• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.23
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• pp.113-151
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• 2003

The major goal of this study is to examine the relation between conflict management strategies and communication competences and the relation between communication competences and relational outcomes of actors in conflict communication situations. Some of the major findings are as follows; 1. The integrate strategy has some positive correlation with communication competences. But escape strategy has some negative correlations with them. It means that the actors who have integrate strategy seems to be evaluated their communication competences highly and the others who have escape strategy seems to be evaluated them lowly. 2. The communication competences have some positive correlations with the relational outcomes such as variables of intimacy, trust and relational satisfaction after conflict. This means the actors evaluate others' communication competences highly intend to have more intimacy, trust and relational satisfaction after conflicts. 3. The communication competence intermediate the conflict management strategy and relational outcomes after conflict. It means that relational outcomes after conflict depend on partners' recognitions of actors communication competence. In sort the present study demonstrates that it is important to improve communication competences in order to get some productive output in conflict interpersonal communication situation.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.62-70
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• 2010

Purpose : The voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) is the investigation of choice in detecting the vesicoureteral reflux in urinary tract infections in children. As it is a potentially distressing and invasive test, most of the parents are so concerned about the child's stress. In this study, we compared the difference of the state of anxiety of parents before and after the VCUG. Methods : We divided 68 parents whose children underwent VCUG into 2 groups; who have given an explanation about VCUG in detail using pictures (group 1) Vs. who have given an oral explanation only (group 2). All the parents submitted the same questionnaire 2 times before and after the VCUG, which consisted of State-Trait-Anxiety-Inventory X-I (STAI-X-I) and visual analog scale (VAS) on the perception of worry, anxiety, confusion and pain. Results : Before VCUG, the perception of pain was higher in group 1 (P<0.05). After VCUG, the anxiety and confusion were significantly higher in group 2 than group 1 (P<0.05). In group 1, STAI-X-I scores, the perception of worry and anxiety were significantly decreased after the VCUG (P<0.05). In group 2, the confusion and pain were increased after VCUG (P<0.05). Conclusion : It showed that doctor's explanation on the procedure in advance may raise the perception of pain and the possibility of refusal by parents. But the STAI-X-I, worry, anxiety after VCUG were significantly decreased in group 1, while the confusion and pain were increased in group 2. Therefore we suggest that prior and sufficient explanation about invasive procedure like VCUG can be helpful in ameliorating the anxiety of the parents.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.151-160
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that affect the level of physical activity targeted elderly and thereby propose a basis for physical activity promotion strategies. Methods : The study subjects were 164 older who agreed to participate and understand the purpose of the study. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 18.0 program multiple logistic regression. Results : Factors showing significant associations with physical activity are gender, spouse, education, job, chronic disease, BMI, subjective health status, perceived barriers, and social supports. In the logistic regression analysis, BMI and perceived barriers were significant factors related to minimal physical activity while chronic disease, BMI, subjective health status, and perceived barriers appeared to be significantly associated with health enhancing physical activity. The result suggest that policy should be established to increasing the level of physical activity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.45-52
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the meaning of conflict experience in cooperative learning activities of pre-service early childhood teachers. The subjects were 85 pre-service early childhood teachers in W university. The data were collected through unstructured interviews and journal writings of the participants. The study results were as follow. First, pre-service early childhood teacher's conflict experiences in cooperative activity are team meeting, fair participation and evaluation, and conflict of the personal relations. Second, pre-service early childhood teacher's conflict resolution experiences in cooperative activity are autonomy of the team meeting time, reflective thinking, sentimental support, recognition of others, and solving problems by the time spending together. Third, the meanings of conflict experience in cooperative activity are formation of felt responsibility, self-growth through consideration of others, reciprocity, and recognition of the meaning of cooperation.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.47-60
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• 1998

The study was designed to investigate implicit and explicit memory effec representations of bilinguals. Hierarchical model of bilingual information processing word naming and translation tasks in the context of semantically categorized or rar Experiments 1 and 2, bilinguals first viewed stimulus words and performed naming or tr then implicit and explicit memory tasks. In experiment I, word recognition times(exp were significantly faster for semantic category condition than random category condi naming task and lexical decision taskOmplicit memory task)showed no difference in e experiment 2, naming task and exlicit memory task showed categorization effect but fOWE a and implcit memory task showed no categorization effect. These findings support the which posits that memory representations of bilinguals are composed of two independer a and one common conceptual store.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.31
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• pp.57-89
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• 2013

Animation tool has been made changes rapid development of animation from analog tool to digital authoring tool. Depending on the change in the status of digital authoring tools, education of digital authoring tool has brought many changes occurred in the institute and university. Digital authoring tool was insufficient for research of authoring tool due to the recognition that authoring tool is a simple tool. I try to resolve the difficulties through the analysis digital authoring tools to students studying at the university. In addition, Suggests social/cultural change of animation practitioners and effective training methods of digital authoring tools in the education of beginners and practitioners. This tool have perceptual knowledge and narrative knowledge. Since the language features and knowledge features is difficult to learn. it must be learned knowledge of computer graphics of professional level properly to learn. Then users should try to be creative within the authoring tool to produce creative results. also formed the community and to exchange information for self-development further it should form job market that authoring tool make formed through medium. So, I think that there is a need to change academically attitude to authoring tool. because this is not only the positive side but it occurs phenomenon to enslave users in authoring tool, and blind faith in the authoring tool or critical stance on software. It was a lot of pre-existing research that investigate engineering and industrial side in the authoring tool. Through this thesis, We will find social/cultural features and academic significance, and investigate that how to approach the method of education.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.49-66
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• 2022

This study intends to examine how the perception of covid-19 risk affects consumers' consumption behavior based on previous studies in a situation where the spread of covid-19 is prolonged. This study demonstrates how consumers' perception of covid-19 risk affects online and offline consumption behavior through the perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, coping effectiveness, and self-efficacy of the revised protective motivation theory (Rogers, 1983). We want to test it through analysis. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, consumers living in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province who have purchased within the past 3 months were selected as a sample. In addition, variable data such as risk perception of covid-19, perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, coping effectiveness, self-efficacy, online purchase attitude and purchase intention, offline purchase attitude and purchase intention were collected through the questionnaire.A total of 363 copies of valid responses were tested to test the hypothesis of the relationship between variables through the covariance structure model. The analysis results of this study were first, that covid-19 risk perception had a significant positive (+) effect on perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, and coping effectiveness. Second, perceived severity and perceived vulnerability were found to have a significant positive (+) effect on offline purchasing attitude. Third, perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, coping plan effectiveness, and self-efficacy were all found to have significant positive (+) effects on online purchase attitude. Finally, it was found that offline purchase attitude and online purchase attitude had a significant positive (+) effect on offline purchase intention and online purchase intention, respectively. Also, it was found that online purchase attitude had a negative (-) effect on offline purchase intention. The results of this analysis will provide meaningful implications for the establishment of strategies for distribution channels according to the social risk of infectious diseases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Cognitive Science Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.29-32
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• 2006

이 연구에서는 표적과 방해자극을 분리시킬 때 관찰되는 간섭 감소가 반구내 및 반구간 조건에서 달리 나타난다는 것을 보여주기 위해 세 개의 실험을 실시하였다. 세 실험의 과제는 모두 색깔이 있는 원과 사각형이 주어지고 항상 검은색으로 제시되는 색 이름 단어가 주어진 상황에서 원의 색은 무시하고 사각형의 색과 단어가 의미하는 색이 같은지, 다른지를 판단하는 것이었다. 사각형의 색이 단어가 의미하는 색과 일치할 때 방해자극인 원의 색도 단어가 의미하는 색과 일치하는지 여부에 따라 방해자극의 세 조건(일치, 불일치, 중립)이 만들어졌다. 또한, 방해자극인 원이 표적 가운데 하나인 단어와 같은 시각장에 제시되는지, 혹은 반대편 시각장에 따로 제시되는지에 따라 반구 간섭조건(반구내 간섭, 반구간 간섭)이 만들어졌다 간섭효과는 불일치 조건과 중립 조건간의 차이로 측정하였다. 실험 1의 결과는 정확률과 반응시간 모두에서 반구내 간섭이 반구간 간섭보다 유의미하게 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 실험 2에서는 방해자극인 원을 선제시하였는데 그 결과 반구내 간섭이 특히 크게 감소하여 반구내 간섭과 반구간 간섭이 차이를 보이지 않게 되었다. 그러나 표적자극인 사각형을 선제시한 실험 3에서는 반구내 간섭이 여전히 반구간 간섭보다 유의미하게 큰 것으로 나타났다. 세 실험의 결과를 종합하면 방해자극의 간섭 효과는 방해자극을 표적과 다른 반구로 분리 제시하거나, 선제시 같은 방법으로 방해자극을 표적과 분리시킬 때 유의미하게 감소하였다. 그러나 애초부터 방해자극을 표적과 다른 반구로 분리 제시하였던 반구간 간섭조건에서는 방해자극의 선제시가 간섭 감소를 가져오지 않았다. 지질의 산패를 가속화시킨 결과라고 생각된다. 따라서 호박 라면 제조시 이러한 공기와의 접촉을 차단시킬 수 있는 포장재료를 선택해야 될 것으로 사료된다.0.05), 맛, 연도, 다즙성 및 전체적인 기호성은 유의한 차이가 없었다.자체를 악하다고 볼 수 없고 더구나 구원을 이 세상에서의 이탈로 볼 수 없다. 진정한 구원이란 원래 하나님이 보시기에 아름다웠던 그 세상으로의 회복을 포함한다. 이런 면에서 하나님 주권 신앙 하에서 구원이란 전 인격적인 구원, 전 우주적인 구원이 된다. 그렇기 때문에 성도는 세상의 삶과 학문, 예술, 정치, 경제, 사회를 포함한 모든 분야를 하나님의 뜻 가운데서 그 원래의 목적에 부합할 수 있도록 회복시키는 일에 적극 참여해야 한다.자체가 이를 주도하기는 사실 어려움이 있다. 그리고 대형유통점이 영업행위를 영업시간제한에서부터 출점제한에 이르기까지 규제하는 건은 심사숙고하여야 한다. 대형유통점이 국가경제 및 지역사회에 미치는 영향이 부정적인가 긍정적인가에 대해 국내외 학계와 업계에서 여전히 많은 논란이 있기 때문이다. 정부와 지자체에 의한 시장개입은 반드시 필요한 경우에 한해 합당한 방법에 의해 이루어져야 한다. 대형유통점에 대한 규제는 지역사회에 미치는 영향을 다면적으로 평가한 결과에 근거하여 이루어져야 할 것이다. 대부분의 지자체는 체계적인 평가시스템과 객관적인 통계 자료를 갖고 있지 못한 실정이다. 향후 가장 시급한 과제는 시장개방 이후 지난 10년간 대형유통점이 지역사회에 미친 영향에 관한 광범위한 통계자료를 수집하고 이를 체계적으로 분석하여 정책방향을 올바르게 설정하는 것이라 할 수 있다.i와 K. pneumonia

• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.258-264
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• 2003

중력이상 및 수치고도모델을 이용하여 한반도 모호면 심도를 추출하였다 중력이상값은 인공위성고도레이더 관폭값을 주로 이용한 전지구 모델을 이용하여 데이터영역 뿐 만 아니라 주파수영역에서도 자료의 균질성을 확보하였다. 모호면 추출은 Kim et al. [2000a]에 의해 제안된 스펙트럼 대비법 및 후리에급수를 이용한 파워스펙트럼분석법을 이용하였다. 전자는 지각근형을 전제로, 지형에 의한 중력효과와 후리에어 중력이상을 파동수영역에서 대비하여 모호면의 심도를 계산하는 방법이고, 후자는 완전부우게 중력이상으로부터 푸리에변환을 이용하여 지하 밀도 변화층의 심도를 계산하는 방법이다. 이 두 모호면은 서로 0.53의 상관관계를 갖고 있으며, 이는 모호면 산출의 방법론적인 차이 및 계산상의 오차인 것으로 사료된다. 이렇게 두 가지 독립적인 방법으로 추출된 모호면을 하나로 통합하기 위한 한 방법으로, 두 모호면의 차이를 계산한 후, 이를 최소자승법을 이용, 두 모호면을 보정하였다. 결과적으로 한반도의 최종 모호면의 평균심도는 32.0km, 표준편차는 2.5km 이며, 최소, 최대 심도는 20.3, 36.6km으로 나타났다. 이 경우 지형에 의한 중력효과는 스펙트럼대비법에 의해 제거된 결과이나, 한반도의 지각이 완전한 지각판 내에 놓여 있어서 Airy-Heiskanin 지각균형설의 가정이 타당성이 있는가, 혹은 국부적인 응력장에 의해 한반도의 지각이 과연 얼마나 지지되고 있는가 하는 것에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요하며, 이에 앞서, 일정한 밀도차를 갖는 연속적인 밀도변화층이 존재한다는 가정이 반드시 필요하다.에는 관련성을 갖고 있으며, 이는 유류 분해정도를 파악하는 지시자로써 특정 무기 오염물질을 이용할 수 있을 가능성이 있으므로 좀더 이들 관계성에 대한 연구가 진행될 필요성이 있다고 판단된다.고 과학적으로 분석할 수 있는 방법이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 의미를 되새기는 것으로 짧은 연구를 시작하겠다. 등은 활성 값이 70% 이상으로 퇴적물 독성이 상대적으로 낮았다. 이중나선 DNA 함량은 28.4 % - 49%로 대조군에 비해서 감소가 크다. 대부분의 정점이 대조군의 30% 내외로 정점 간의 차이는 크지는 않다. 그러나 다른 측정자료와 같이 정점 22에서 18%로 최소치를 나타내고, 정점 2, 12에서 20% 내외의 값을 보인다. 종합적으로 볼 때 오염물질의 유입이 크고, 광양제철 인근 정점 들이 모두 다른 정점에 비해서 낮아서, 퇴적물 독성이 높은 정점으로 조사되었다.hiwo의 광합성 능력은 낮은 농도들에서는 대조구와 유사하였으나, 5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/l의 높은 농도에서는 초기에 매우 낮은 광합성 능력을 보이다가 시간이 경과하면서 대조군보다 더 높은 경향을 나타냈다. 이러한 결과는 식물플랑크톤이 benso[a]pyrene의 낮은 농도에서 노출될 때는 이 물질을 탄소원으로 사용할 가능성이 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구의 결과들은 연안해역에 benso[a]pyrene과 같은 지속성 유기오염물질이 유입되었을 때 내정여부에 따라 식물플랑크톤 군집내 종 천이와 일차생산력에 크게 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 시사한다.TEX>5.2개)였으며, 등급별 회수율은 각각 GI(8.5%), GII

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.1-19
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• 2010

The role of customers in product, service production and delivery is getting more important. Especially, customers' progressive participation in service circumstance bring to success of service delivery and improve service quality. Recently, the studies related to Customer Citizenship Behavior (CCB) which leaves to the discretion of customer is conducting in marketing area. However, the prior study concentrates on antecedents of CCB but it mixed antecedents of CCB and customer participation behavior. Also, there is insufficient related to the consequence of CCB in long-term relationship between service organization and customer. This study examines the effect of customer citizenship behavior on long-term orientation between service organization and customer. The results show that significant effects of citizenship behavior of customer. First, the relationship between customer's perception of justice and CCB was significant. Second, the relationship between customer's perception of support from service organization and CCB was significant. Third, the relationship between customer's perception of value and CCB was significant. Lastly, CCB significantly affect on Long-Term Orientation between service organization and customer.