• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2019

Barrier-free design reflects the attention of the disadvantaged groups. As a populous country with the largest population and the largest number of elderly people, China has made great progress in the field of the Barrier-free. The scope of this thesis is from the 1980s to 2012 in China, studying the development process of China's barrier-free design standards by comparing the two barrier-free design standards implemented in the history of such design. In this paper, the two standards are compared and analyzed in the following aspects, which are the numbering, chapters, scope of application, applicable objects and purposes, and so on. Compared with the 2001 barrier-free design standards, the 2012 one can be concluded that the development of barrier-free design in China has been accelerated, the scope of application has been widened than before, the content has been supplemented, and restrictions on terms have been reduced.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2020

This study examined the consumer response of the current O2O service between service types. Previous studies mainly focused on the quality factor of O2O service or Technology Acceptance Model or extended TAM, This study is different from the fact that there are differences in factors that consumers consider important and consumer reactions by service type. It is also significant that we compared between representative food delivery services and car sharing services that are actively used among O2O services. As O2O service is closely related to consumer's life, this study chose three factors that the issue of personal information security and trust of intermediary platform companies, and finally subjective norm based on individuals and groups who are aware of new O2O service. To test hypotheses, data were collected and analyzed for 301 samples, focusing on delivery and car sharing service, As a result, the delivery service among the O2O services was more positive to attitude toward service in the consumer group with lower personal information security, trust in platform, and subjective norm than car sharing service. Based on these results, implications and future research directions were presented.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.377-406
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• 2009

This study used laten class growth analysis to identify discrete developmental patterns of delinquent behaviors in adolescence. This present article also examined associations among these trajectories to determine how the development of delinquent behaviors relates to protective and risk factors, which include parental monitoring, attachment with parent, association with deviant peers, self-control, and negative stigma from others. Four-wave panel data from a Korea Youth Panel Study were used for the latent class growth model analysis. The sample consisted of 3,446 adolescents who were assessed at 4 measurement waves with approximately 1-year interval. Four trajectories of delinquent behaviors emerged: delinquency persistence, delinquency increaser, delinquency decreaser, normative group(almost no delinquent behaviors). Association with deviant peers had the most proximal strong influence on the probability of being in the delinquency increaser and delinquency persistence group compared, noed to the normative group. Parental monitoring, self-efficacy and negative stigma also differentiated the four delinquent behavior trajectories from one another after controllig for socio-demographic variables. The study suggested that there is a significant heterogeneity in the timing and change rate of delinquency progression. Adolescent delinquency prevention and intervention programs will need to consider this heterogeneity and enhance attention to protective and risk factors depending on the subpopulation.

• Korean Architects
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• 통권558호
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• pp.150-157
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• 2015

대한건축사협회 50년 동안 제도의 생성과 흐름을 이해하는데 먼저 제도란 무엇인지에 대한 이해가 필요하다. 제도는 규범의 복합체라고 한다. 규범의 내용이 형식화되고 정리되어 공권력을 수반하는 법률에서부터 형식화되지 않은 채 일상생활에서의 막연한 약속과 같은 집단의 도덕적 기준이나 관습에 이르기까지 그 범위는 광범하다. 즉 정치 경제 교육 제도 등에서부터 도덕이나 언어와 같은 것까지 포함한다. 이 제도가 존재함으로써 사회를 구성하는 모든 개인의 행동은 얼마간 틀에 박히고 방향이 부여되기 때문에 사람들을 시행착오의 낭비를 절약하여 큰 불편 없이 어느 정도 자동적으로 행동할 수 있다. 이런 점에서 제도는 사회질서 유지를 그 중요한 기능으로 하는 한편 모든 개인의 자유를 다소나마 규제하고 부자연스럽게 하는 측면도 있다. 모든 개인에 대한 제한이나 속박이 심해져 정상적인 대다수의 개인의 생활요구가 자해되고 억제되는 정도가 지나치게 되면 그 사회의 가치체계나 규범이 흔들리기 시작하며, 마침내는 기존의 제도가 바뀌고 새로운 제도가 생기게 된다고 한다.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.137-160
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• 2018

The present article reviews recent arguments on the moral-conventional distinction in moral judgment and discusses the implications for moral psychology research. Traditional research on moral judgment has considered both the evaluation of transgressive actions of others and the categorization of the norms on the moral-conventional dimension. Kohlberg, Piaget, and Turiel (1983) regard moral principles to be clearly distinguished from social-conventional norms and suggested criteria for the moral-conventional distinction. They assume that the moral domain should be specifically related to the value of care and justice, and the judgment for the moral transgression should be universal and objective. The cognitive developmental approach or social domain theory, which has been generally accepted by moral psychology researchers, is recently being challenged. In this article, we introduce three different approaches that criticize the assumptions for the moral-conventional distinction, namely, moral sentimentalism, moral parochialism, and moral pluralism. Moral sentimentalism emphasizes the role of emotion in moral judgment and suggests that moral and conventional norms can be continuously distributed on an affective-nonaffective dimension. Moral parochialism, based on the evidence from anthropology and cross-cultural psychology, asserts that norm transgression can be the object of moral judgment only when the action is relevant to the survival and reproduction of a group and the individuals within the group; judgment for moral transgression can be as relative as that for conventional transgression. Moral pluralism suggests multiple moral intuitions that vary with culture and individual, and questions the assumption of the social domain theory that morality is confined to care and justice. These new perspectives imply that the moral-conventional distinction may not properly tap into the nature of moral judgment and that further research is needed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.212-223
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate how attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control affect nurses' pressure ulcer (PU) prevention behavior among general hospital nurses based on the theory of planned behavior. A total of 111 nurses in four general hospitals in Korea participated in this study and replied to a survey on attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and behavior regarding PU prevention. Data were analyzed with multiple regressions by all participants, education level, working department, and hospital size group. In all participants, the more positive attitude and the higher subjective norm, the more PU prevention behavior. However, in the group of 'more than bachelor degree' and 'tertiary hospital', the more clinical experience, the more behavior. In the group of 'surgical ward & intensive care unit', the higher attitude, the more behavior. In the group of 'more than bachelor degree', the higher subjective norm, the more behavior. Therefore, personalized and tailored intervention for nurses may be provided depending on nurses' education level, work department, and hospital size to enhance PU prevention behavior by means of improving nurses' attitude, subjective norm toward PU prevention.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• 제44권
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• pp.223-247
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to explore the anti-smoking message effects and smoking status on smoking belief attributes. Based on the health behavior theories such as theory of reasoned action, health belief model, and social cognitive theory, three factors are selected to investigate the effects of anti-smoking campaign messages. The balance of benefits and barriers, self-efficacy, and social pressure are selected as independent variables. Three two-way ANOVA were conducted. Results showed that the main effect of social pressure were found with the social smoking attributes. Interaction effects were found on the nonsmoker-social pressure group and the non-smoker-two sided message group. It is found that nonsmokers accepted these two anti-smoking messages easily as compared to smoker groups. No main smoking status was found in this study; it is believed that smoking is a habitual that is not changed easily because attitude formation takes time. Results revealed that the two-sided message video releases and the social pressure video releases were favored by both smokers and nonsmokers. This study contributes the theoretical framework that can be transferred to the practices of anti-smoking campaign. Also, the researcher produced the televised stimuli which is not common in health message studies. By using the televised message material, the research tried to solve the validity problem which is common in experimental design.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.303-312
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze classroom norms formed in inquiry activities of elementary science classes and to consider about the actual problems in enacting school science inquiry. Focusing on the inquiry activity cases of two classes, the data were collected through classroom observation, student interview, teacher interview and questionnaires. Firstly, classroom norms were categorized into three categories theoretically: norms for behavior guidance; general academic norms; and scientific inquiry academic norms. The subcategory norms of each category were extracted inductively and the features, the causes of formation, and the influences on inquiry of each norm were also analyzed. Based on the analyses on classroom norms, the researchers identified three actual problems in enacting school science inquiry. First, the collective traits of school science inquiry caused structural problems in science classrooms. Second, teachers used their authorities in different ways according to phases of instructions. Third, the conflict cases were reported between general values for education and specific values for science inquiry. Educational implications are discussed in terms of the practices of school science inquiry and of the understanding classroom phenomena.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.41-74
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• 2006

It is frequently observed that consumers' behavior and performance in their weight control are greatly affected by the degree of self-control by the consumers themselves. In other words, effective weight control behavior is only possible when the consumers invest a substantial amount of endeavors and self-control. The present study empirically investigated the effect of the self-image congruence and subjective norm formed by self- concept reflected in weight control behavior on weight control attitude formation, actual behavior, and performance. For more in-depth research, rather than simply showing differences in performance based on self-control, the present study divided the subjects into high and low self-control groups for a comparative purpose. Based on empirical research employing general consumers and those who were engaged in an actual weight loss program at professional weight control centers as subjects, the study found the following results: First, for both high and low self-control groups, self-image congruence significantly affected attitude toward weight control, but not the actual weight control behavior. The results indicate that in weight control, the actual behavior must be preceded by the attitude. Second, subjective norm directly affected both attitude toward weight control, and behavior for the low self-control group while it affected the behavior only for the high self-control group. The results show that the lower self-control is, the more powerful the effect of referents is. Third, weight control attitude positively affected weight control behavior only for the high self-control group. Fourth, weight control behavior significantly affected the performance for both high and low self-control groups. Compared to the low group, the high self-control group showed more powerful effect of behavior, suggesting the crucial role of self-control in successful weight control. The results also imply that the role of referents is relatively more important for the low self-control group.

• 대학교육
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• 통권89호
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• pp.66-75
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• 1997

우리나라에서 대학입학은 직접적인 관련 집단의 민감한 사안일 뿐만 아니라, 모든 국민의 공통적인 관심사이다. 그런 만큼 대학입학 전형제도는 대학입학 전형의 의미에 비추어 도출되는 규범적 원칙들에 기초하여 신중하게 수립되어야 한다. 전형요소 설정의 타당성, 전형유형 설정의 공정성, 전형과정의 자율성 등의 준거에 비추어 새 대학입학 전형제도의 정책논리를 비판적으로 고찰하고 발전방향을 제시하고자 한다.