• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.117-128
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• 1997

Abdominal skin tissues of ICR mouse painted with Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) were observed to investigate the delayed type hypersensitivity of skin by chemical allergen as hapten. The abdominal skin tissues were obtained at hour 48 after secondary DNCB sensitization that were stained by Luna's method for mast cell, and immunohistochemical stain method for IL-2 receptor. The superficial perivascular lymphocytic aggregation were shown in basement membrane after DNCB secondary painting and the large size capillaries in dermis were appeared. The infiltration of lymphocyte to epithelium, the vacuolation of epithelial cell and intercellular space were increased. The number of mast cell in dermis was increased and these shape is degranulation type. The number of IL-2 receptor positive cell was increased in dermis. As results indicated that the hypersensitivy of immune system were induced by DNCB, subsequently to damage evoke inflammation in skin.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2003

MMP-1 inhibitory compounds were isolated from 120 Korean traditional edible plants. UP- 1 activity significantly increased linearly with increasing UVB dose in normal human foreskin fibroblast HS68 cell, showing maximum activity at approximately 35 $mJ/cm^2$, whereas in HaCaT cell, normal human keratinocyte, no increase was observed. Maximum secretion of MMP-1 after UVB treatment occurred around 36-48 k after treatment. MMP-1 inhibitory compound isolated from cold-water fraction of Cataegus pinnatifida Bunge showed the mort potent activity. The MMP-1 inhibitory compound was deduced as a peptide based on the fact that pronase digestion decreased the activity whereas periodate oxidation did not. The most potent UP- 1-inhibitory protein, CP-2Va-2, showing an activity of 88.5% against MMP-1, was isolated through sequential column chromatography on DEAE-Toyopearl 650C, Butyl-Toyopearl 650M, and Bio-Gel P-30. Molecular weight of CP-2Va-2 determined through high performance liquid chromatography and SDS PACE was 19 and 20 kDa. respectively, signifying a monomeric structure.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.118-151
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• 1997

Allergic contact dermatitis is a common skin disease resulting from specific immumologic sensitization to topically applied various allergen. Purpose of this study was to investigate skin morphologic chganges by light microscopic, changes of protein band by SDS-PAGE in the skin treated on the surfactant. Furthermore, lectin histochemistry is used to know the chagnges of the terminal sugar of the glycoconjugate in the skin treated on the surfactant. The results were as follows : The 1 day of treated group was indicated the enlargement of capillary, the 3 days of treated group was showed that the cytoplasm was eosinophlic by the pyknotic of nucleus. The 6 days of treated group was observed hyperkeratinoid, increased of inflammation cells to epithelium. The 9 days of treated group was appeares that serum crust was sheded and formed a acanthosis. But dermis layer was cytoplasmic vaculation and enlargement of intercellular space. The 12 days treated group made up new epidermis layer of seven layer and of observed an decreased in quantity of inflammation cells. The mast cell of degranulated type was increased in treated surfactnat. It was secreating granules hold histamin, serotonin and heparin. Accordingly, protein band of electrophortic phase was observed a sudden changes since 3 days treated group. At observeation of the cell-surface glycoconjugates, LCA, PNA, SBA and WGA lectin positive cells but inducated lectin negative cells in Con-A. Furthermore, PNA and SBA showed stroger positive reaction as treated surfactant group.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1360-1365
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• 2013

Juvenile sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus(wet weight $1.0{\pm}0.2g$, n=250) acclimated to environmental conditions($17^{\circ}C$, 33 psu) during 4 weeks for observation of survival and structural variation of integumentary system according to various salinity concentration. After that, it was exposed 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 psu in 96h, and recovered during 7 days. In this results, The 96-h lethal concentration(LC50) for sea cucumber was a salinity of 21.05 psu. Integumentary system of the sea cucumber exposed to below the salinity of 20 psu mainly observed thickness reduction of epidermal layer, nucleus condensation of epithelial cells, decreased of mucous cells and loose arrangement of connective tissue in dermal layer. Integumentary system of the sea cucumber exposed a salinity of 40 psu mainly observed nucleus hypertrophy of epithelial cells, increase of mucous cells and tight arrangement of connective tissue in dermal layer. Also, observed secretory cells showing the alcian blue(pH 2.5) positive. During 96-h exposure, this cells decreased after increase below the salinity of 20 psu but increased in the salinity of 40 psu compared with 25-35 psu.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.139-145
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• 2010

This study was intended to identify the effectiveness of Lithospermum erythrorhizon in the UVB-damaged mouse skin. The C57BL/6 mouse that weighted about 18 g were divided into three groups; the control group (A group), the UVB irradiated group (B group), and the group treated with Lithospermum erythrorhizon extracts after UVB irradiation (C group). In the results of superoxidase dismutant(SOD) activities, the C group was meaningfully lower at the 48hrs, 120 hrs, and 168 hrs group than B group (p<0.05). In the result of catalase(CAT) activities, the C group was decreased at the 120 hrs and 168 hrs group, but meaningless (p>0.05). In the result of light micrograph observation, the B group observed sunburn cells in the epidermis and acute inflammation in the dermis at the 24 hrs and 48 hrs. And proliferation of the epidermis and the stratum granulosum, and found the hyperkertosis at the 72 hrs, 120 hrs, and 168 hrs group than C group. The C group alleviated inflammation in the dermis than B group at the 24 hrs and 48 hrs. And inhibited the proliferation of the epidermis at the 72 hrs, 120 hrs, and 168 hrs groups than B group. In conclusion, Lithospermum erythrorhizon water extracts may protect the UVB-damaged mouse skin.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1057-1063
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• 2013

Citri Pericarpium is one of the most commonly used traditional herbal medicines in Korea, China, and Japan. Its extracts have many properties including the treatment of indigestion and inflammatory respiratory syndromes such as bronchitis and asthma. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of anti-cancer activity and molecular targets are not fully understood. In this work, we investigated the anti-proliferative activity of Citri Pericapium (EMCP) methanol extract on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the association of these effects with apoptotic cell death using U937 human leukemia cells in vitro. EMCP treatment decreased cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner following an increase of the sub-G1 phase, the down-regulation of Bax proteins, the activation of caspases, the degradation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase proteins (PARP), and the induction of ROS generation. However, the quenching of ROS generation by N-acetyl-L-cysteine administration, a scavenger of ROS, reversed the EMCP-induced apoptosis effects. In addition, heme oxygenase-1 expression also recovered by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of phosphorylated NF-E2-related factor 2. Taken together, our data indicate that ROS are involved as key mediators in the early molecular events in the EMCP-induced apoptotic pathway.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.2 s.57
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• pp.75-79
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• 2006

In this study. we evaluated anti-aging activity of medical plants that protect the skin cell damage induced by UV irradiation. We have investigated diverse biological activities of Selaginella tamariscina as an anti-aging ingredient of cosmetics. S. tamariscina was found to show scavenging activities of radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the $IC_{50}$ values of $65.1{\mu}g/mL$ against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and $40.9 {\mu}g/mL$ against superoxide radicals in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, respectively. For testing intracellular ROS scavenging activity, the cultured human dermal fibroblasts were analyzed by increase in dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence upon exposure to UVB $20 mJ/cm^2$ after treatment of S. tamariscina. UVA-induced MMP-1 protein and mRNA expression in human dermal fibroblasts were reduced in a dose-dependent manner by S. tamariscina. Moreover, S. tamariscina inhibited MMP-2 (gelatinase) activity in UVA-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts assayed by zymography and semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Taken together, these results suggest that S. tamariscina may act as an anti-aging agent by Increasing collagen and preventing the skin cell damage induced by UV irradiation, and imply that S. tamariscina nay be useful as a new ingredient for anti-aging cosmetics.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.215-219
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• 2010

In this study, we investigated effects of Monegy (mixture of Sophorae Radix, Panax ginseng, Salvia miltiorrhiza BUNGE) on epilate-induced hair-loss in dorsal region of C57/BL6 mice and external structure of human hair. For morphological and histological analysis in scalp of epilate-induced hair-loss animal model, we utilized several microscopic techniques, such as confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and LAS 4000. Confocal analysis showed the distribution of FITC-conjugated Monegy and penetration depth compared with normal and control group. Furthermore, when Monegy was topically administrated onto a C57BL6 mouse, it penetrated very well. The fluorescence intensity was increased upto 205 and 113 folds compared to normal and control group, respectively. Also, area of fluorescence was increased to upto 255 to 127 folds compared to normal and control group. Broad scale area of fluorescence in dermis region was observed in the Monegy-treated mice. Furthermore, Monegy induced upto 75% hair repair against depilation. It might be promoted via the induction of growth factors in hair follicle.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.285-292
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• 2015

Citrus peel (CP) is used as a traditional herb with diverse beneficial pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-allergic effects. However, the anti-obesity effects of citrus peel are poorly defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate ethanol extracts of citrus peel (EECP) for its adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The aim of this study was to evaluate an EECP for its adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Treatment with EECP significantly suppressed the terminal differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a dose-dependent manner, as confirmed by a decrease in lipid droplet number and lipid content and an accumulation of cellular triglyceride. EECP exhibited potential adipogenesis inhibition and downregulated the expression of pro-adipogenic transcription factors, such as sterol regulatory elementbinding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancerbinding proteins α (C/EBPα) and C/EBPβ, and adipocyte expressed genes, such as adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aP2) and Leptin. In addition, EECP treatment effectively activated the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway; however, compound C, a specific inhibitor of AMPK, significantly reduced the EECP-induced inhibition of adipogenesis. Taken together, these results indicate EECP showed strong anti-obesity effects through the AMPK signaling pathway, and further studies will be needed to identify the active compounds that confer the anti-obesity activity of EECP.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.64-80
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• 1992

Considerable interest has been generated in age-related non-enzymatic glycosylation and crosslinking of collagen in view of its extracellular nature, and its long biological half-life. The effects of UVA, which penetrates deep in dermis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) on age- related changes of dermal collagen were studied. The amount of nonenzymatic glycosylation, fragmentation, and crosslinking of collagen were monitored from the mixtures of Type I collagen from calf skin and glucose, irradiated by UVA, with or without scavengers of ROS. At both high and low glucose dosages, non-enzymatic glycosylation was not affected by UVA irradiation. At high glucose dosage, however, glycosylation was reduced by the scavengers of superoxide radical and singlet oxygen, bolt not by hydroxyl radical scavengers. Fragmentation was increased by UVA and decreased by all ROS scavengers. Crosslinking was also enhanced by UVA, and effectively blocked crosslinking. Superoxide radical and singlet oxygen, which were produced by autoxidation of glucose independently to UVA, may encounter the initial phase of glycation. ROS generated from Amadory compounds by UVA enhanced fragmentation and crosslinking Hydroxyl radical was thought to be a major ROS affecting crosslinking. These results suggest that UVA and ROS are able to enhance age-related structural changes of collagen, as affecting many other tissue and cellular components.