, 전력, 댐 철도, 원자력 등과 같은 주요 핵심기반시설에서 이를 활용한다. 기존 SCADA 시스템은 일반적으로 분리된 독자적 네트워크상에서 존재했기 때문에 보안에 소홀할 수밖에 없었다. 그러나 최근 기업정보시스템과의 연동 필요성으로 인해 아주 적게나마 원격에서 접속가능한 지점이 존재하고 이로 인한 취약성이 드러나고 있다. 이처럼 외부 공격에서의 취약성 분석을 통한 연구는 현재 진행 중에 있지만, 물리적인 접속을 통한 RTU Master와 Slave의 데이터를 직접적인 변조에 대한 연구는 이루어지지 않고 있다. Modbus RS485통신을 사용하는 SCADA 시스템의 특성상 RTU Master와 Slave는 RJ11 케이블을 통해 1km까지도 연결될 수 있는 상황이므로, 이러한 케이블에 물리적인 접속을 통하여 데이터를 Sniffing하고 Spoofing하는 것이 가능하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이러한 물리적인 접속을 통한 데이터 변조 공격에 대비하기 위하여 RSS를 활용한 보안 향상 방안에 대하여 연구하였고, 이러한 데이터 변조 공격을 검출해 낼 수 있는 모니터링 시스템에 대하여 제안하였다.

• LOGISTICS
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• v.2 no.4 s.6
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• pp.62-67
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• 2004

지난 5월 1일부로 동유럽 10개국이 유럽연합(EU)에 가입했다. 동유럽 10개국이 EU에 가입했다는 것은 두 가지 측면에서 역사적 장애물을 제거하는 계기가 될 것이다. 하나는 사회주의체제를 벗어나 자본주의 체제로 편입되는 체제전환을 추구해왔으니 구소련이 주도하던 바르샤바동맹국으로서 몸에 베었던 의식과 체제의 잔재를 씻어내기 어려웠으며 이러한 잔재들은 동유럽 국가들의 경제$\cdot$사회 발전을 가로막는 역사적 장애요인으로 작용해 왔다. 따라서 EU가입은 이러한 역사적 장애요인을 극복하는 중요한 계기가 될 것으로 예상된다. 동유럽 10개국은 모든 사회$\cdot$경제 거래를 EU기준에 맞춰야 하며, 도로$\cdot$철도$\cdot$해운$\cdot$항공 등 물류부문에서도 EU의 기준을 충족시켜야 하는 ‘EU 공동체 확적영역’을 수용해야 한다. 따라서 동유럽 물류시장은 EU가입 이후 경제 및 교역발전에 따른 양적 팽창이외에 물류관련 기준과 거래관행이 개선되는 질적 발전도 가능하게 될 것이다. 우선 역내 통관절차가 단순해지는 등 사람, 자본, 화물의 이동이 자유화됨으로써 물동량이 크게 늘어날 것으로 예상되고 또한 동유럽 국가들은 EU로부터 운송 인프라 개발 및 현대화에 필요한 경제적 지원도 받게 된다. 한국해양수산개발원(KMI)은 ‘EU 가입 동유럽 물류시장의 특징과 시사점’이라는 현안분석을 통해 이같이 밝히고 우리나라 물류기업이 동유럽 시장에 진출하는 경우 제조업과 동반진출하고 현지업체와의 제휴관계를 모색하는 것이 바람직하다는 대응방향을 제시했다. 동 현안분석 내용을 요약$\cdot$정리한다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.5D
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• pp.519-525
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• 2012

This study suggests 3 different elements to develop a rail station-influenced area effectively. Above all, several typical models of TOD (Transit Oriented Development)are suggested. They consider the land use types around a rail station, characteristics of a rail station whether it serves a single line or multiple lines. a method of developing a rail station-influenced area. Secondly, the optimal level of service is suggested for connection facility and access modes. Finally, the allocation criteria of on-and-off facility to provide convenient transfer activity.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.231-239
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• 2022

In this study, we applied ENERWATER to evaluate the energy consumption labeling of wastewater treatment plants in Korea using the Korea sewerage statistics data. The results showed that the energy label status was excellent in the SBR process for small and medium-scale wastewater treatment plants and the A2O process for large-scale wastewater treatment plants. The energy labeling of wastewater treatment plants of 50,000 tons capacity was excellent. The statuses of metropolitan cities and Jeollanam-do province were excellent. We analyzed the effects of renewable energy on wastewater treatment plants' energy consumption and found out that digestion gas for large-scale plants and photovoltaic energy for small-scale plants were effective in improving energy labeling. In addition, we compared the energy labels of four wastewater treatment plants in "Z" city and wastewater treatment plant "X" had the best energy label, and the wastewater treatment plants "V" and "Y" had to be selected as priorities for the energy diagnosis and improvement project. In a comprehensive conclusion, the applicability of ENERWATER was confirmed based on sewage statistics data and labeling can be used to set priorities for the energy diagnosis and improvement project.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

Within the urban area, over the past decades unused land and public land such as streams and road sides have given urban residents a space for farming (urban farms). However, because this use is illegal, farming in unused and public lands could cause conflicts between urban farm users and land owners, degrade the quality of the urban landscape and contaminate the environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide a way of legalizing these farming practices that have been cultivated in unused urban areas and public lands. This study analyzed the status of distribution and use of the urban farms that have been scattered around urban areas in many different forms. The survey was conducted through on-the-spot investigation and in-person interviews with farm users and those who were operating weekend farms in the Siji region of Daegu Metropolitan City. According to the results of this study, urban farms were mainly found in green areas that were easily accessible from residential districts and prohibited from development. It was also revealed that the nearer to the border of the residential districts the sites of urban farms were, the larger the number of urban farms was. When it comes to the type of land use, although the proportion of urban farms located in farmlands was very high, the proportion of those located on state-owned lands such as roads, railroads and streams was also high, over 1/3 of that of the former sites. Among the users of urban farms, the percentage of users who were farming private-owned land for free was highest and that of state-owned land without permission ranked second. Most people who were farming unused lands or state-owned lands without permission, such as streams, roads, railroads, were the elderly. This shows the potential of farms in urban area as leisure activities spaces for the elderly. Even though this study has limitations in that the survey target area was selected in a certain area and the sizes of all urban farms were not measured by surveying apparatus and instruments, it helps to determine the characteristics of use and distribution associated with the spaces of urban farming, and to raise the importance and necessity of legalizing urban farms cultivated illegally in public land.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.437-445
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• 2015

The layout of facilities, in relation to information and navigational displays, has great influence on subway satisfaction, and tend to vary depending on the types of subway platform and transit station. However, until now, few studies have covered such aspects as of yet. Starting from this viewpoint, the purpose of this study was to use an IPA analysis technique to analyze that satisfaction on the importance of facilities to aid in accessibility, such as elevators and escalators, transit amenities and information and navigational displays depending on the types of platform and transit station. To do so, we've classified 15 metropolitan stations according to types of platform and transit station and analyzed differences in user importance and satisfaction as well as improvements for platforms and transit stations of similar type. By the analysis results of this study, we've concluded that the proper selection and positioning of elevator and escalator facilities and information and navigational displays was important when designing the subway station according to platform type (separate platform) and or according to the transit station type (cross, L, T types) where pedestrian flow heavily intersected. We considered that such analysis results would be helpful in the design of new stations and the enhancement of existing stations pursuant to a new direction that minimizes user inconvenience, and that improvement items should be developed first according to the platform and transit station types, which would be helpful in enhancing the efficiency of the subway improvement cost.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.43-53
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• 2013

In this study, an analysis about the causes of different types of excavation on accidents is required in order to prevent the frequently occurring accidents related to the earth retaining structure and excavation. Also, analysis of influence was performed by using numerical typical soil conditions and construction trend using numerical analysis method. According to the analysis results of 25 accident cases, the main influence factors were found as following: insufficient of soil survey, instability of temporary facility and lack of groundwater treatment, etc. Furthermore, in the numerical analysis result of 22 cases, drainage method was occurred larger settlement than waterproof method in the Inland. In case of applying the earth anchor method, it needs more detailed in the regions, which are discovered soft ground or rock discontinuities. Also, The consolidated clay absolutely needs further consideration of excess hydrostatic pressure.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.467-467
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• 2016

암거는 일반적으로 용수나 배수용의 수로가 도로, 철도, 제방 등의 아래에 매설 된 수로를 지칭한다. 이러한 암거는 산업발전으로 사회기반시설의 신설 및 확충, 재정비 등으로 많이 활용되고 있다. 최근 들어 기후로 인한 재해가 급증하면서 이러한 시설물에 대한 안정성 및 관리에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있는 것이 현실이다. 특히 소하천은 집수면적 및 유로연장이 짧고 하상경사가 급하기 때문에 홍수에 취약하다. 즉, 빨라진 유속으로 인해 구조물 주변의 세굴에 의한 유실, 토사유출로 인한 하상퇴적, 부유물로 인한 차단으로 인해 통수에 지장을 받아 피해가 발생하게 된다. 이러한 암거시설물 피해는 2차 피해로 이어질 수 있으며 사회기반시설 파괴로 도시기능이 마비되고 인근 주변지역에 침수로 인한 재산 및 인명피해까지 발생시킬 수 있는 피해 잠재능력을 보유하고 있다. 그러나 피해에 대한 예방대책은 유지관리를 통해 지속적으로 관리하는 것이 대부분의 지침 등에 소개된 내용들이다. 본 연구에서는 암거를 대상으로 암거의 폐색으로 인해 암거주변에서 변화되는 흐름특성을 축소모형을 통해 검토하고자 하였다. 암거 축소모형실험은 1.5m 폭을 갖는 직선수로에서 수행하였으며, 암거모형은 도로암거표준도(2008)를 참조하여 $3m{\times}3m$ 수로암거를 대상으로 1/10 축소모형을 제작하였다. 암거유입부 퇴적으로 인한 암거의 차단률(차단면적/암거단면적)은 차단이 발생하지 않는 0% 조건에서부터 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% 조건에 대해 실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과 차단에 따른 암거 상류단의 수위는 차단이 없는 암거의 경우에 비해 차단율이 높아질수록 암거유입부 수위는 20.4% ~ 82.7% 상승하는 것으로 나타났다. 암거의 차단률이 40% 이상일 경우 높아진 수위로 인해 암거통로의 윗상면부까지 다다르고 있으며 50%일 경우 암거를 통과하는 흐름이 자유수면흐름이 아닌 오리피스 흐름이 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 암거유입부 차단으로 인한 암거주변의 최대유속은 암거 직하류부에서 주로 발생하여 암거 유출부에서의 최대유속은 차단율이 증가할수록 선형적으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며 암거 유출부에서의 유속은 차단전의 조건(0%) 대비 4.2% ~ 35.5% 까지 상승하는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과를 토대로 고려하였을 때 대부분 산지부에서 설치되는 암거의 경우 유속이 불가피하게 증가하게 됨으로 유속에 따른 유속조절방안(차단 및 우회시설) 및 세굴대책을 세워야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.262-269
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• 2019

This study was conducted to pave the way for the development and operation of education and training programs to nurture skilled North Korean construction workers. Such programs would help to meet the expanded demand for setting up infrastructure, which is the backbone of the two Koreas' economic cooperation and mutual development. To achieve this initiative, the targets and scopes of education and training were determined by classifying business types for education and training purposes by construction sector. Furthermore, each education and training course and their allocated time frames were analyzed. Issues related to inter-Korean economic cooperation in the border area were also analyzed to determine regional characteristics. Education and training programs were thus classified into three types of infrastructure units: society, industry, and life infrastructure units. Social infrastructure units are the common demand of the whole border area, including construction of roads, railways, and harbors, as well as inspection and maintenance. Industrial infrastructure units are programs for industrial facilities centering on the designated special economic zone in the western part of the border area. Life infrastructure units are programs for infrastructure facilities such as large, complex facilities and residential facilities for the eastern tourist belt side.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.149-156
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• 2021

This study collected and analyzed case studies related with the use of spatial information in North Korea to prioritize construction and required supporting processes in order to propose a short-term and long-term road map for the establishment of spatial information in North Korea. Recent research cases related to the prioritization of spatial information development were analyzed, and priority for the construction of infrastructure was derived based on the interconnectedness and relationship of national infrastructure. Due to the inaccessibility and remoteness of North Korea, all of the five studies determined priorities according to questionnaires and consulting of refugees and knowledgeable figures by expert groups. In summary, priority was given to unarmed and transborder areas, major cities, special zones, and development zones, while in terms of facilities, priority was given to power communication, railroads, water and sewage architectural buildings, roads, and dams. In the case of prioritizing the establishment of national infrastructure for the unified Korean Peninsula, the development of major areas, ports, and the related city-level spots to develop a line that promotes the sharing of routes such as transportation networks, water, and energy, thus leading to a scenario involving the development of cotton at an urban and national level.