• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1127-1133
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• 2002

Cheonghunhwadam-tang(CHT) have been used in oriental medicine for many centuries as a therapeutic agent of vertigo by wind, fire and phlegm. CHTGR was CHT adding Gastrodae Rhizoma. The effects of CHTGR on the regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure(MABP) is not known. A comparative Study of action-mechanism of CHT and CHTGR on the cerebral hemodynamics is not known too. Therefore, purpose of this Study was to investigate effects of CHT and CHTGR on the rCBF and MABP, compare action-mechanism of CHT and CHTGR on the rCBF and MABP. The changes of rCBF and BP was determinated by Laser-Doppler Flowmetry(LDF). The results were as follows ; CHT extract was increased rCBF in a dose-dependent, but was not changed MABP compared with CHT non-treated group. CHTGR extract was decreased rCBF and MABP compared with CHTGR non-treated group in a dose-dependent. Action of CHT is not related with adrenergic β-receptor, cyclooxygenase and guanylate cyclase, but action of CHTGR is related with guanylate cyclase.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.684-691
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• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant activity and changes in major functional components of fermented Gastrodia elata Blume. Fermented G. elata Blume powder by Phellinus linteus repeated thrice ($3^{rd}$ FGP) showed more DPPH radical scavenging activity than a non-fermented G. elata Blume powder (NFGP), and once fermented G. elata Blume powder ($1^{st}$ FGP) at a concentration of 500 and 1,000 ppm. Free radical scavenging activity of $3^{rd}$ FGP was similar to that of BHA at a dose of 1,000 ppm. Moreover, the ABTS radical scavenging activity of the $3^{rd}$ FGP increased compared to NFGP and $1^{st}$ FGP at a concentration of 31.25 ppm. Total polyphenols and flavonoid contents were increased as fermentation progressed. Ergothioneine content was increased more than 8 times in the $1^{st}$ FGP, 3 times in the $3^{rd}$ FGP, respectively than NFGP. In conclusion, this study indicated that the antioxidant activity and functional component contents of G. elata Blume were increased depending on the fermentation number.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.673-677
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• 2014

HX106N은 용안육, 맥문동, 단삼 및 천마 등의 4가지 식물로 구성된 추출물로서, 선행 연구에서 amyloid ${\beta}$ peptide에 의한 생쥐의 기억력 저하 및 산화 손상을 억제하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이 연구에서는 HX106N이 비선택적 무스카린 수용체 길항제로 잘 알려진 스코폴라민(scopolamine)으로 유도한 콜린성 건망증(cholinergic amnesia)에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 평가하였다. ICR 생쥐에게 스코폴라민(1 mg/kg body weight, i.p.)을 주입하기 1시간 전에 HX106N(100 mg/kg body weight, p.o.)을 투여하였다. 30분 후 수행한 Y-미로 시험(Y-maze test) 및 수동 회피 시험(passive avoidance test)에서 HX106N는 스코폴라민에 의해 감소되는 자발적 변경 행동(spontaneous alternation) 및 지체시간(step-through latency)을 유의미하게 억제하여 건망증을 개선시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 HX106N을 투약 1시간 후 생쥐의 해마와 대뇌피질 부위의 아세틸콜린에스테라제(acetylcholinesterase; AChE)의 활성을 측정한 결과 통계적으로 유의미한 정도의 활성 감소가 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과들을 종합할 때 HX106N은 AD에서 관찰되는 콜린성신경전달 장애로 인한 기억력 저하 억제에 사용될 수 있는 가능성을 가진 것으로 판단된다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.385-389
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• 1995

MeOH extract of Gastrodia elata was fractionated to five solvent fractions, hexane fr (fr I), 90% MeOH fr (fr II), EtOAc fr (fr III), BuOH fr (fr IV) and $H_2O$ fr (fr V). Among the five fractions, fr II, III and IV showed platelet anti-aggregating effects against ADP or collagen induced rat platelet aggregation in vitro. Fr II , III and IV were also tested in vivo, in the mouse and rat models of thrombosis. Oral administration of fr II, III or IV enhanced the recovery from the thrombotic shock in the mouse model of thrombosis to 32-40% from 17% of recovery with the control group of mice. Treatment with fr II, III or IV also attenuated the sudden reduction in the blood platelet count following intravenous collagen injection to rat. The above results were indicative of the presence of anti-platelet and anti-thrombotic components in this plant.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.282-288
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• 2013

Gastrodia elata Blume is a achlorophyllous orchid plant that has been used in traditional medicine to treat many human illnesses, such as vertigo, hemiplegia, and epilepsy. It contains three major pharmacological substances; gastrodin, ergothioneine, and vanillyl alcohol. Here we investigated the quantitative changes in those functional components by cultivation conditions and harvest times. The content of ergothioneine was different with cultivation areas, while gastrodin accumulated the higher levels than vanillyl alcohol regardless of cultivation areas. The smaller tubers contained the higher concentrations of gastrodin and the lower concentrations of ergothioneine than did the larger tubers. The cultivation under sun shade screen increased the concentrations of both gastrodin and vanillyl alcohol but decreased the levels of ergothioneine. We also determined the contents of functional substances depending on the harvest times. The concentration of gastrodin was higher in October than in April, while the level of ergothioneine was higher in April than in October. Interestingly, the use of sexually propagated seed tubers produced 1.9 times higher levels of gastrodin compared to vegetatively propagated seed tubers. In this study, we found that three major functional substances in G. elata tubers altered depending on various cultivation practices, which might be important to increase the economic values of G. elata tubers.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.142-147
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• 2013

Gastrodia elata has been cultivated as an important medicinal resources to treat various human diseases. One of the major problems associated with its field production is the degeneration of seed tubers, which is mainly caused by soil-borne pathogens. This study was conducted to produce disease-free seed tubers by the development of in vitro micropropagation method. First, tubers of G. elata were treated with $HgCl_2$ prior to culturing in vitro. Among various culture medium tested, water agar (WA) and WPM medium were the most effective on the induction and growth of vegetative stems. NAA ($0.1mg/{\ell}$) or TDZ ($1.0mg/{\ell}$) in WA medium showed better growth of vegetative stems compared to other plant hormones. Finally the induction and growth of vegetative stems were better in the dark compared to the light condition. In this study, we established an in vitro micropropagation system of G. elata, which might be an efficient way to increase the yield and quality of G. elata tubers in the field production.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.199-204
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• 1995

Gastrodia elata is a medicinal plant which has been used as anticonvulsant in Korea, Japan and China. This study was conducted to examine the action mechanism of Gastrodia elata centering around the change of GABA and glutamic acid level in brain while observing the anticonvulsive effect in PTZ-induced seizure model. Seizures were reduced effectively by pretreatment of ether soluble part of methanol extract of Gastrodia elata. The pretreatment of ether soluble part inhibited not only the decrease of brain GABA level but also the increase of brain glutamic acid level observed in PTZ model of convulsive dose. Although there was not any change in glutamic acid level, the same development was also observed in the model of subconvulsive dose. From above results, it seems that the anticonvulsive component of Gastrodia elata is lipophilic, and its action mechanism is originated from both control action of GABA level and inhibition of glutaminergic neurotransmission.

• 생약학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.284-289
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• 1999

In order to find active ingradients having an agonistic activity to benzodiazepine receptor from Gastrodia elata Blume (Orchidaceae) which has been used as an anticonvulsant in oriental medicine, one component and some fractions were separated from the butanol extract of the rhizomes of this plant and evaluated for their activities on GABA/benzodiazepine receptor in vitro. As a result, one crude mixture (F4f) obtained from the most active fraction (F4) inhibited significantly the binding of $[^3H]Ro15-1788$, a selective benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, to benzodiazepine receptor of rat cortices. GABA significantly enhanced the inhibition of $[^3H]flunitrazepam$ binding by F4f, and this positive GABA shift supported the strong possibility of the agonistic activity of F4f to benzodiazepine receptor.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.194-199
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• 2004

Cheonmabanhwa-tang(CBT) has been used in the Oriental Medicine for many centuries as a therapeutic agent for dizziness due to Poong-Dam. This study was designed to investigate whether CBT has a cytotoxicity in vitro, and affects the cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), pial arterial diameter(PAD), and mean arterial blood pressure(MABP)) in normal and cerebral ischemic rats. The changes of rCBF were determinated by laser-doppler f1owmeter(LDF), and the change of PAD was determinated by video-microscopy. The results in normal rats were as follows: CBT had no cytotoxicity in neuronal cells. CBT significantly increased rCBF. MABP and PAD in a dose-dependent manner, respectively. Both rCBF and PAD were significantly and stably increased by CBT(10 mg/kg, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion. which contrasted with the findings of rapid and marked increase in control group. In conclusion, it is suggested that CBT causes a diverse effect on cerebral hemodynamics thereby has an anti-ischemic action.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.504-510
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• 2007

Kamicheonmagudeungeum(KCGE), a traditional herbal medicine, has been used as a therapeutic agent for the treatments of acute stage of hypertension. We evaluated the effects of KCGE on hypertension induced by DOCA-salt in rats. The systolic blood pressure and pulse rate significantly lowered by oral administration with KCGE. The levels of plasma hormones including dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine, and serum electrolyte were also reduced in KCGE treated rats. In addition, the production of reactive oxigen species (ROS) were greatly decreased by the treatment with KCGE in cultured bovine endothelial cells and angiotensine converting enzyme (ACE) activites were also inhibited by KCGE in a dose dependent manner. This study indicated that KCGE is a safe and effective treatment for hypertension.