• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.183-193
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• 2016

This study attempted to investigate the possibility of the use of Morinda citrifolia (MC) as a cosmetic ingredient from its physiological activities such as antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity and anti-aging effect. MC is a tropical plant that has been used as traditional polynesian foods and medicines for over two thousand years. It has been reported that this shrub can improve antimicrobial, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects and strengthen an immune system. The in vitro antioxidant activity of MC was performed to see the DPPH scavenging activity by measuring total polyphenol content and total flavonoid content. As a result, a lack of any cytotoxicity was confirmed in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) cell. When MC extract at a concentration of over $50{\sim}100{\mu}g/mL$ was added, MMP-1 expression considerably diminished. In an in vivo test, in addition, cream containing MC extract was prepared and applied to a total of 22 women in their 30 ~ 50s in ages in the morning and in the evening for four weeks. Changes in keratin, melanin index, pore, skin color and wrinkles under the naked eyes were then comparatively measured. Keratin levels slightly increased in the control group but decreased in the experimental group. In addition, wrinkles diminished in the experimental group. This study found that MC extract controls many MMP-1 related mechanisms with great potential for use as a natural ingredient of anti-aging cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.336-347
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• 1985

Soils and rice plants subject to smoke from the Jang-hang Smelter were samples at two depths to assess the nature and extend of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn contamination, particularly with respect to distance from pollution source. Soils at east site within 1km of the center of the smelter were highly contaminated with Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Metal levels in the smoke-polluted area were higher in surface soil than in subsurface soil, and decreased rapidly with distance reaching nearly background levels at 5km from pollution source. A position correlation was found between contents of total and 0.1 N HCl-extractable, or 1.0N $CH_3COONH_4$- extractable heavy metals in surface soils of pollution. Contents of heavy metals in soils were positively correlated with soil organic matter and cation exchange capacity. The contents of heavy metals in brown rice collected from the paddy field around the Jang-hang Smelter were in the range of 0.23-1.33 ppm for Cd, 2.39-6.25 for Cu, 0.95-8.32 ppm for Pb and 14.60-27.31 for Zn. The contents of Cd, Cu, and Zn in rice straw were positively correlated with those in the brown rice. Negative correlation was found between the contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in brown rice and the distance from the source.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.4-17
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• 2011

The Baekje's cotton fabrics were excavated from 'Neungsan-ri temple site in Buyeo' (September 1999-April 2000) and stored at Buyeo National Museum after conservation treatment. In this study, it carred out non-destructive, chemical and morphological analysis for fiber identification, also considered on influx, features and difference between the 'Baek-cheop-po(Three kingdom period's cotton fiber)' and 'Mok-myeon(imported by Munikjeom, late Korea dynasty)'. As a result, the fiber proved cellulose fiber through analytical researches like color reaction, FT-IR(chemical analysis). It was also confirmed lumens, typical dimensional structure(morphological analysis) as an features of cotton fiber. The fiber was the first evidence in ancient Korea's cotton. But it can not prove that whether weaving were made in Baekje's area. However there were documentation that people in Beakje make cloth to silk fabric from 'Mahan period'. We can suppose that they have had an old weaving techniques. This study has a great historical, academic values as the only evidence for the hypothesis of a weaving technique of the Baekje's cotton. Through comparison to each region's ancient cottons, we can investigate the species of Baekje's cotton and ancient Korea cotton's influx.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.1023-1026
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the estrogen-like activities of eight oriental medicines, including red ginseng, fenugreek, and dandelion. Hot water and ethanol extracts were prepared from Cervus nippon temminck (Nokgaksang), Cynanchum wilfordii (Baeksuo), Lespedeza cuneata (Yagwanmun), Panax ginseng (red ginseng), Smilax china (Toryeong), Taraxacum platycarpum (Mindeulre, dandelion), Tribulus terresteis (Namgase), and Trigonella foenum-graecum (Horopa, fenugreek). Then, estrogen-like activities were verified by the in vitro transcriptional activity assay. The extracts showing estrogen-like activities were red ginseng, Baeksuo, fenugreek, Yagwanmun, and dandelion in the ethanol extracts, and red ginseng, fenugreek, and Baeksuo in the hydrothermal extracts. Red ginseng extract showed a higher activity than the standard $10^{-8}M$ $17{\beta}$-estradiol in both the hydrothermal and ethanol extract at $500{\mu}g/ml$, while the $50{\mu}g/ml$ of the red ginseng ethanol extract and the $500{\mu}g/ml$ of the Baeksuo hydrothermal extract showed estradiol activities between $10^{-9}$ and $10^{-8}M$ $17{\beta}$-estradiol. This shows that it would be possible to contribute to the development of functional materials using red ginseng, Baeksuo, fenugreek, and dandelion.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.165-173
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• 2021

Clematis trichotoma Nakai (CTN) is a broad-leaved vine plant belonging to the family Ranunculus, native to Korea. Young leaves are used as food, and the stem and roots are used as medicinal materials. Antioxidant studies have been reported on the stems of CTN, but no studies have been conducted on the leaves. In this study, a 70% ethanol extract of CTN was prepared and its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were investigated. For measuring the antioxidant activity, five assays (polyphenol and flavonoid content, reducing power, 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity) were performed and CTN showed a concentration-dependent effect in all assays. To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity, we used RAW 264.7 cells. The concentrations (from 31.25 to 250 ㎍/mL) of CTN did not show cytotoxicity. CTN (250 ㎍/mL) inhibited dendritic transformation (34.4%) and also inhibited inflammation as seen by reduced levels of NO (77.4%), IL-6 (85.5%) and TNF-α (41.2%) compared to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). CTN (250 ㎍/mL) also suppressed the expression of the following genes: COX-2 (79.8%), iNOS2 (93.9%), IL-6 (87.6%), and TNF-α (77.3%) compared to LPS. These results demonstrated that CTN has excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and can therefore be used as a natural biological resource.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2021

In order to extract the essential oil contained in the Elsholtzia splendense Nakai, a fully-bloomed individual was collected and the living body was used for the experiment. Plants were divided into 0.7kg of flowers and 1.5kg of leaves + stems, and extracted by parts and used for scent pattern analysis, and extracted after adding 5kg of outpost for the analysis of essential oil components. Essential oil extraction was performed using the SDE method improved by Schultz et al. (1977), and the extraction time was limited to 1 hour after the material started boiling. The extracted essential oil component was analyzed for fragrance pattern analysis using an e-nose, and the results of analyzing the substance of the essential oil component by GC-MS are as follows. 1. As for the fragrance pattern analysis, in the case of essential oils extracted from flowers, the scent quality was the best at 10-20 minutes, and the scents extracted from stems and leaves were somewhat of poor scent quality, but the fragrance was good at 10-40 minutes. The intensity of scent was the strongest in 10-20 minutes, and the intensity of incense was high even in 30-40 minutes. The scent extracted from the stems and leaves was generally not strong, but appeared high in 10 to 20 minutes. 2. There were 40 kinds of essential oils contained in Elsholtzia splendense Nakai oil. Among them, Mequinol, Benzene, 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl, Elsholtziaketone, and Dehydroelsholtziaketone were identified.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.331-339
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• 2022

Melanin is a pigment produced by melanocytes to protect the skin from external stimuli, mainly ultraviolet (UV) rays. However, abnormal and excessive production of melanin causes hyperpigmentation disorders, such as freckles, age spots, and discoloration. Natural cosmeceuticals are a new trend for treating or preventing hyperpigmentation due to fewer side effects and biocompatibility. In this context, the current study focused on Cnidium japonicum, a halophyte with several uses in folk medicine, to evaluate its potential as a skin-whitening agent. The effect of C. japonicum extract (CJE) on melanin production was analyzed in melanogenesis-stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells. The results showed that CJE successfully inhibited the oxidation of tyrosine and L-DOPA by tyrosinase and subsequently decreased the production of the key enzymes responsible for melanin production: tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1, and protein-2. This effect was confirmed by decreased intracellular and extracellular melanin levels in B16F10 melanoma cells after CJE treatment. Further experiments to elucidate the action mechanism revealed that CJE treatment suppressed melanin production by inhibiting the activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSKβ)/β-catenin and protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) pathways, which are the upstream activators of melanogenesis. In conclusion, the present study suggests that C. japonicum is a potential natural source of bioactive substances for the development of novel cosmeceuticals that can act against hyperpigmentation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.42
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• pp.37-62
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• 2020

The earth is a natural material that has natural healing power,,as a natural ingredient, it brings environmental friendliness, emotional. In this Research, for one of the methods to expand the benefits as a healing space, Construction of the Earth design and earth construction methods have been actively used for effectiveness of the Earth in the construction of the interior with the oriental medical clinic. By utilizing the concept of biophilic design as a healing environment design, symbolizing nature such as color, light, plants, flowers, and natural materials such as earth and wood was directed as oriental medicine interiors. In addition, the space was divided according to the movement of patients and used different Earth construction method to each of the space for the distinction and differentiation according to the characteristics of each space. At this time, the Earth was constructed with materials and finishing materials that meet the highest grade of HB (Healthy Building), an eco-friendly building material certification grade without additives, so that the interior and medical treatment concept can be done at the same time. By using Earth as the basis of elements in the construction, and the design of healing space, patient the concept of Biophillic as a healing environment design. This may serve as a technical, aesthetic, and cultural basis for constructing a healing space by Earth in the future-oriented alternative, it may lead to necessity of eco-friendly and ecological architecture, and it may be an opportunity to expand the application area of earth in architectural design.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2022

In modern society, interest in antioxidants is increasing as the stress caused by oxidants increases. However, the demand for synthetic antioxidants is decreasing because some studies have confirmed that they are harmful when consumed in large quantities; thus, studies on antioxidants derived from natural substances are actively being conducted to replace synthetic antioxidants. Blueberry, known as one of the world's top ten long-lived foods, is a plant of the Vaccinium (Ericaceae) family, and various pharmacological activities of blueberry including antioxidant activity have been studied. Vaccinium oldhamii (VO) is a deciduous broad-leaved shrub in the same genus as blueberries, and in this paper, we summarize the studies on the efficacy analysis of VO extracts and purified products. The content of phenolic compounds in VO fruits was proportional to antioxidant and anti-influenza activity such as the inhibition of NO production, and the total content of polyphenols and anthocyanin was higher than that in blueberries. VO fruit extracts showed anti-inflammatory activity and anti-cancer activity against human acute leukemia; in contrast, VO branch extracts showed anti-inflammatory activity, activity to inhibit osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption due to inflammatory response, and anti-cancer activity against several human cancer cell lines. Compared to blueberries, VO showed higher phenolic compound content, antioxidant activity, and various physiological activities. In addition, VO is considered to have sufficient value as an alternative crop to blueberries, such as it can be grown natively in Korea, with simple mass cultivation and no need to pay royalties for commercialization.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.411-419
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• 2022

Carotenoids are red, orange, and yellow fat-soluble pigments that exist in nature, and are known as physiologically active substances with various functions, such as provitamin A, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. Because of their physiological activity and color availability, carotenoids are widely used in the food, cosmetics, and aquaculture industries. Currently, most carotenoids used industrially use chemical synthesis because of their low production cost, but natural carotenoids are in the spotlight because of their safety and physiologically active effects. However, the production of carotenoids in plants and animals is limited for economic reasons. Carotenoids produced by bacteria have a good advantage in replacing carotenoids produced by chemical synthesis. Since carotenoids produced from bacteria have limited industrial applications due to low productivity, studies are continuously being conducted to increase the production of carotenoids by bacteria. Studies conducted to increase carotenoid production from bacteria include the activity of enzymes in the bacterial carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, the development of mutant strains using physical and chemical mutagens, increasing carotenoid productivity in strain construction through genetic engineering, carotenoid accumulation through stress induction, fermentation medium composition, culture conditions, co-culture with other strains, etc. The aim of this article was to review studies conducted to increase the productivity of carotenoids from bacteria.