• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.45
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• pp.435-450
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• 2016

Animation is an artificial image created by artist's imagination. Animation is defined as "the art of the animated image" in the sense that immobile images can be seed as a living creature. In other words, the term "diegesis" in modern arts genre is generally considered as something that indicates fictional world in which narration develops. Therefore, when we say that animation world is formed based on diegesis, it represents the fictionality of animation world. The problem occurs at this point. Even thought the animation world is recognized as a fictional world, we contradictorily believe that the event occurring in the screen world are real and accept them as a true message. This condition is called "quasi-emotion". Quasi-emotion is not fake bit not real either, and it is the third emotional state. It happens when we "make believe" that we believe a fictitious figure or a situation. However, in order to actively operate this "make-believe" state, an appropriate environment and props are required, specially metaphorical imagination and storytelling in short animated film. So that this article will draw a conclusion from the method that make-believe the fictional world and communicate the message through analysing the short animate film, form Disney.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.70-79
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• 2013

The $N_2$ back-flushing period (FT) and time (BT) were investigated in hybrid process of ceramic microfiltration and PES (polyethersulfone) beads loaded with titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) photocatalyst for advanced drinking water treatment in viewpoints of membrane fouling resistance ($R_f$), permeate flux (J), and total permeate volume ($V_T$). As decreasing FT and increasing BT, $R_f$ decreased and J increased, and finally the maximum $V_T$ could be acquired at FT 10 min and BT 30 sec. In FT effect experiment, treatment efficiencies of turbidity and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were the highest at no back-flushing (NBF) because of dramatic membrane fouling. As result of BT effect, the treatment efficiencies were the maximum at BT 30 sec, which was different with the FT result. Because the photocatalyst beads could be cleaned effectively as decreasing FT and increasing BT, turbidity treatment efficiency increased a little from 95.4% to 97.5% as decreasing FT, and from 95.9% to 98.5% as increasing BT. Also DOM treatment efficiency increased from 70.8% to 80.6% as decreasing FT, and from 75.1% to 85.8% as increasing BT. The optimal condition, where the treatment efficiencies and $V_T$ were the maximum, should be FT 10 min and BT 30 sec in our experimental range.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.461-469
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• 2012

This study was carried out to find the optimum chemical cleaning (CIP) conditions for ceramic microfiltration membrane process of Y drinking water treatment plant. B train consists of coagulation as pretreatment process with membrane was chemically cleaned 9 times more than that of A train with ozonation and coagulation. The frequent CIP of B train was due to improper CIP method suggested by membrane manufacture as well as different membrane fouling between A and B train resulting from the different pretreatment processes. That is, recovery rate of CIP was overestimated because the rate was calculated based on normalized trans membrane pressure (TMP) rather than normalized permeability. And also, iron oxide fouling was ineffectively removed by citric acid. By using a mixture of 1% citric acid and 0.1 N sulfuric acid as reagent for acid CIP step, the recovery rate of CIP was the highest while CIP efficiency by 0.1 N sulfuric acid was the lowest. When sulfuric acid concentration increased from 0.1 N to 0.3 N in mixture, total recovery rate of CIP was not increased due to the decreased CIP efficiency in alkali CIP step by 0.3% NaOCl although its rate in acid CIP step was increased. It was proved through the experiment result of CIP sequence changes that an acid followed by alkali CIP was more effective than that of the reverse method.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.165-169
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• 1980

Consumer acceptance and preference tests for commercial milk were run with laboratory consumer panel. The results were summarized as follows: 1. According to result of the paired comparison preference test between milk K and each of 4 commercial milk tested a significant difference in the consumer preference was not recognized at 5 percent level 2. According to result of hedonic scale test for commercial milk, a significant difference on both treatment and panel member effect was not recognized at 5 percent level. 3. According to result of food action scale test for commercial milk, the frequency of 'I would drink this every opportunity I had' was the highest as 38 percent. 4. According to the rank test for the determination of the preference for milk flavor on the temperature of sample, the frequency of sampling at $20^{\circ}C$ was the highest. 5. A significant difference on the flavor of milk was recognized among 5 samples of commercial milk by both difference test and profile test as reported in the previous paper (Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 12(3), 150 and 158(1980)), but not by rank test, preference test and hedonic scale test. This fact suggests that rank test, preference test and hedonic scale test are influenced by the difference on the preference of the panel members and on the basis of quality, etc.

• Clean Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.119-128
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• 2002

In the present study the membrane filtration characteristics of a commercially available synthetic water-based cutting oil through two kinds of ultrafiltration membranes (HF1-45-CM50 and HF1-43-CM100) with molecular weight cut-offs of 50,000 and 100,000, respectively, have been investigated in detail. Among these membranes, the hydrophilic one (HF1-45-CM50) was found to show a satisfactory result for both the permeate flux and the permeability of oil components, whereas the permeate flux obtained with the hydrophobic membrane (HF1-43-CM100) appears to be significantly low, indicating that synthetic cutting oil was easily wetted on the hydrophobic membrane surface and induced more membrane fouling. The effect of material characteristics of the membrane on the filtration characteristics was found to be much more significant compared with the mean pore size of the membrane. Backflushing by nitrogen gas was applied to reduce the formation of a gel layer and membrane fouling. With the hydrophilic membrane, the backflushing was found to increase the permeate flux, whereas the backflushing resulted in a decrease in flux for the hydrophobic membrane. The flux recovery was observed to be highest when the membranes fouled with waste synthetic cutting oil were immersed into a cleaning solution for more than 72 hours and then backflushed by nitrogen gas.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.259-270
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of mattering and unconditional self-acceptance in the relationship between college student socially-prescribed perfectionism and social anxiety. For this purpose, a questionnaire was conducted for students in college and a total of 408 copies were used for analysis. The instruments used in the measurement were socially prescribed perfectionism scale(HFMPS), social anxiety scale, mattering scale, and unconditional self-acceptance. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and correlation analysis using SPSS 21.0, and the structural equation model and mediating effects were verified using Mplus 7.0. The results of the study are as follows. First socially-prescribed perfectionism showed a positive correlation with social anxiety but negative correlation with mattering and unconditional self-acceptance. And there was a positive correlation between mattering and unconditional self-acceptance but negative correlation with social anxiety. Second, the mediating effect of mattering was confirmed in the relationship between socially-prescribed perfectionism and social anxiety. Third, the mediating effect of unconditional self-acceptance was confirmed in the relationship between socially-prescribed perfectionism and social anxiety. Fourth, the effect of double mediation of mattering and unconditional self-acceptance was confirmed in relation to socially-prescribed perfectionism and social anxiety in college students. Based on these findings, the implications of the study were presented and the limitations of the study and suggestions for further research were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.202-207
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• 1975

During the term of June, 7 to August 11, the noises in the maine engine room in terms of the r. p. m. of the Pung-Yang Ho (4,500 H. P.), the Chuk-Yang Ho (3,800 H. P.), the Dong-Bang Ho (3,000 H. P.), the Oh-Dae San Ho (2,690 H, P.), the Kwan-Ak-San Ho (1,000 H. P.) and the Back-Kyung Ho (850 H. P.) (Refer to Table 1) were measured with the use of sound level meter, which has measuring range 37-140 dB and the results obtained are as follows : 1. Capacity of the engine room becomes large according to the total H. P. of the main engine, but the vessels are using of a type of engine, i.e., 6 cylinder, and thus the noise, pressure has shown a tendency to become lower except Kwan-Ak-San Ho, Chuk-Yang Ho and Dong Bang Ho where the noise pressure was higher by 3 dB than curve of mean value. 2. The maximum noise pressure appeared even before the main engine reached the maximum r. p. m. and while the percentage of the r. p. m. varied depending on the vessel, the maximum noise appeared at around the $67-75\%$ of the r. p. m. 3. The maximum of noise pressure in the respective engine room ranged between 93.5-105 dB while it was between 72-81 dB at the fish process room in the stern trawl vessel where the oral communications were possible.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.54-69
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• 1994

The purpose of present study was to develop the Korean Version of Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery for Children(LNNB-C), to examine the reliability of it, and to establish the norms for determining the probability of brain damage. The normative group used to standardize the Korean version of LNNB-C was composed of 147 children between the age of 8 and 12(body 74, girl 73). The clinical group consisted of 19 brain damaged, 16 ADHD, and 16 psychiatric controls. The inter-scorer reliability was 96.3%, indicating that the stability of the scoring system for the Korean version of LNNB-C is good. The reliability coefficients(Cronbach's ${\alpha}$) of LNNB-C scales were ranged .51 to .91, which are similar to those of original LNNB-C. To establish the norms for detecting brain damage, the means and standard deviations for normative group were used to calculate T-scores for each scale. To determine a critical level that could successfully predict a normal child's average score at a given age, first the average score of normative group was calculated, and this score was then entered a regression equation with age to predict the average(baseline) acore. Finally, some issues on constructing the Korean version of LNNB-C and the cultural differences between Korean and American children in performing LNNB-C were discussed.

• Journal of Information Technology and Architecture
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.79-91
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• 2013

This paper proposes a systematic methodology that could be used to decide which one shows the best performance among space filling curves (SFCs) in applying lower-dimensional transformations to histogram sequences. A histogram sequence represents a time-series converted from an image by the given SFC. Due to the high-dimensionality nature, histogram sequences are very difficult to be stored and searched in their original form. To solve this problem, we generally use lower-dimensional transformations, which produce lower bounds among high dimensional sequences, but the tightness of those lower-bounds is highly affected by the types of SFC. In this paper, we attack a challenging problem of evaluating which SFC shows the better performance when we apply the lower-dimensional transformation to histogram sequences. For this, we first present a concept of spatial locality, which comes from an intuition of "if the entries are adjacent in a histogram sequence, their corresponding cells should also be adjacent in its original image." We also propose spatial locality preservation metric (slpm in short) that quantitatively evaluates spatial locality and present its formal computation method. We then evaluate five SFCs from the perspective of slpm and verify that this evaluation result concurs with the performance evaluation of lower-dimensional transformations in real image matching. Finally, we perform k-NN (k-nearest neighbors) search based on lower-dimensional transformations and validate accuracy of the proposed slpm by providing that the Hilbert-order with the highest slpm also shows the best performance in k-NN search.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2018

Objective : The aims of this study are to investigate the correlation between spiritual well-being and the pattern of stress coping strategies, as well as understand how they impact depression and psychological well-being. Methods : We analyzed 320 undergraduate students in a capital area (135 males, 170 females; 15 students who answered irrelevantly were excluded). Spiritual well-being (religious and existential), stress coping strategies (active and passive), psychological well-being and, depression were rated using the Spiritual Well-Being scale, Ways of Coping checklist, Psychological Well-Being measurement, and Depression Scale (CES-D), respectively. For the analysis, we utilized Pearson correlation analysis and simple regression analysis. Results : The analysis revealed a positive correlation between Spiritual well-being and active coping strategies, a negative correlation between existential well-being and depression, and a positive correlation between religious well-being and psychological well-being. By regression analysis, it showed spiritual-well being affected depression negatively. Existential well-being, but not religious well-being, affected depression negatively. Furthermore, the impact of existential well-being on depression remained a strong predictor in males better than females. Existential well-being affected psychological well-being positively through active coping strategies. Conclusion : In this study, we verified a correlation between existential well-Being and active coping strategies which affected depression and psychological well-being in undergraduate students.