• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.543-548
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• 2017

In the conventional algorithm, the D2D message dissemination algorithm based on the Epidemic routing protocol frequently causes a problem of duplication of the received messages due to the overlaps of D2D transmission coverages. It is because all D2D devices that receive the messages perform relaying the message replicas to other D2D devices within their transmission range. Therefore, we herein propose the farthest-k relay selection algorithm to mitigate this message duplication problem. In the farthest-k relay selection algorithm, less than k devices within the D2D transmission range perform message relay. Furthermore, we perform comparative performance analysis between the conventional D2D data dissemination algorithm and our farthest-k relay selection algorithm. By using intensive MATLAB simulations we prove the performance excellency of our farthest-k relay algorithm compared with the conventional algorithm with respect to coverage probability, the total number of initially and duplicately received messages, and transmission efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.35-45
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• 1999

The research is to examine urban heat island effects which is resulted from urbanization using thermal infrared band of Landsat TM data and to demonstrate heat island alleviation effects of green spaces through correlation analysis of NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and surface temperature. According to the results, forests which are covered with natural vegetation have a high NDVI digital values, but surface temperature is very low, and urban areas which is composed of artificial paving materials have a low NDVI, surface temperature increases gradually. In summary, the analysis of relationship between NDVI and surface temperature, used in this study, is regarded as one of effective methodologies for proving heat island alleviation effects of vegetation.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1381-1386
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• 2019

As traffic congestion in cities becomes more serious, intelligent traffic control is actively being researched. Reinforcement learning is the most actively used algorithm for traffic signal control, and recently Deep reinforcement learning has attracted attention of researchers. Extended versions of deep reinforcement learning have been emerged as deep reinforcement learning algorithm showed high performance in various fields. However, most of the existing traffic signal control were studied in a single intersection environment, and there is a limitation that the method at a single intersection does not consider the traffic conditions of the entire city. In this paper, we propose a cooperative traffic control at multi-intersection environment. The traffic signal control algorithm is based on a combination of extended versions of deep reinforcement learning and we considers traffic conditions of adjacent intersections. In the experiment, we compare the proposed algorithm with the existing deep reinforcement learning algorithm, and further demonstrate the high performance of our model with and without cooperative method.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.495-500
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• 2006

In order to investigate whether antioxidant biomaterials inhibits IL-4 and/or IL-13 expression in vitro and in vivo, we carried out antioxidant assays by enzyme or cell-based assays with Helianthus annuus extract. Antioxidant assays include DPPH, FRAP, hydroxyl radical assays. Helianthus annuus extract exhibited SOD scavenging activity, and had different patterns by each solvent extracted reaction. DW extract inhibited oxidative stress by $H_2O_2$ that induced apoptosis. We measured $CD4^+$ cell and IL-/13 cytokine expression in a classical mouse animal model. The result show that Helianthus annuus extract showed strung inhibition of immune response in the lung. These result suggest that Helianthus annuus extract can reduce inflammation induced by n mouse asthma model.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.142-149
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• 2011

This study analyzed the brand storytelling campaign of Pasteur drink-type yogurt 'Quebyon'. The basic idea of research comes from how unique brand name is able to success in Korean yogurt market. Pasteur storytelling campaign has focused on the product's branding and positioning. For analyzing the research, Brand Stewardship Model(BSM) which based on consumers' perspectives has been used. For successful storytelling campaign of Pasteur, strong brand name is needed. Pasteur has decided the brand name 'Quebyon' which means good movement of the bowels in accordance with the research results. And the positioning has been decided 'attack inside (the body) if it does not evacuate'. For powerful positioning, three criterions are decided. They are including harmony with the brand name, differentiation with competitors and easiness with memory. Finally, the Pasteur product dominates the Korean Bulgarian-style yogurt market. The success comes from the harmonizing of Quebyon yogurt's branding and positioning. In other words, the branding and positioning strategies were working effectively to the consumers. In conclusion, this study has proved why branding and positioning strategies are so important in brand storytelling campaign.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.435-459
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• 2014

Supreme Court of Korea has been mitigating the burden of proof on the malpractice and causal relation by a patient in accordance with the practical transfer of such burden of proof on causal relation as well as relieving a doctor's burden of proof on mistake in the civil damage claim suits on the malpractice. However, a prosecutor shall strictly prove the causal relation between malpractice and unfavorable results as well as a doctor's mistake in the criminal cases for making a doctor accept the professional negligence resulting in death or injury in accordance with In Dubio Pro Reo principles. Furthermore, it shall not be allowed to relieve the burden of proof on malpractice and causal relation which has been frequently applied in the civil proceedings. Nevertheless, it was widely known that the front-line courts accepted the malpractice and causal relation by quoting the legal principles on relieving the burden of proof on malpractice and causal relation applied in the civil cases even in criminal cases with no or insufficient proof on malpractice or causal relation. However, the latest precedents in Supreme Court explicitly declared the opinion that there was no reason to apply the legal principle to relieve the burden of proof on the malpractice and causal relation in the criminal cases requiring the proof 'which doesn't cause any reasonable doubt' on malpractice and causal relation in accordance with the legal principles 'favorable judgment for a defendant in case of any doubt' on the basis of the strict principle of 'nulla poena sine lege.' Accordingly, Supreme court definitely clarified that there would be no reason to relieve the burden of proof on malpractice and causal relation in criminal cases by reversing several original judgments accepting malpractice and causal relation even though there were no strict evidence.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.355-368
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• 2006

This paper introduces a new split-TCP approach for improving TCP performance over IEEE 802.11-based wireless LANs. TCP over wireless LANs differently from wired networks is not aggressive, which is a fundamental reason for poor performance. Therefore, we propose TAS (TCP-Aware Sub-layer) to migigate this problem. Our scheme extends the split-connection approach that divides a connection into two different connections at a split point such as an access point (AP). Using TAS, a wireless node emulates TCP ACK packets using MAC ACK frames, instead of receiving real TCP ACK packets. We compared TAS with both normal TCP and I-TCP (Indirect TCP) by NS2 simulation. Results show that TAS achieves higher throughput, more fair resource allocation and, in power-saving mode, shorter delays.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.25-39
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• 2004

This paper examines the effect of the amendment of the valuation method for unlisted stocks in the inheritance tax law. There were many criticisms on the valuation method of the inheritance tax law because the method is not effective in the respect of the fairness in taxation. The method in the inheritance tax law was amended four times since the year 1991. This research focused on whether these amendments increased the impartiality in taxation or not. The finding of the empirical test indicates that as the valuation method were amended, the stock prices calculated by the valuation method were closer to the real stock price. On this ground, I could conclude that the amendments were effective in decreasing the partiality in taxation. In spite of the result, considering the cycle of stock market, I found that the problem of unlisted stock valuation in the inheritance tax law. The law lacks flexibility and elasticity.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38A no.4
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• pp.295-302
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• 2013

In the network coding, throughput can be increased by allowing the transformation of the received data at the intermediate nodes. However, the adversary can obtain more information at the intermediate nodes and make troubles for decoding of transmitted data at the sink nodes by modifying transmitted data at the compromised nodes. In order to resist the adversary activities, various information theoretic or cryptographic secure network coding schemes are proposed. Recently, a secure network coding based on the cryptographic hash function can be used at the random network coding. However, because of the computational resource requirement for cryptographic hash functions, networks with limited computational resources such as sensor nodes have difficulties to use the cryptographic solution. In this paper, we propose a new secure network coding scheme which uses linear transformations and table lookup and safely transmits n-1 packets at the random network coding under the assumption that the adversary can eavesdrop at most n-1 nodes. It is shown that the proposed scheme is an all-or-nothing transform (AONT) and weakly secure network coding in the information theory.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.827-838
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• 2018

Since 2014, ease of regulations on financial institutions expanded the mobile payment market based on simple authentication, and this resulted in the emergence of various simple payment services. Although several security solutions have been used to mitigate possible security threats to payment applications, there are vulnerabilities which can still be found due to the structure in which the security solution is applied to the payment service. In this paper, we analyze the payment application and security solution from the process perspective, and prove through experimentation that verification functions of security solutions can be bypassed without detailed analysis of each security function, but by simply manipulating the verification result value. Finally, we propose methods to mitigate the bypass method presented in this paper from three different perspectives, and thereby contribute to the improvement of security level of the payment service.