• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.2C
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• pp.109-117
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• 2010

Gas hydrate dissociation can generate large amounts of gas and water in gas hydrate bearing sediments, which may eventually escape from a soil skeleton and form voids within the sediments. The loss of fine particles between coarse particles or collapse of cementation due to water flow during heavy or continuous rainfall may form large voids within soil structure. In this study, the effect of void formation resulting from gas hydrate dissociation or loss of some particles within soil structure on the strength of soil is examined. Glass beads with uniform gradation were used to simulate a gas hydrate bearing or washable soil structure. Glass beads were mixed with 2% cement ratio and 7% water content and then compacted into a cylindrical sample with five equal layers. Empty capsules for medicine are used to mimic large voids, which are bigger than soil particle, and embedded into the middle of five equal layers. The number, direction, and length of capsules embedded into each layer vary. After two days curing, a series of unconfined compression tests is performed on the capsule-embedded cemented glass beads. Unconfined compressive strength of cemented glass beads with capsules depends on the volume, direction and length of capsules. The volume and cross section formed by voids are most important factors in strength. An unconfined compressive strength of a specimen with large voids decreases up to 35% of a specimen without void. The results of this study can be used to predict the strength degradation of gas hydrate bearing sediments in the long term after dissociation and loss of fine particles within soil structure.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.93-101
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• 2017

In this study, a subjective weighting factors were awarded based on some indication of the difficulty of assessing the preconsolidation stress using traditional methods (Casagrande, Onitsuka et al., Silva, Becker et al., Janbu and Karlsrud methods) such as those proposed by Casagrande and Janbu using undisturbed sample obtained from Gwangyang dredged clay with high plasticity located in the southern area of Korean peninsular. These numbers only assess the relative ease of finding preconsolidation stress and say nothing regarding the accuracy of the value. The data were compared with measurements of undrained shear strength using strength incremental ratio, checking where or not the values are in the range of 0.25 to 0.35 (typical values of Korean marine clay) and analyzing standard deviation(degree of variability). The measurements of undrained shear strength were obtained from unconfined compression tests (UCT). When determining preconsolidation stress of Korean marine clay, at first, the work method proposed by Becker et al. and the bilogarithmic method proposed by Onitsuka et al. should be used. In addition, preconsolidation pressure should be estimated using the traditional Casagrande method as a basic of comparison.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.47-58
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• 2010

This paper presents the injection efficiency of 2.0 shot system which was verified by strength and injection time. In order to perform this study, laboratory model tests and field tests are carried out. The laboratory model tests consist of the test of injection time for verifying the injection ratio, and the tests of homo-gel and sand-gel strengths for estimating the characteristic of strength. It is found that the injection ratio of 1:2 shows the best seepage into the ground. The results of the strengths are also larger than other injection ratio. The large strength will also be expressed by field tests at construction site.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.13-21
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• 2002

An extensive tension experiment was carried out to examine the variation of tensile strength in moist sand having moisture contents in the range of 0.5% < w < 4.0% with newly developed direct tension apparatus. It was observed that tensile strength of sand varied as functions of moisture content, relative density, presence of fines, and level of precompression. Tensile strength increases with increasing moisture content and fines, and this trend is more noticeable at increasing relative densities. However, the influences of relative density and fines on the tensile strength are substantially dependent on the water content. These effects are reduced at low moisture levels (w < 0.5%). The precompression effects also depend on the water content but less on the duration and level of the precompression.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.57-70
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• 2001

한계상태이론은 정규압밀 및 과압밀시료에 대한 비배수 전단강도와 간극수압계수에 관한 식을 제안하고 있는데, 이 식은 3가지 상수를 포함하고 있다. 한계상태상수(M), 한계상태 간격비(${\gamma}$), 한계상태 간극수압계수(Λ)가 바로 그것이며, 이러한 상수는 각 모델 및 구하는 방법에 따라 그 차이가 발생함으로서, 전단강도 및 간극수압계수의 예측시 적지 않은 영향을 미치게 된다. 본 논문에서는 재 성형된 이암풍화토를 이용하여 등방삼축압축시험을 정규압밀과 과압밀로 나누어 실시하고 그 결과를 분석하였으며 이를 토대로 각 모델 및 방법에 따른 상수를 도출하였다. 그리고 이러한 상수의 차이가 비배수 전단강도 및 간극수압계수의 예측에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 시험결과 정규압밀시료의 경우 각 상수의 변화에 따른 비배수 전단강도 및 간극수압계수는 상당한 차이를 보였으며, 한계상태간격비와 Λ값을 강도비로부터 얻어진 값을 사용한 경우가 결과치에 가장 잘 근접함을 알 수 있었다. 과압밀시료의 경우 역시 이들 상수에 따라 전단강도의 변화폭이 크게 나타났으며 정규압밀과 마찬가지로 강도비에서부터 도출된 상수를 적요한 경우 실측치에 가장 근접하였다. 반면 간극수압계수의 예측시에는 상수에 따른 변화폭이 크지 않았으며, 특히 과압밀비가 증가할수록 각 상수에 대한 영향이 작게 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.49-58
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• 2004

The cone pressuremeter test (CPM) is a new in-situ test which combines a standard cone penetration test with a pressuremeter. The cone pressuremeter tests in clay are presented and analyzed. An analytical solution of CPM incorporated non-linear soil behavior with no volume change is presented, and curve fitting technique is proposed to make use of both the loading and unloading portions of the pressuremeter test. The proposed method is accomplished by putting greater emphasis on the unloading portion. Twenty CPM tests are analyzed using the proposed method, and the derived undrained shear strength of soil is compared with other tests such as field vane tests and laboratory tests. The interpreted soil parameters had resonable values when compared to other in-situ and laboratory test results. The cone pressuremeter has provided reliable measures of undrained shear strength using curve fitting method.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.97-104
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• 2015

When carrying out design for soft ground improvement before reclamation of dredged soil, it is very important to appropriately evaluate design parameters such as compression index and undrained strength in order to estimate optimum construction cost. In this study, consolidation and strength parameters were estimated by the samples obtained from the similar reclaimed land. Water content and compression index of dredged soil reclaimed by hydraulic fill method were quite decreased in comparison with those of in-situ conditions at Incheon site. Relationships between compression index(Cc) and water content (wn), and between undrained strength (su) and water content (wn) for dredged soil were obtained by field vane test and oedometer test, respectively. Applicability of Schmertmann correction method (compression index) for low plasticity silty soil was discussed according to comparison with designed and measured settlements.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.15-21
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• 2004

This study is to develop simple solidifying agent to improve loose sand ground by admixing or injecting. This paper studied the optimum mixing ratio of micro cement, bentonite, chemistry admixture, plasticizer, accelerator for the optimum fluidity and strength. The optimum mixing ratio of micro cement and bentonite is 70% : 20%, the optimum ratio of the weight of rapid solidifying agent to the weight of total improved soil is about 8%, the optimum curing period is five days.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.51-58
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• 2014

In this research, the composite grounds including original clay and soil-cement were constructed for conducting uniaxial compression test. Strength and deformation properties were analysed using results of laboratory tests with variations of water content of clay, replacement ratio and cement content. Numerical simulation using 3D distinct element method was conducted for soil cement. For strength of composite ground that contains more than cement contents of 15 %, it is more effective to increase cement content than increase of replacement ratio. Strength and elastic modulus of composite ground could be predicted by regression equations using uniaxial compression strength of clay, cement content of soil cement and replacement ratio. For strength and elastic modulus of soil cement, which is most important things for predicting final strength and elastic modulus of composite ground, numerical simulation using the distinct element method adapted bonding model could be used to verify laboratory test, and predict strength and elastic modulus.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.19-26
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• 2012

In this study, geotechnical tests including unconfined compression test were carried out to evaluate the ground improvement effect of the hardening agent, which has been developed by using inter-chemical reactions between slag, fly ash, phosphogypsum and bypass dust on the weathered granite soil and dredged marine clay. Test results show that the strength of weathered granite soil mixed with hardening agent B-2, which uses phosphogypsum as an activator, is higher than that of B-1, which uses bypass dust as an activator. Strengths of B-1 & B-2 hardening agent mixed soil show only 44%~60% of strength of OPC(Ordinary Portland Cement, OPC) mixed soil. However, since B-1 and B-2 agents are made of industrial by-products, they seem economically more effective than ordinary portland cement as well as other present hardening agents. Test results on dredged marine clay show that unconfined compression strength increases with amount of agent and curing days. Unconfined compression strength of 14% B-1 agent mixed soil increases linearly with curing days and reaches only 40% of OPC mixed soil. While unconfined compression strength of 14% B-2 agent mixed soil increases exponentially and reaches 133% of OPC mixed soil. Relationship between deformation modulus and unconfined compression strength of B-1 and B-2 mixed soil can be expressed as $E_{50}=(20{\sim}47)_{qu,28}$, which is similar with lower limit of OPC mixed dredged marine clay.