Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회지)

Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회)
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Change of Subalpine Coniferous Forest Area over the Last 20 Years

아고산 침엽수림 분포 면적의 20년간 변화 분석

  • Kim, Eun-Sook (Division of Forest Ecology and Climate Change, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Lee, Ji-Sun (Division of Forest Ecology and Climate Change, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Park, Go-Eun (Division of Forest Ecology and Climate Change, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Lim, Jong-Hwan (Division of Forest Ecology and Climate Change, National Institute of Forest Science)
  • 김은숙 (국립산림과학원 기후변화생태연구과) ;
  • 이지선 (국립산림과학원 기후변화생태연구과) ;
  • 박고은 (국립산림과학원 기후변화생태연구과) ;
  • 임종환 (국립산림과학원 기후변화생태연구과)
  • Received : 2019.01.04
  • Accepted : 2019.01.28
  • Published : 2019.03.31
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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to identify the long-term area changes in the subalpine coniferous forests in Korea in order to understand the changes in the subalpine forest ecosystems vulnerable to climate change. We analyzed 20 years of time-series Landsat satellite images (mid 1990s, mid 2010s) for change detection of coniferous forests and compared with the long term changes of climate information to identify their relationship in the study area. As a result, the area of coniferous forests in the study region decreased by 25% over 20 years. The regions with largest changes are Seoraksan, Baegunsan-Hambaeksan-Jangsan, Jirisan, and Hallasan. The region with the largest decrease in area was Baegunsan (reduced area: 542 ha), and the region with large decrease in area and the largest rate of decrease was Hallasan (rate of decrease: 33.3%). As the Jeju region has the most rapid temperature rise, it is projected that Hallasan is the most vulnerable forest ecosystem affected by climate change. The result of this study shows that from a long-term perspective the overall coniferous forests in the subalpine region are declining, but the trend varies in each region. This national and long-term information on the change of coniferous forests in the subalpine region can be utilized as baseline data for the detailed survey of endangered subalpine coniferous trees in the future.

본 연구는 기후변화로 점차 취약해지고 있는 아고산 산림생태계의 변화 및 쇠퇴 실태를 파악하기 위해 전국 아고산 지역 침엽수림의 장기 면적 변화를 파악하는 것을 주요 목적으로 하였다. 1990년대 중반 이후 20년간의 침엽수림 면적 변화 탐지를 위해 시계열 Landsat 위성영상을 분석하였고, 침엽수림 면적과 기후정보의 장기적 변화를 함께 비교하였다. 그 결과, 전체 분석대상지에서 침엽수림의 면적은 20년 동안 약 25 % 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 면적과 변화율의 측면에서 큰 변화가 있었던 지역은 설악산, 백운산-함백산-장산, 지리산, 한라산 등이었다. 이 중 감소면적이 가장 큰 지역은 백운산 지역이었으며(감소면적 542 ha), 침엽수림이 대면적으로 집단화되어 있으면서 감소율이 가장 큰 지역은 한라산이었다(감소율 33.3 %). 제주 지역은 타 지역보다 온도상승이 가장 가파르게 진행되고 있어 한라산이 기후변화 압력에 의한 산림생태계 취약성이 가장 높을 것으로 추정된다. 본 연구결과는 장기적인 관점에서 전체적으로 아고산대 산림지역의 임상이 침엽수림이 감소하는 방향으로 변화하고 있으나 그 추세는 각 지역별로 정도의 차이가 있다는 것을 보여주었다. 본 연구의 전국적이고 장기적인 아고산 지역 침엽수림 변화 정보는 향후 지역별로 수행될 상세한 멸종위기 아고산 침엽수 정밀실태조사 수행을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다.

Keywords

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Figure 1. Study sites and Path-Row of Landsat images.

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Figure 2. Trend of average annual temperature change over 40 years by major region (a) Near Seoraksan (b) Near Baegunsan (c) Near Jirisan (d) Near Hallasan.

Table 1. Main distribution regions of conifer species in subalpine zone.

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Table 2. Location and area of study sites.

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Table 3. Satellite images.

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Table 4. Change analysis of coniferous forest area in all study sites.

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Table 5. Status of coniferous forest with great reduction areas.

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Table 6. Comparison of average temperature change between T1(1976~1985) and T2(2006~2015).

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