• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.5 no.2 s.9
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• pp.136-145
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• 2001

As with appearing new applications that requires QoS guarantee such as VoIP, VPN in Internet, problems of IP QoS has been one of most important issues in next-generation Internet. IETF has proposed integrated services model(Int-Serv) and differentiated service(Diff-Serv) to supply IP QoS in Internet. Int-Serv model uses the state information of each IP flow, so satisfies QoS according to traffic characteristics, but increases the amount of flow state information with increasing flow number. Diff-Serv model uses PHP(Per Hop Behavior), and there are well-defined classes to provide differentiated traffics with different services according to delay and loss sensitivity. Diff-Serv model can provide diverse services in Internet because of having no the state and signal information of each flow. As MPLS uses the packet forwarding technique based-on label, it implements the traffic engineering in the networks easily. The MPLS can set up the path with different traffic parameters, and assign each path to particular Class of Services. Therefore it is possible to support the Diff-Serv model with well-defined classes. In this paper we investigate the performance improvement of Diff-Serv function in the MPLS network to guarantee class of services in Internet.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.87-91
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• 2013

Objective : This case study examined the evaluation of occupational therapy and plan to intervention of community asperger syndrome child receiving coping model. Methods : We selected child which 7-year-old boy. Evaluation periods were 2weeks which consisted of external factors and internal factors. External factors were made up interaction of subject, environments and participation of school and community. Internal factors were made up observation and structured evaluation about development state and medical conditions. Also it included observation of appropriate mood and emotions. Results : After evaluation receiving coping model, we planed to intervention. First, subject able to use his time effectively. Second, we'll have intervention program about delayed fine motor areas. Third, we'll educate self-control skills and coping skills of subject's action which not controlled himself. Fourth, we'll find the personal and physical sources to care subject. Conclusion : Our research has planed occupational therapy intervention receiving coping model of asperger syndrome subject. Future research need to practical applications.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.487-494
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• 2010

Cooked pork can be easily contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus during carriage and serving after cooking. This study was performed to develop growth prediction models of S. aureus to assure the safety of cooked pork. The Baranyi and Gompertz primary predictive models were compared. These growth models for S. aureus in cooked pork were developed at storage temperatures of 5, 15, and $25^{\circ}C$. The specific growth rate (SGR) and lag time (LT) values were calculated. The Baranyi model, which displayed a $R^2$ of 0.98 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.27, was more compatible than the Gompertz model, which displayed 0.84 in both $R^2$ and RMSE. The Baranyi model was used to develop a response surface secondary model to indicate changes of LT and SGR values according to storage temperature. The compatibility of the developed model was confirmed by calculating $R^2$, $B_f$, $A_f$, and RMSE values as statistic parameters. At 5, 15 and $25^{\circ}C$, $R^2$ was 0.88, 0.99 and 0.99; RMSE was 0.11, 0.24 and 0.10; $B_f$ was 1.12, 1.02 and 1.03; and $A_f$ was 1.17, 1.03 and 1.03, respectively. The developed predictive growth model is suitable to predict the growth of S. aureus in cooked pork, and so has potential in the microbial risk assessment as an input value or model.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.515-532
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• 2023

Bentonite, predominantly consists of expandable clay minerals, is considered to be the suitable buffering material in high-level radioactive waste disposal repository due to its large swelling property and low permeability. Additionally, the bentonite has large cation exchange capacity and specific surface area, and thus, it effectively retards the transport of leaked radionuclides to surrounding environments. This study aims to review the thermodynamic sorption models for four radionuclides (U, Am, Se, and Eu) and eight bentonites. Then, the thermodynamic sorption models and optimized sorption parameters were precisely analyzed by considering the experimental conditions in previous study. Here, the optimized sorption parameters showed that thermodynamic sorption models were related to experimental conditions such as types and concentrations of radionuclides, ionic strength, major competing cation, temperature, solid-to-liquid ratio, carbonate species, and mineralogical properties of bentonite. These results implied that the thermodynamic sorption models suggested by the optimization at specific experimental conditions had large uncertainty for application to various environmental conditions.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1855-1869
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• 1993

For the traditional ALOHA system without capture, the Markov chain obtained using the number of backlogged users at each slot if shown to be non-ergodic. So the infinite population ALOHA with fixed retransmission probabilities is unstable for any choice of the arrival rates and retransmission probabilities. The capture ALOHA system of also shown to be unstable for any arrival rate unless it has perfect. In this paper, we study a stabilization policy for capture ALOHA system that controls the retransmission probabilities and prove the stability of its multidimensional Markovian model by empolying a continuous Lyapunov function, and thus identify the stability region. We also study a delay performance through computer simulation th show the stability for any input rate below the maximum achievable channel throughput.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.144-154
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• 2009

국내 기업에서 와이브로는 다른 모바일 브로드밴드 서비스와 달리 전송속도와 기능이 우월하기 때문에 초기 시장부터 핵심시장이 될 것으로 전망되어 왔다. 그러나 서비스의 이용가능지역이 제한되고 기존 유선 인터넷의 인프라가 확충되어 있으며 경쟁서비스인 HSDPA에 대한 차별성 부족으로 인해 기업시장에서도 서비스 확산이 지연되거나 부진한 실정이다. 그러나 와이브로가 기업시장에서 지닌 가능성은 무한하다. 우선 유무선 융합의 최전선에서 모바일 브로드밴드 서비스로 그 역할을 수행할 것으로 기대되며 향후 제4세대 서비스에서 다양한 비즈니스 모델을 통해 차별적이고 이용편의적인 서비스를 제공할 것으로 전망되기 때문이다. 이에 본 글에서는 시장조사 결과를 바탕으로 국내 기업의 와이브로 이용현황과 의향을 파악하고 기업시장 개발을 위한 전략적 방향을 제언하였다.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.110-120
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• 2009

비동기식 회로는 전역 클록이 없이 모듈끼리의 핸드셰이크 프로토콜에 의해 데이터를 동기화하고, 전송하는 회로로 전역 클록에 기반한 동기식 회로에 비해 전역 클록으로 인한 문제점들, 예를 들면, 타이밍 종결 문제, 전력 소모 문제, 다중 클록 도메인 설계 문제 등에서 이점을 갖는다. 최근에는 이 두 가지 회로의 장점을 모아 서로 다른 클록에 기반한 비교적 작은 규모의 동기식 모듈을 기반으로 모듈끼리의 데이터 전송을 비동기식으로 수행하는 GALS 구조도 많이 연구되고 있다. 본 고에서는 이러한 비동기식 회로를 위한 설계 방식을 설명하기 위해 먼저, 비동기식 회로의 특성과 설계 동향, 설계 방식에 영향을 미치는 핸드셰이크 프로토콜 및 지연 모델을 소개한다. 그리고, 크게 세가지의 설계 방식을 간단한 예제를 통해 설명한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2012.06a
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• pp.152-154
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• 2012

스마트폰은 배터리를 사용하는 기기이기 때문에 전력 최적화가 매우 중요한 사안이다. 특별히, 많은 에너지가 소모되는 3G 네트워크 인터페이스에서, 불필요하게 대기하며 발생하는 Tail 에너지를 줄이기 위한 연구가 활발히 진행되어 왔다. 기존의 연구들은 사용자와 응용의 특성을 고려하지 않고 전송 예측 방법에 대해서도 논하고 있지 않아 실제 시스템에 적용하는데 한계가 존재한다. 본 논문에서는, 국내 망환경에서 적용 가능한 3G 모델을 통해 사용자의 응용 별 사용 경향성을 파악하고, 응용 별로 서로 다른 Tail 지속 시간을 선택하여 에너지를 최적화 할 수 있는 방법을 제시한다. 본 기법을 적용하였을 때, 10%의 지연 증가를 준수하며, 평균 34%의 네트워크 에너지를 줄일 수 있었다.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.59-70
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• 2010

최근 주파수 자원에 대한 수요가 급증하면서 효율적으로 이용하기 위한 정책적 기술적 개선이 요구되고 있다. 기존까지의 정부 주도적인 명령과 통제 방식은 감소되고 시장 경제 원리를 도입한 시장 기반 방식과 주파수를 공유하여 다수의 이용자가 사용할 수 있도록 하는 공유 방식이 증가되고 있으며, 지능형 SDR 개념인 CR 기술이 등장하게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 스펙트럼 관리 현황과 문제점을 살펴보고, 차세대 융합통신 환경에 적합한 스펙트럼 관리 모델과 핵심 이슈들을 소개하였다. 또한 Beyond IMT - Advanced를 지향하는 CRS에서 제공되어야 할 것으로 전망되는 동적 스펙트럼 할당, 통합 무선자원 관리, 동적 스펙트럼 접속 등과 같은 스펙트럼 및 무선 자원의 효율적 이용방식에 관한 표준화와 기술 동향에 대하여 기술하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2004.06b
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• pp.439-442
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• 2004

Timing delays due to VLSI circuit interconnects strongly depend on neighbor line switching patterns as well as input transition time. Considering both the input transition and input switching pattern, a new analytical timing delay model is developed by using the decoupling technique of transfer multi-coupled lines into an effective single line. The analytical timing delay model can determine the timing delay of multi-coupled lines accurately as well as rapidly. It is verified by using DSM-Technology ($0.1{\mu}m$ /low-k copper-based process) that the model has excellent agreement with the results of SPICE simulation.