• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.168-174
• /
• 2011

In order to develop safe and economic novel antifungal agents, we prepared 73 methanol extracts from medicinal and edible herbs and examined their 365 solvent fractions using n-hexane, methylene chloride, ethylacetate, butanol and water residue based on the sequential organic solvent fraction method. When using the various fractions in the screening step for antifungal activity, we discovered ethylacetate fraction of Morus alba L., methylene chloride fraction of Pimpinella brachycarpa (MCPB), and n-hexane fraction of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, which all have activities in methanol extracts, as potential sources of antifungal agents. Amongst these, the antifungal activity of P. brachycarpa has not to date been reported on. In addition, the mycelial growth inhibition and spore germination inhibition activities of MCPB against A. niger were confirmed by disc-diffusion assay in a 10 day culture. The MIC and MFC of MCPB were determined as 0.25 and 0.5 mg/ml, respectively. The MCPB has no hemolytic activity against human RBC at 0.5 mg/ml and glycoside-flavonoids are theorized to be active constituents. These results suggest that MCPB has a prominent antifungal activity and that the application of sequential organic solvent fractions, instead of simple natural product extracts, is useful in the screening process of novel bioactive substances.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.158-167
• /
• 2023

The increasing concerns for environmental pollution and depletion of natural resources have prompted the development of environmentally sustainable technologies. Pervaporation has garnered attention in recent decades due to its low energy consumption, environmental impact, and performance efficiency. This method has been used to separate chemical species and dehydrate organic solvents, as the membranes can be fine-tuned to fulfill the desired selectivity. Several separation processes, such as reverse osmosis and distillation, are being utilized in both experimental settings and industrial applications. However, pervaporation has several advantages, such as low operating pressure and temperature and a higher rejection rate. Nonetheless, the current state of membrane technology alone can't suffice the demands of practical applications. Composite membranes, on the other hand, can leverage the benefits of both organic and inorganic materials. Many studies have effectively incorporated inorganic nanomaterials such as graphene oxide (GO) and MXene (MX) in polymeric membranes to tackle the current limitations. This review investigates the recent development of 2D composite membranes in pervaporation and evaluates performance enhancement.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.109-113
• /
• 1980

Organic bases in the dorsal meat of wild common carp, Cyprinus carpio, were analyzed as a part of the studies on the taste compounds of fresh-water fishes. The male and female meat showed no significant differences in contents of total creatinine, betaine, TMA and TMAO. The most abundant basic compound was total creatinine $(ca.\;400mg\%)$. The amount of betaine was poor $(ca.\;66.5mg\%)$ and TMA and TMAO were trace in content $(below\;1mg\%)$.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.402-408
• /
• 1994

For the examination of the role of monocerin(1) on the biological activity, (8S, 9S, 11R)-(-)-monocerin(20) and (9S, 11R)-(+)-fusarentin 4, 5-dimethyl ether(19) were synthesized by a condensation of the benzylic anion of ethyl 2, 3, 4-trimethoxy-6-methylbenzoate(16) with modifyed (R)-ethyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate (9). In a key step, bioreduction with active dried baker's yeast in organic solvent system was employed to get a chiral aldehyde 12. Their phytotoxic activities were tested on rice seedlings and lettuce seeds.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.370-377
• /
• 2005

Dispersion of coagulant should be completed in a fraction of a second before the metal hydroxide precipitate has form. For the reason so-called pump diffusion flash mixing (PDFM) have been proposed, and PDFM is one of reasonable methods to quickly disperse the hydrolyzing metal salts. In this study, therefore, we attempt to understand the difference of removal characteristics of natural organic matter (NOM) between pump diffusion flash mixing (PDFM) and conventional rapid mixing (CRM) for coagulation in a water treatment system, and to enhance the removal of NOM through the improved mixing process. DOC and turbidity removal by PDFM higher than those by CRM, while SUVA value of water treated by PDFM was high as compared with that by CRM. Hydrophilic NOM was more effectively removed by PDFM than CRM, since charge neutralization effect increased by quick dispersion of coagulant. The DBP formation potentials due to NOM was effectively reduced by the improved mixing (i.e., PDFM) for coagulation and could be controlled through decrease in concentration of precursor rather than reduction of activity with disinfectant.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.289-295
• /
• 2011

Recently, the number of customers who want natural cosmetics without petroleum originated cosmetic ingredients is increasing over the world, however, there are few natural cosmetics that claim functionality in the products. Because there are few functional cosmetic ingredients from nature and though so, it is very difficult to stabilize the final products manufactured by using those functional cosmetic ingredients in the long period. This study is on stabilization of oleanolic acid, insoluble anti-wrinkle cosmetic ingredients from nature, with hydrogenated lecithin in the solubilization product, aiming for developing a formulation of solubilization products which can be certified as organic cosmetics. In case of other synthetic solubilizers, they showed unstability at $45^{\circ}C$ within 2 ~ 3 days, however, for natural origin hydrogenated lecithin a stable product was made without particle size change during 4 weeks. The stability of oleanolic acid in the solubilization product was measured for 24 weeks at $25^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$, both samples showed over 90 wt% value of the initial one, which can prove that oleanolic acid was stabilized in the product without any degradation. Also through clinical tests, the effect of moisturizing, anti-wrinkle, safety were confirmed.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.194-198
• /
• 2006

Dried raw Ascidians(Halocynthia roretzi) shells harvested from fish farms in southern coast area in Korea were used to extract ${\beta}$-carotene using supercritical carbon dioxide($SCO_2$) and with ethanol as a co-solvent at the range of temperatures and pressures, from 25 to $65^{\circ}C$ and 100 to 350 bar respectively. The size of the dried Ascidians shells was around $850{\mu}m$. The system used this study was a semi-batch flow type high pressure unit. The efficiency of ${\beta}$-carotene extraction using $SCO_2$ with and without co-solvent, ethanol, influenced to pressure and temperature changes. The highest solubility of ${\beta}$-carotene in $SCO_2$ was 1.35 mg/g for ${\beta}$-carotene at $35^{\circ}C$ and 350 bar. With addition of 2(v/v%) ethanol the recovery of ${\beta}$-carotene was 93%. As a result of using n-hexane and methanol for rinse, at $35^{\circ}C$ and 350 bar the amount of ${\beta}$-carotene by methanol rinse was 5 times higher than that of n-hexane rinse.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.449-455
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is to evaluate antimicrobial effects of organic acid and some natural occurring antimicrobials against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from various origins (vegetables, peanut, pea leaf, kim-bab, person, perilla leaf, and animal) and to calculate their MIC and MBC values. Five organic acids (acetic, lactic, citric, malic, and propionic acid), three essential oils (carvacrol, thymol, and eugenol), and two other natural antimicrobials (nisin and cinnamic acid) were evaluated for their antimicrobial effects against 113 strains of S. aureus using combination treatments. Propionic acid (7%), nisin (1%), thymol (1%), carvacrol (1%) showed antimicrobial activities against S. aureus strains in agar disc diffusion test. And, carvacrol, thymol, and nisin were found to be the most effective with the lowest MIC values of 0.0313%, 0.0625%, and 0.0625% against S.aureus, respectively. Propionic acid (0.2313%) and citric acid (0.6000%) were the most effective among organic acids tested. Therefore, these five antimicrobials were selected for next combination treatments. Combination of propionic acid and citric acid were showed the strongest inhibitory effectiveness against S. aureus among combination treatments. These results suggest that organic acid such as propionic and citric acid, and natural occurring antimicrobial such as nisin, carvacrol, and thymol might be possibly used as preservatives for inhibiting S. aureus in foods.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.556-562
• /
• 2001

The antioxidative activity of marine microalgae, Phaeodactylum tricornutum (P. tricornutum) of Bacillariophyceae, was determined by measuring radical scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. The chloroform fraction of P. tricornutum showed strong antioxidative activity, The potential antioxidative activity of factions extracted with mixture solution of organic solvents was detected in dichloromethane : methanol (2 : 1) fraction, This fraction was further purified by preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) and repeated reverse-phase HPLC. On the basis of chemical and spectoscopic evidence from results obtained by UV, FT-IR, EIMS and NMR, the compound purified from P. tricornutum was identified as zeaxanthin.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.38-49
• /
• 2010

The technology of anaerobic digestion of organic wastes has been researched for the production of biogas in various purposes. Biogas comes from anaerobic digestion and landfill in which that of main components are methane and carbon dioxide containing small amount of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. Biogas can either be used directly on the site where it is generated after proper upgrading or distributed to external customer via separate pipelines like natural gas. There are four basic ways biogas can be utilized such as production of heat and steam, electricity production, vehicle fuel and production of chemicals. There is no international technical standard for biogas use but some countries have developed national standards and procedures for biogas use. In this paper, technical standards of biogas depending on purpose have reviewed for the several countries.