• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 2004

This study was undertaken to compare the serological response of dogs to four commercially available combination vaccines and three different vaccination schedules to canine distemper virus (CDV). A total of 120 healthy puppies (20 puppies per group) at 6 weeks of age were randomly assigned to one of four vaccines [C, G, K, and V (or V3) groups] and one of vaccination schedules [V2 and V4 groups]. At six, nine, and 12 weeks of age, puppies in each group were vaccinated with one of four combination vaccines subcutaneously. And puppies in V2 and V4 groups were vaccinated with V vaccine every 2 weeks and 4 weeks, respectively. The serological responses to CDV component of the vaccines were determined by measuring SN titers. The immunogenicity of V vaccine was superior to the other vaccines and optimum vaccination schedule was 3 times vaccination with 3 weeks-interval starting vaccination at 6 weeks of age. Although puppies were vaccinated at 6 weeks of age, the geometric mean CDV titers of puppies in all groups by 9 weeks of age were under the protective level. Therefore, prophylactic measures should include isolation of young dogs from the dog population until vaccination can be expected to provide protection.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.229-235
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• 2004

To characterize the recent outbreaks of canine distemper (CD) in Korea, we carried out epidemiological investigations by clinical observations, serum neutralizing (SN) antibody titer determination and RT-PCR on the 315 dogs which were clinically suspected as canine distemper virus (CDV) infection. One hundred and sixty two of 315 dogs were infected with CDV. Breed or gender did not seem to have effects on the prevalence of CD. The major part of dogs were in young age from 6 weeks to 18 weeks of age, and were not vaccinated or incompletely vaccinated. Clinical signs of dogs with CD were multi systemic and extremely variable. Dogs died from CD had significantly more ocular signs and neurologic signs than those of dogs survived (p<0.05). The SN titers against CDV of 157 (96.9%) dogs were under 1:16, which is less than protective level. One possible explanation for recent outbreaks of CD in Korea might be low antibody titers against CDV because of vaccination failure. Therefore, to reduce the impact of virulent infection in the dog population, dogs should be vaccinated adequately and prophylactic measures should include isolation of young dogs from the dog population until vaccination can be expected to provide protection.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.43-52
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• 2014

배경 및 목적 암-연관 섬유아세포(Cancer-associated fibroblasts, CAF)는 종양미세환경의 가장 중요한 요소의 하나다. 그래서 두경부편평세포암에 대해 CAF가 암세포의 운동성에 미치는 영향을 평가하고, CAF에 과발현되는 CD44의 역할에 대해 평가하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 두경부암환자의 종양조직에서 CAF를 분리하고, 비종양성 조직으로부터 정상 섬유아세포(NHF)를 분리하였다. 창상치유분석과 상하 챔버를 이용한 3차원 세포 이동 분석을 이용하여, CAF가 암세포의 이동에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, CAF에서 과발현되는 CD44를 중화항체로 CAF를 차단했을 때 암세포 이동의 변화를 관찰하였다. 결과 NHF에 비해 CAF에서 CD44가 과발현되는 것을 관찰하였다. 창상치유분석에서 CAF와 같이 배양된 암세포는 NHF와 같이 배양된 암세포에 비해 더 빠른 이동을 보였다. CD44 중화 항체를 처리했을 때는 암세포의 이동성이 저해되었다. 결론 CAF는 종양미세환경에서 암세포의 운동성을 조절하는 중요한 인자의 하나일 것으로 사료된다. CD44는 CAF의 기능을 매개하는 중요한 표지자 중 하나로 생각된다.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.88-95
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the proapoptotic effects of matrix metal-loproteinase inhibitor (MMPI) and doxorubicin on wild-type p53 osteosarcoma cell line, socalled U2OS cell line. Materials and Methods: U2OS cells were treated with MMP inhibitor III (MMPI III) and doxorubicin, either respectively or simultaneously. In cells treated with doxorubicin, Fas-neutralizing antibody so called ZB4 was additionally treated to examine whether the doxorubicin played a role through the Fas/FasL pathway. Cells were analysed regarding to apoptosis and cell death by flow cytometry. Results: U2OS cells incubated with doxorubicin showed significant amount of cell death in dose-dependent manner. However, those incubated with MMPI III mostly remained viable state. In addition, there is no relationship between two drugs. Cells treated with doxorubicin and ZB4 at the same time did not show down regulation of apoptosis through inhibition of Fas/FasL pathway. Conclusion: It is important to re-examine MMP inhibitor's effect on other osteosarcoma cell line with wild-type p14 as well as wild-type p53 to evaluate its proapoptotic effect.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 1996

대략 36,000 base pairs (bp)의 두 가닥짜리 DNA를 지놈으로 가진 사람 아데노바이러스 (Ad)는 DNA 상동성(相同性) 및 생물학적/생화학적 성격이 특이한 49개의 혈청형이 알려져 있는데, 이들 대부분의 Ad가 영유아군 및 면역능이 저하된 성인에서 치사적 결과를 초래할 수 있다. Ad의 세포향성(向性)(tropism)은 매우 다양하여 종류에 따라 상기도 감염, 각결막염, 영유아 장염등을 유발하는데 최근 Ad의 다양한 병원성에 대한 원인을 분자생물학적 수준에서 규명하려는 노력의 일환으로 지역에 따라 주되게 출현하는 Ad형 규명이 활발히 이루어지고 있다. Ad 동정/확인은 표면을 이루고 있는 group 공통항원인 hexon 단백질을 탐지하는 효소면역 측정법 (EIA)에 의하며, Ad형별은 Ad fiber의 세포독성 중화시험에의 한다. 그러나, 세포독성 중화시험이 엄청난 노동력 및 시간을 요구하면서도 민감도/특이도가 만족스럽지 못하여 이를 개선하기 위하여 검체 또는 세포배양에서 Ad DNA를 추출하여 제한효소 절단형태를 비교하는 방법이 개발되었는데 이는 세포배양에 잘 자라지 않는 바이러스주의 형별뿐만 아니라 지역 분리주들의 지놈 변형주를 관찰하는 분자생물학적/분자역학적 연구에도 도움이 되고 있다. 국내에는 Ad와 관련된 소아장염의 빈도가 rotavirus에 의한 것 다음으로 빈번한데도 Ad40/41외에 주되게 출현하는 장내 Ad형들이 전혀 규명된 바 없고, 한국형 Ad들의 지놈형태가 전혀 보고된 바가 없다. 또한 세계적으로 Ad형별 조사지역이 늘어감에 따라 유아장염과 연관된 Ad 역시 Ad40, 41이 외의 형들이 Ad40, 41을 능가하는 것으로 보고되고 있는 지역도 있으나 국내에서는 Ad40, 41이외의 형들은 그 역학적 중요도가 전혀 알려져 있지 않다. 이로서 본 연구의 목적은 Ad주들에 특이 중화항체를 이용한 세포독성 중화시험과 Ad DNA 절단법을 적용하여 한국형 장내 Ad주들의 형별을 처음으로 시도함과 동시에 1989-1991사이 출현한 Ad들의 유전적 변형을 관찰하려는 것이었다. 두 방법 모두 사용하였을 때 주되게 출현하는 장내 Ad형들은 Ad4l, Ad2, Ad7, Ad5, 및 Ad40이었다. Ad40/41-양성 검체를 제외한 Ad hexon-EIA양성들의 77.5%를 형별 할 수 있었던 Ad DNA의 제한효소 절단방법은 형들간의 교차중화로 특이성이 낮았던 중화방법 (47.5%)보다 매우 효율적이어서 두 가지 방법을 함께 적응하였을 때는 40주중의 81.5%인 35주를 형별 할 수 있었다. 또한Ad DNA 제한 효소 절단방법은 Ad7 변이주 (Ad7b)도 탐지 할 수 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2002

The envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1 forms an oligomeric complex resulting in playing a role to induce neutralizing antibody and cell-mediate immune responses. The oligomer exists as a trimer of gp120-gp41 heterodimer which mediates HIV-1 attachment and fusion. We made a cDNA clone of gp140 consisting of gp120 and ectodomain of gp41 from the primary African isolate. To express the oligomeric gp140 in mammalian cells, we adopted the Semliki Forest virus (SFV) based expression system. The oligomeric gp140 in the secretory form was expressed and purified from the cell culture supernatant and characterized. The antibody inducing activity of the purified gp140 was also examined in mice inoculation.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.207-210
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• 1988

A total of 3 hybridoma clones producting menoclonal antibody (MCA) against Newcastle disease virus(NDV) was raised by cell fusion method. The MCAs did not cross react against other avian or mammalian viruses tested. However, these antibodies reacted with all strains of velogenic and lentogenic NDVs tested indicating that they are unable to discriminate the possible antigenic differences among NDVs. All. the MCAs were classified as IgG type and did not show neutralizing and hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) activity except one clone which has low HAI activity. One of these MCA raised in mouse ascites revealed the titer of $10^6$ by indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test Using the MCA, virulent NDV could easily be detected from tracheal and conjunctival smears made 2 to 3 days after experimental infection.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.205-211
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• 2010

Fifty young calves, about five to six months old purchased from nation-wide were investigated with the prevelance of neutralizing antibody (Ab) of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV), parainfluenza 3 virus ($PI_{3}V$), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). The positive detection ratio of neutralizing Ab against IBRV was only 3% and two of positive samples showed low antibody titer (below 2). Ab against BRSV showed 48% of positive ratio and among 24 positive samples, antibody titer of 23 samples were below 3. But in the case of BVDV, 68% of samples were positive and 23 samples appeared to possess high antibody titer, above 4 and the antibody titer of five samples were above 8. The highest positive result came from $PI_{3}V$. The positive ratio in the samples investigated in this study was 72%, but the antibody titer of positive samples were generally below 3 (77.8% in positive samples).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.68-68
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• 1993

대상환자는 15예로, 14예에서 평가 가능하였다. 남녀비는 8:6, 중앙연령 32세(10-70세)이었고, 대상질환은 악성골육종 7예, 악성임파종 2예, 위암2예, 폐암 2예, 그리고 자궁악성육종 1예였다. CSF 50 ug/$m^2$ 3예, 100 ug/$m^2$ 3예,150 ug/$m^2$ 3예, 250 ug/$m^2$ 3예, 350 ug/$m^2$ 3예, 500 ug/$m^2$ 6예, 700 ug/$m^2$ 용량 3예에서 시행되었다. 1주기 시행한 환자는 7예, 2주기 5예, 3주기, 4주기 각각 1예씩이었다. 부작용은 50-150ug/$m^2$에서 WHO grade I의 발열, 전신쇠약, 식욕부진등이 관찰되었으나 grade II이상의 부작용은 없었다. 250 ug/$m^2$ 이상의 용량에서도 grade II의 발열이 관찰되었을 뿐 다른 중증의 부작용은 관찰되지 않았다. 최고용량인 700 ug/$m^2$ 에서도 grade II의 발열 외의 중한 부작용은 관찰되지 않았다. 각 용량에 따른 백혈구 증가율(%투여제2일/투여제1일)은 130-500% 이었다. 시행된 약동태는 CSF 투여 2-4 시간후 최고치 (0,42-15.4 ng/ml)를 나타내고 투여 12시간까지 0.2-2 ng/ml의 농도로 지속되었다. 소변내 CSF 배설량은 총투여량의 1% 미만이었다. CSF 중화항체는 전예에서 검출되지 않았다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 1991

A considerably high rate of abnormal deliveries of unknown etiology was observed among dairy cattles from November 1988 to February 1989 and Korean native tattles from January to April 1990. The abnormal deliveries consisted of abortions, stillbirths and calf deformities refers to as congenital arthrogryposis hydranencephaly (AH )syndrome. In order to know the level of Akabane antibody of dairy cattle raised in Kyungbuk province, serum neutralization test was conducted with Akabane virus(OBE-1 strain) and HmLu(Hamster lung) cell line. The results were summarized as follows. 1. During 4 months(Nov. 1988-Feb. 1989), abortion (3 heads), stillbirth(1 head) and congenital abnormalities(13 heads) of newborn were occurred in 17 dairy cattles raised in Kyungbuk province. 2. During 4 months(Jan.-Apr.1990), stillbirth(2 heads) and congenital deformities (13 heads) of newborn were occurred in 15 Korean native tattles raised in Kyungbuk province. 3. In Fev, and Apr. 1990, 1,005 dairy cattles at 99 farms were investigated on the actual condition of possessing Akabane antibody. The result was that 1,000 heads (99.9%) in 1,005 dairy cattles reacted as positive condition in Akahane antibody. The antibody titer was from 4 to over 256. 4. 189 heads (18.8%) of 1,005 dairy cattles werw below antibody titer 8 and 816 heads (81.2%) were over 16. 5. Akabane antibody titer of east coast legions(Pohang Yeongil etc) was all over 16, that of internal legions (Yeongiu, Andong. etc) was relatively low, The result suggest that the vaccination for Akabane disease will be unnecessary for the time being because of possessing higher antibody titer reaction except the newly introduced cattle and Akabane virus was widely disseminated in kyungbuk province during the summer months in 1987 or 1988.