• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.153-166
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• 2017

Recently, the construction industry has been pursuing economical construction by introducing improved construction equipment and methods. However, in many cases, the equipment operation according to the intuition of the field manager and in the manner of traditional methods impedes the increase in effectiveness in terms of productivity and economy. The performance of new construction equipment has rapidly improved; however, the maximum effect of mechanized construction cannot be obtained unless the effective management and operation methods are implemented. According to the expert survey, it has been discovered that the problems of conventional construction equipment operation methods can be classified into several categories: allocation of construction equipment that is not suitable for the construction work, the combination of equipment that does not take into consideration real-time field situations, the decline in the skill of the construction equipment drivers, and lack of real-time access to necessary information. This paper proposes a construction equipment management system to solve these problems. The construction equipment management system can provide a method to maximize the work rate of the construction equipment fleet by developing an equipment allocation plan based on field conditions, whenever necessary, and transferring this information to the construction equipment drivers in real time. Ultimately, it is believed that the application of the construction equipment operation system in the field will make it possible to reduce carbon emissions by improving productivity and reducing fuel consumption.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.81-90
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• 2016

This study aims to investigate the association between stock performance and credit ratings, and credit rating changes using a sample of 1,691 KRX firm-years that acquire equity in the form of long-term bonds from 2002 to 2013. Previous U.S. literature is mixed with regard to the relation between credit ratings and stock price. On one hand, there is evidence of a positive relation between credit ratings and stock prices, an anomaly established in U.S. studies. On the other hand, the CAPM model suggests a negative relation between stock prices and credit ratings, implying that investors expect financial rewards for bearing additional risk. To our knowledge, we are the first to examine the relationship between stock price and default risk proxied by credit ratings in period t+1. We find a negative (positive) relation between credit ratings (risk) in period t+1 and stock returns in period t, suggesting that credit rating agencies do not consider stock returns as a metric with the potential to influence default risk. Our results suggest that market participants may prefer firms with higher credit risk because of expected higher returns.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.769-783
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• 2000

In this paper, in order to disambiguate Korean noun word sense, we define a local context and explain how to extract it from a raw corpus. Following the intuition that two different nouns are likely to have similar meanings if they occur in the same local context, we use, as a clue, the word that occurs in the same local context where the target noun occurs. This method increases the usability of extracted knowledge and makes it possible to disambiguate the sense of infrequent words. And we can overcome the data sparseness problem by extending the verbs in a local context. The sense of a target noun is decided by the maximum similarity to the clues learned previously. The similarity between two words is computed by their concept distance in the sense hierarchy borrowed from WordNet. By reducing the multiplicity of clues gradually in the process of computing maximum similarity, we can speed up for next time calculation. When a target noun has more than two local contexts, we assign a weight according to the type of each local context to implement the differences according to the strength of semantic restriction of local contexts. As another knowledge source, we get a co-occurrence information from dictionary definitions and example sentences about the target noun. This is used to support local contexts and helps to select the most appropriate sense of the target noun. Through experiments using the proposed method, we discovered that the applicability of local contexts is very high and the co-occurrence information can supplement the local context for the precision. In spite of the high multiplicity of the target nouns used in our experiments, we can achieve higher performance (89.8%) than the supervised methods which use a sense-tagged corpus.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.155-180
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• 2020

It takes the most important role the problem of assigining vehicles and desigining optimal routes for each vehicle in order to enhance the logistics service level. While solving the problem, various cost factors such as number of vehicles, the capacity of vehicles, total travelling distance, should be considered at the same time. Although most of logistics service providers introduced the Transportation Management System (TMS), the system has the limitation which can not consider the practical constraints. In order to make the solution of TMS applicable, it is required experts revised the solution of TMS based on their own experience and intuition. In this research, different from previous research which have focused on minimizing the total cost, it has been proposed the methodology which can enhance the efficiency and fairness of asset utilization, simultaneously. First of all, it has been adopted the Cluster-First Route-Second (CFRS) approach. Based on the location of customers, we have grouped customers as clusters by using four different clustering algorithm such as K-Means, K-Medoids, DBSCAN, Model-based clustering and a procedural approach, Fisher & Jaikumar algorithm. After getting the result of clustering, it has been developed the optiamal vehicle routes within clusters. Based on the result of numerical experiments, it can be said that the propsed approach based on CFRS may guarantee the better performance in terms of total travelling time and distance. At the same time, the variance of travelling distance and number of visiting customers among vehicles, it can be concluded that the proposed approach can guarantee the better performance of assigning tasks in terms of fairness.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.211-220
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• 2019

It helps to wisely abstain from errors of the a priori subjective emotions related to human emotions, and orders emotions to make rational choices. These emotional happiness of human and moral sensitivities work directly or indirectly in rational choice of rational thought and reason. Abraham would have been troubled by the divine mandate to sacrifice a son who was only one, and a son who had been healed. Was his reason reasonable at this time? In rational reason, it can be said that the act of dedicating his son is an appropriate act, but is it possible in the human mind? Aristoteles also called human virtue virtue in good for human beings. Because happiness is also a mental activity, we have to know a certain degree about the mind. This ψυχή(psyche, spirit) spirit is an irrational element that is invisible but an intervention in rational principles. Also C. G. Jung states that all human beings have four dynamic psychological functions that are not visible, and that the mind is driven by these four functional dimensions. This means that the elements of S, Sensing, N, Intuition, T, Thinking, and Feeling are combined. David Hume also emphasized the principle of empathy, asserting that morality can not be derived from reason, and Max Ferdinand Scheler, before grasping the visual characteristics of a person, has already captured the whole feeling of the person, And that the value given to this feeling is the value, and that the function of emotion that is elevated to the perceived object by grasping the value through this process and the value is always preceded by the reason. Emmanuel Levinas states that emotional emotions of love are ahead of reason and that emotions precede human reasoning and rationality is the inability of emotional control that we need rational thought and rational and wise action as reason of control and temperance. As part of human emotional education, in the 7th curriculum, Bloom's cognitive, perceptive, and behavioral domain, which is a person with integrated thinking, is trying to be a moral practitioner. It focuses on how to act according to the direction of emotions for virtuous acts and how to develop emotions for emotions on behalf of vicious acts. We can design the possibility and direction of cultivating human emotions and emotional happiness and happy sensitivities by the principle of strengthening virtue and the principle of elimination of ill feeling.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.4 no.2 s.12
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• pp.89-97
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• 2004

The objective of this study is the development of a scheme and discrete optimum design algorithm, which is based on the genetic algorithm. The algorithm can perform both scheme and size optimum designs of plane trusses. The developed Scheme genetic algorithm was implemented in a computer program. For the optimum design, the objective function is the weight of structures and the constraints are limits on loads and serviceability. The basic search method for the optimum design is the genetic algorithm. The algorithm is known to be very efficient for the discrete optimization. However, its application to the complicated structures has been limited because of the extreme time need for a number of structural analyses. This study solves the problem by introducing the size & scheme genetic algorithm operators into the genetic algorithm. The genetic process virtually takes no time. However, the evolutionary process requires a tremendous amount of time for a number of structural analyses. Therefore, the application of the genetic algorithm to the complicated structures is extremely difficult, if not impossible. The scheme genetic algorithm operators was introduced to overcome the problem and to complement the evolutionary process. It is very efficient in the approximate analyses and scheme and size optimization of plane trusses structures and considerably reduces structural analysis time. Scheme and size discrete optimum combined into the genetic algorithm is what makes the practical discrete optimum design of plane fusses structures possible. The efficiency and validity of the developed discrete optimum design algorithm was verified by applying the algorithm to various optimum design examples: plane pratt, howe and warren truss.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.143-156
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• 2019

Types of innovation can be categorized into simplification, information, automation, and intelligence. Intelligence is the highest level of innovation, and RPA can be seen as one of intelligence. Robotic Process Automation(RPA), a software robot with artificial intelligence, is an example of intelligence that is suited for simple, repetitive, large-scale transaction processing tasks. The RPA, which is already in operation in many companies in Korea, shows what needs to be done to naturally focus on the core tasks in a situation where the need for a strong organizational culture is increasing and the emphasis is on voluntary leadership, strong teamwork and execution, and a professional working culture. The introduction was considered naturally according to the need to find. Robotic Process Automation, or RPA, is a technology that replaces human tasks with the goal of quickly and efficiently handling structural tasks. RPA is implemented through software robots that mimic humans using software such as ERP systems or productivity tools. RPA robots are software installed on a computer and are called robots by the principle of operation. RPA is integrated throughout the IT system through the front end, unlike traditional software that communicates with other IT systems through the back end. In practice, this means that software robots use IT systems in the same way as humans, repeat the correct steps, and respond to events on the computer screen instead of communicating with the system's application programming interface(API). Designing software that mimics humans to communicate with other software can be less intuitive, but there are many advantages to this approach. First, you can integrate RPA with virtually any software you use, regardless of your openness to third-party applications. Many enterprise IT systems are proprietary because they do not have many common APIs, and their ability to communicate with other systems is severely limited, but RPA solves this problem. Second, RPA can be implemented in a very short time. Traditional software development methods, such as enterprise software integration, are relatively time consuming, but RPAs can be implemented in a relatively short period of two to four weeks. Third, automated processes through software robots can be easily modified by system users. While traditional approaches require advanced coding techniques to drastically modify how they work, RPA can be instructed by modifying relatively simple logical statements, or by modifying screen captures or graphical process charts of human-run processes. This makes RPA very versatile and flexible. This RPA is a good example of the application of digital to intelligence(D2I).

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.15-24
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• 2018

Despite the recognition of the need for productivity information and its importance, the feedback of productivity information is not well-established in the construction industry. Effective use of productivity information is required to improve the reliability of construction planning. However, in many cases, on-site productivity information is hardly management effectively, but rather it relies on the experience and/or intuition of project participants. Based on the literature review and expert interviews, the authors recognized that one of the possible solutions is to develop a systematic approach in dealing with productivity information of the construction job-sites. It is required that the new system should not be burdensome to users, purpose-oriented information management, easy-to follow information structure, real-time information feedback, and productivity-related factor recognition. Based on the preliminary investigations, this study proposed a framework for a novel system that facilitate the effective management of construction productivity information. This system has utilized Sketchup software which has good user accessibility by minimizing additional data input and related workload. The proposed system has been designed to input, process, and output the pertinent information through a four-stage process: preparation, input, processing, and output. The inputted construction information is classified into Task Breakdown Structure (TBS) and Material Breakdown Structure (MBS), which are constructed by referring to the contents of the standard specification of building construction, and converted into productivity information. In addition, the converted information is also graphically visualized on the screen, allowing the users to use the productivity information from the job-site. The productivity information management system proposed in this study has been pilot-tested in terms of practical applicability and information availability in the real construction project. Very positive results have been obtained from the usability and the applicability of the system and benefits are expected from the validity test of the system. If the proposed system is used in the planning stage in the construction, the productivity information and the continuous information is accumulated, the expected effectiveness of this study would be conceivably further enhanced.