• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.6 s.65
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• pp.929-941
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• 1997

Optimal force for orthodontic treatment is the force that produces a rapid rate of tooth movement without discomfort to the Patient or ensuing tissue damage. Recently considerable interest has been generated in the application of magnets as a way to obtain an optimal force. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of static magnetic fields of Sm-Co magnets on molecular and cellular activities. The distance of erythrocyte sedimentation was measured directly, and the activities and the syntheses of $Fe^{2+}$-related enzymes (catalase and NO synthase) and non $Fe^{2+}$-related enzyme (lactic dehydrogenase) were assayed by the spectrophotometer. The growth and the proliferation of osteoblast-like cells $MC_3T_3-E_1$ were determined by the crystal violet staining and the ${^3}H$-thymidine incorporation. The erythrocytes were exposed to the pole face flux density of 1,400 G (gauss), and the enzymes and osteoblast-like cells $MC_{3}T_3-E_1$ were exposed to the flux density of 7,000 G. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The distance of sedimentation of erythrocyte was not affected by the static magnetic fields. 2. The activities of catalase and lactic dehydrogenase were not affected by the static magnetic fields. 3. The intracellular syntheses of NO synthase and lactic dehydrogenase were not affected by the static magnetic fields. 4. The growth and the proliferation of cultured osteoblast-like cells $MC_{3}T_3-E_1$ were not affected by the static magnetic fields. These results suggested that the molecular and cellular activities were not significantly influenced by the static magnetic fields.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.322-325
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• 2005

Pseudomonas sp. JH1014 was isolated from stream water as a detergent-compatible alkaline protease producing microorganism. The strain produced no detectable cellulolytic activity in LB medium. The addition of carboxymethyl cellulose induced the production of carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) without causing any significant change in the growth pattern of the strain. The strain reached its maximum growth after 9 to 12 h at $37^{\circ}C$, and the production of CMCase in the presence of the substrate reached its maximum after 21 h of growth at $37^{\circ}C$. The optimum pH of the crude enzyme preparation was pH 6.0. The enzyme had an optimal temperature at $55^{\circ}C$, and retained 70% of its original activity when preincubated at $70^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. Activity staining of the crude enzyme preparation separated on an SDS-PAGE gel showed two active bands with molecular masses of 54 and 30 kDa, indicating that Pseudomonas sp. JH1014 produced at least 2 kinds of CMCase.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.601-608
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ozonation as pretreatment on the removal of dissolved or biodegradable organic matter(DOM or BOM), the variance of DOM fractionation, and microbial regrowth by pilot-scale granular activated carbon processes in which adsorption and biodegradability was proceeding due to long time operation. Regardless of point of ozonation applied, GAC processes with ozonation(i.e., Ozonation combined with GAC Filter-adsorber; Pre O$_3$ + F/A, Ozonation combined with GAC adsorber; Post O$_3$ + GAC) compared with GAC processes without ozonation(i.e., GAC Filter-adsorber; F/A, GAC adsorber; GAC) removed approximately 10 to 20% more of DOC, hydrophilic DOM(HPI), BDOC and AOC after long period of operation that biological activity was assumed to happen. Ozonation was not found to have a significant effect on the removal of DOC, but caused the decrease of AOC by approximately 20%. It was found that the fixed bacterial biomass on GAC media did not show a significant difference between the GAC with ozonation and GAC without ozonation as pre-treatment, whereas the HPC of column effluent was more biostable at Post O$_3$ + GAC compared with F/A or GAC.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.45-50
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• 2009

Antimicrobial activity and cell cytotoxicity of Korean Plum-yem (Cephalotaxus koreana) extract were evaluated for the development of a functional biomaterial. And the chemical compositions of Korean Plum-yem extract (KPE) were analyzed. KPE showed high antimicrobial activities against various microorganisms including gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, yeasts and molds. KPE showed cytotoxic activity dose-dependently against blood cancer cell line K562. Additionally, the KPE showed no significant adverse effect in hemolysis and no mutagenicity. It was suggested that KPE could be used as a functional biomaterial for functional food and cosmetics

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1505-1510
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• 2010

In this study, we investigated antimicrobial- and anticarcinogenic activities of Amphitrite albicostatu (AA) fractions. AA was extracted with methanol first and then further fractionated into four different types: hexane (AAMH)-, methanol (AAMM)-, buthanol (AAMB)- and aqueous (AAMA) partition layers. In the paper disk test, the antimicrobial activity of AA fractions increased in proportion to concentration. Among the various solvent fractions, only AAMB showed antimicrobial activity. We also determined the growth inhibition and quinone reductase (QR) induced effects of AA fractions on cancer cells. The growth inhibition effects of AA fractions on HepG2 and B16F10 cells were evaluated by MTT assay. AAMM showed the strongest growth inhibition effects on HepG2 and B16F10 cells. The quinine reductase (QR) induced effects of AAMM on HepG2 cells at 100 ug/ml concentration indicated it to be 2.04 times higher than the control values of 1.0. Although further studies are needed, the present work suggests that Amphitrite albicostatu (AA) could have a potential use as a food preservative and chemopreventive agent.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.591-604
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• 2020

The objectives of this study were to find out the best condition of extracting methods of limonene from citron and to determine effects of limonene on immune modulation activity by measuring cytokine secretion using RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells. When distilled water was used as a solvent instead of organic solvents to extract limonene from citron, addition of refluxing process to simultaneous steam distillation extraction method was found to be much effective in extracting limonene. However, it required longer extraction time than using other organic solvents. Limonene extracts showed increased IL-β and IL-6 but decreased the TNF-α gene expression in limonene concentration dependant manner. However oral administration of limonene extracts to mice did not influence significantly compared to control in in vivo experiment. It might be due to that the mice were kept in well controlled and complete environment. Limonene, a natural material from citron has been approved to have a immune-modulation activity in the present study and have a potential as a feed additive that is environmentally friendly and no harmful. Further study with protected limonene, for example, for the protection of limonene from oxidation or bypass the ruminal degradation in order consequently to increase immune-modulation activity might be useful as a further research.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.749-761
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• 2022

This study evaluated the antioxidizing and antiproliferative effects of Angelica japonica extract and its solvent-partitioned fractions. A dried sample of the halophyte A. japonica was extracted twice using methylene chloride (CH₂Cl₂) and extracted twice again using methanol (MeOH). The combined crude extracts were then fractionated by solvent polarity into distilled water (water), n-butanol (n-BuOH), 85% aqueous methanol (85% aq.MeOH), and n-hexane fractions. The antioxidant activities of the crude extracts and their solvent-partitioned fractions were assessed according to their DPPH radical and peroxynitrite scavenging abilities, formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA oxidation, NO production, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The crude extract showed significant antioxidant activity in the overall antioxidizing bioassay systems. Among solvent-partitioned fractions, good antioxidant activities were observed in n-BuOH and 85% aq.MeOH fractions and significantly correlated with the polyphenol and flavonoid contents of the samples. Furthermore, all samples tested, including the crude extract, not only showed cytotoxic effects against human cancer cells (AGS, HT-29, MCF-7, and HT-1080) but also prevented cell migration in a dose-dependent manner in the wound healing assay using HT 1080. Among the solvent-partitioned fractions, the 85% aq.MeOH fraction most effectively inhibited the invasion of HT-1080 cells. Therefore, these results suggest that A. japonica may be a potential antioxidizing and antiproliferative agent.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.815-822
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• 2012

Piceatannol (trans-3,4,3',5'-tetrahydroxystilbene), a natural stilbene, is an analogue of resveratrol. Although recent experimental data have revealed the health benefit potency of piceatannol, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer activity have not yet been studied in detail. In the present study, the further possible mechanisms by which piceatannol exerts its pro-apoptotic action in cultured human lung cancer A549 cells were investigated. Exposure of A549 cells to piceatannol resulted in growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis. Apoptosis induction of A549 cells by piceatannol showed correlation with proteolytic activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9, and concomitant degradation of activated caspase-3 target proteins such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, phospholipase C-${\gamma}1$, ${\beta}$-catenin, and Inhibitor caspase-activated DNase. The increase in apoptosis by piceatannol treatment was also associated with an increase of pro-apoptotic Bax expression and decrease of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression, and caused down-regulation of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family members and up-regulation of Fas and Fas legend. In addition, piceatannol treatment markedly inhibited the expression of mRNA and proteins of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase, and the levels of NO production were progressively down-regulated by piceatannol treatment in a dose-dependent fashion. The results indicate that piceatannol may have therapeutic potential against human gastric cancer cells.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.160-166
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• 2000

The extracts of Opuntia ficus indica var. saboten were obtained by using seven solvents of increasing polarity and their antioxidative and antimicrobial activities were investigated along with thermal stability. The highest antioxidative activity expressed as electron donating ability and antimicrobial activity were observed in the 95% ethanol extract. Cell growth inhibition was not apparent on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium, but was great on Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus and staphylococcus aureus at the level of 4.5 mg/ml medium. The ethanol extract of Opuntia ficus indica var. saboten showed the thermal stability in the range of 40∼120$\^{C}$. It was re-extracted sequentially with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water, among which ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest inhibitory effect against Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus and Escherichia coli.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.607-612
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• 2015

The aim of this research was to investigate the whitening effects of rutin and rutin metabolites including 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid (DHPAA), 3-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid (HPAA), 3,4-dihydroxytolene (DHT) and homovanillic acid (HVA). The potent whitening effect of rutin and rutin metabolites were determined by mushroom tyrosinase inhibition assay and expressed as the half maximal inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) against tyrosinase activity in vitro. The HVA showed the highest inhibitory effect ($IC_{50}=37.10{\mu}M$) of tyrosinase activity, followed by DHPAA ($IC_{50}=45.87{\mu}M$), HPAA ($IC_{50}=50.96{\mu}M$), rutin ($IC_{50}=57.98{\mu}M$), and DHT ($IC_{50}=66.09{\mu}M$), respectively. To evaluate cell cytotoxicity, MTT assay was performed with JB6 P+ mouse epidermal cells and expressed as a relative percentage of untreated control. The results showed that rutin and rutin metabolites had no cytotoxic effects on JB6 P+ cells up to $100{\mu}M$ except for DHT (up to $50{\mu}M$). These results suggests that rutin metabolites may be utilized as a potential tyrosinase inhibitors and the whitening agents for the future.