• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.175-187
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• 2006

The data cube is an aggregation operator that computes group-bys for all possible combination of dimension attributes. %on the number of the dimension attributes is n, a data cube computes $2^n$ group-bys. Each group-by in a data cube is called a cuboid. Data cubes are often precomputed and stored as materialized views in data warehouses. These data cubes need to be updated when source relation change. The incremental maintenance of a data cube is to compute and propagate only its changes. To compute the change of a data cube of $2^n$ cuboids, previous works compute a delta cube that has the same number of cuboids as the original data cube. Thus, as the number of dimension attributes increases, the cost of computing a delta cube increases significantly. Each cuboid in a delta cube is called a delta cuboid. In this paper. we propose an incremental cube maintenance method that can maintain a data cube by using only $_nC_{{\lceil}n/2{\rceil}}$ delta cuboids. As a result, the cost of computing a delta cube is substantially reduced. Through various experiments, we show the performance advantages of our method over previous methods.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2010

The 2 strains of Pleurotus ostreatus showing very severe and mild symptom of brown blotch were selected, and their F1 hybrid strains were made by mating of their single spore isolates. Hydrophobicity of fruiting body surface and brown blotch severity of the parental and their 11 F1 hybrid strains showing different level of severity of brown blotch were determined. Correlation coefficient (R) between disease severity and hydrophobicity were 0.68 and 0.70 on two independent experiments. Correlation coefficient between disease severity and disease incidence that was determined in the oyster mushroom farm were 0.46 and 0.52 on two independent experiments. When GFP-tagged Pseudomonas tolaasii was monitored with confocal microscope on cap surface of fruiting body, more cells of the pathogen were clustered on the severe strain than the mild strain, which indicates that the bacterial pathogen proliferates more on the severe strain. These results suggest that hydrophobicity of oyster mushroom fruiting body affects disease severity of the brown blotch disease; the longer the bacterial suspension stays on fruiting body surface more severe symptom of the blotch develops.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.1
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• pp.10-20
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to identify the long-term area changes in the subalpine coniferous forests in Korea in order to understand the changes in the subalpine forest ecosystems vulnerable to climate change. We analyzed 20 years of time-series Landsat satellite images (mid 1990s, mid 2010s) for change detection of coniferous forests and compared with the long term changes of climate information to identify their relationship in the study area. As a result, the area of coniferous forests in the study region decreased by 25% over 20 years. The regions with largest changes are Seoraksan, Baegunsan-Hambaeksan-Jangsan, Jirisan, and Hallasan. The region with the largest decrease in area was Baegunsan (reduced area: 542 ha), and the region with large decrease in area and the largest rate of decrease was Hallasan (rate of decrease: 33.3%). As the Jeju region has the most rapid temperature rise, it is projected that Hallasan is the most vulnerable forest ecosystem affected by climate change. The result of this study shows that from a long-term perspective the overall coniferous forests in the subalpine region are declining, but the trend varies in each region. This national and long-term information on the change of coniferous forests in the subalpine region can be utilized as baseline data for the detailed survey of endangered subalpine coniferous trees in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.59
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• pp.39-63
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• 2018

Kiho Academic in the late Joseon Korea, the negative effect of the Horak debate is amplified and the division within the academic is accelerated. However, the scholars of the Kiho Academic field put forth efforts to unify the academics with the same sense of responsibility to end the schism. Nevertheless, the scholars of the Kiho Academic have shown various differences in the process of accepting Neo-Confucianism, which creates new schools. Therefore, Kiho Academic in the late Joseon Korea coexisted with various schools with different academy positions. Some of the representative groups are Hwaseo, Nosa, Ganjae, Yeonjae, and Uuidang Schools. In addition, through the scholarly differentiation and the school division of the Kiho Academic, the debate on the mind that characterizes Neo-Confucianism of the late Joseon Korea has developed. However, there was a common value that everyone pursued in the middle of the debate: the construction of a moral ideal society, the ultimate goal of Neo-Confucianism. In conclusion, though the purpose they pursued was not fulfilled, it can be seen from the debate on the mind that they fiercely demanded that these requests were urgent in the late Joseon Korea This paper, therefore, the situation of the Kiho academic in the late of Joseon Korea, the problem consciousness of the scholars of the Kiho academic, and the issue and development of debate on the mind.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.36
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• pp.333-374
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• 2009

Korean traditional education emphasizes moral education than any other country or culture. Education is recognized as practical task for self-realization and self-transcendence in traditional Confucian community. This study starts from two questions. First, how moral education in Korea from late in the 19th, when the modernized schooling started, to now can be classified according to social and political circumstances? Second, what is the main issue of moral education in the progress of Korean education after independence from Japanese imperialism? Especially, this study focuses on reflecting and reviewing these issues by context of Eastern moral education. After late in the 19th century, moral education in Korea is divided into three types: "Education for loyalty and filial piety and Moral cultivation", "Citizenship education and Education for anti-communism", and "Moral education and Character education". This study mainly insists these types of moral education distort the sprit by political interests rather than inherit and develop sprit or basic value of moral education. Furthermore, this study discusses characteristic of moral education and way to improve based on important two issues in Korean society; "Nationalism in moral education" and "Western biased education" Making individual's free will into group consciousness in accordance with political power group's interests rather than developing moral community based on each one's character building, nationalism in moral education deepens self-alienation. Western biased education makes self-negation as it considers western as core, and Korea and other traditional ideas as side. This study emphasizes reanalysis Eastern moral education and need effort for understanding of Eastern moral education to overcome Western biased education in Korean moral education.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.335-358
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• 2023

This study analyzed the characteristics of the learning organization according to its characteristics, the operation method and size of each public library. In addition, the service quality of public libraries was investigated so that it was also analyzed the correlation between the characteristics of the learning organization and the quality of the service. To achieve the research objectives, 83 librarians and 343 users across seven public libraries in South Korea's metropolitan areas were surveyed. The investigation covered various dimensions of learning organizations: creating continuous learning opportunities, promoting inquiry and dialogue, encouraging collaboration and team learning, creating systems to capture and share learning, empowering people toward a collective vision, connecting the organization to its environment, and providing strategic leadership for learning. Also it was investigated aspects of service quality: affect of service, information control, and library as place. As a result of the study, for the learning organization characteristics, more than 3.4 out of 5 were qualified to have foundation of learning organizations. One attempted to categorize according to its operational method and size and compare learning organization differences between public libraries, however it was not easy to see the clear differences. Therefore it was judged that there might be another unidentified factor which gives an affect on learning organization. Furthermore, it was found that there was a positive correlation between learning organization traits and service quality. This study might signify by looking into how the learning organization, which is one of the post-bureaucratic organizational traits, appears in public libraries.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.23-39
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• 2004

The Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 resulted not only in the establishment of the Socialist regime, but also in the critical changes in the Russian archival system. The Soviet government issued "Decree On the Reorganization and Centralization of Archival Affairs in the Russian Socialist Federated Soviet Republic", which prepared the ground for the archival administration in USSR. After having been revised and supplemented in the 1920's, the decree, signed by V. I. Lenin, was changed into "The Decree on the Archival Administration of Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic", by which the Bolshevik government was able not only to develop the conception of the State Archival Fond with the Single Archival Fond, but also to enlarge the archival collection. Besides, it was remarkable that the archival decree of 1929 provided the justification for actual developments of the archival institution. And from the practical point of view, the decree improved the archival affairs by means of the defining of the conservation period. It was at the beginning of the Stalin's period that the decree of 1929 was issued. Therefore, it may be said that the decree was one of the proofs as well as the agricultural collectivization and the industrialization that Stalin gained the overall control of the Soviet government. It was confirmed when the Second Conference of Soviet Archivists was held from 25 May to 1 June in 1929. After this meeting, M. N. Pokrovskii, who was the director of the Archival Administration in the course of the 1920's, lost the influence over the Soviet archival organizations, which meant that the autonomy of the Soviet archivists was reduced in a great degree. The Central Archival Administration of the Bolshevik regime experienced the analogous changes. It was changed into the Central Archival Agent in 1929 when the Stalinist system became strengthened. At the same time, it was significant that the Central Archival Administration of USSR was established. However, the Soviet archival affairs became under the direct control of the N. K. V. D. in the period of the Great Purge.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.280-294
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• 2001

Despite to the reality that the outbreaks from flood poisoning in Korea have been continuously increasing in the last two decades, it was very much neglected even in the public health field in Korea. Food poisoning outbreaks resulted in many cases not only in the damage of health but also in the death of many lives. However, this problem can be effectively solved by effects through health education activities, but not solely by the legal measures. This study was carried out to provide information that can be used in planning health education programs and proposing new rules to prevent any possible outbreaks from flood poisoning. The main problems contributing to flood poisoning outbreaks in an institutional setting or school catering and at home were reviewed and analyzed through the epidemiological investigations and articles related to flood poisoning in the last a decade (1991 ∼ 2000). Accordingly, the data presented in this study are sufficient to show and prove the significant trends in food poisoning accidents in Korea. The major findings investigated in this study are as follows. The frequency of food poisoning accidents as well as the number of victims have continuously increased in Korea. The number of victims per food poisoning accident is also increased from 20 persons in 1990 to 69.8 persons in 2000. Therefore, we should realize that the group poisoning outbreaks occur more frequently and the size of group poisoning accidents is getting larger. Among four seasons, the food poisoning accidents occurred more frequently in the summer (May ∼September) until 1997, However, after 1997, the food poisoning accidents occurred evenly in three seasons except the winter. The most important bacteria that cause food poisoning in Korea were Salmonella spp., Vibrio spp. and Staphylococcus aureus. They occupied 85∼90% of the rates of accidents and the number of victims.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.33 no.5_1
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• pp.469-480
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• 2017

This study aims to understand the relationship between lineaments and epicenters in Geochang region, Gyungsangnam-do, South Korea. An instrumental observation of earthquakes has been started by Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) since 1978 and there were 6 earthquakes with magnitude ranging 2 to 2.5 in Geochang region from 1978 to 2016. Lineaments were extracted from LANDSAT 8 satellite image and shaded relief map displayed in 3-dimension using Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Then, lineament density was statistically examined by hotspot analysis. Hexagonal grids were generated to perform the analysis because hexagonal pattern expresses lineaments with less discontinuity than square girds, and the size of the grid was selected to minimize a variance of lineament density. Since hotspot analysis measures the extent of clustering with Z score, Z scores computed with lineaments' frequency ($L_f$), length ($L_d$), and intersection ($L_t$) were used to find lineament clusters in the density map. Furthermore, the Z scores were extracted from the epicenters and examined to see the relevance of each density elements to epicenters. As a result, 15 among 18 densities,recorded as 3 elements in 6 epicenters, were higher than 1.65 which is 95% of the standard normal distribution. This indicates that epicenters coincide with high density area. Especially, $L_f$ and $L_t$ had a significant relationship with epicenter, being located in upper 95% of the standard normal distribution, except for one epicenter in $L_t$. This study can be used to identify potential seismic zones by improving the accuracy of expressing lineaments' spatial distribution and analyzing relationship between lineament density and epicenter. However, additional studies in wider study area with more epicenters are recommended to promote the results.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.225-233
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• 1991

This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of indigenous vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(VAMF) in the rhizosphere soil of horticultural crops grown under greenhouse and open-field condition, in the southern area of Kores. Soil samples collected from the rhizosphere of some sellected horticultural crops, such as cucumber, hot pepper, lettuca, tomato and eggplant grown under greenhouse or open-field condition. All tested crops are considered as mycorrhizal plants. The infection rate of horticultural crops investigated ranged from 38% to 70%, hot pepper and eggplant grown under greenhouse condition showed the highest infection being 66.0% and 70.0%, respectively. Spore densities were from 4.8 to 20.0g-1 on dried soil basis. Spore densities of VAMF in the rhizosphere soils under greenhouse condition were higher than that of open-field conditions. The highest distribution of spores in diameter ranged from $75{\mu}m$ to $106{\mu}m$ in the rhizosphere soil of lettuce, cucumber and tomato while those in hot pepper and eggplant ranged from $75{\mu}m$ to $250{\mu}m$. Glomus sp.-type spores predominated in the slightly acid soil(pH 6.3), while Acaulospora sp.-type spores greatly predominated in the very strongly acid field(pH 4.9).