• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.30 no.10 s.116
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• pp.809-817
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• 2006

Shipping and ports have important roles as the nodes and links in maritime logistics. The environment between shipping and ports is interrelated and has been changing' together. Recently, the changes of shipping and ports are rapidly in progress and it is expected to be developed complementarily. Especially, mega carriers reduce the number of ports of calls because the size of ships is becoming bigger and bigger and the 'hub and spokes' strategy is appeared. Therefore, the position of a hub port by the region has questioned This paper aims to research the competitive ports by the region on the basis of the patterns when mega carriers call at ports. Six regions, Far East, Southeast Asia, Northwest America, Northeast America, West Europe and Mediterranean, are organized for this research. According to the volume of cargoes, the top five ports of each region are analyzed. As a result, the competitive ports by the region are Shanghai, Hong Kong, Los Angeles, New York New Jersey, Rotterdam and Gioia Tauro.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 2011

This dissertation analysed actuality and literatures aimed at optimizing added value of Busan Port. As far as the literatures are concerned, the limits and the direction to go of Busan Port have been reached through analysing and comparing Busan Port, Antwerp Port, and Rotterdam Port by their each function. While Rotterdam and Antwerp Port are each functioning as an integrated port disposing container freight, general freight and liquid cargo, the container of Busan port contributes over 88 percent of its cargo and the function of the others like bulk is scattered to Ulsan, Masan, and Jinjae Port. Hereby, Busan Port needs to develop its function so as not to duplicate its function with the others in Korea and add value of theirs each. As a result of the local experts about analysing actuality, it turn out that it is similar with the literatures. In macroscopic view, specialization mainly with container, general cargo disposal ability enforcement and etc. are the most important. In microscopic view, rear complex of container tier and the supply base of liquid energy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.252-254
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• 2019

최근 부산 영도를 중심으로 해상관광에 대한 논의가 활발히 이루어 지고 있다. 그에 따라 해상관광에 대한 법률 및 항로 개정, 부산 북항-남항에 대한 여건변화가 지난 몇 년에 걸쳐서 현재까지 계속되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 부산 영도에서 이뤄지는 해상관광의 현황을 분석하고 해양도시에 적용할 수 있는 도시형 해상관광 네트워크 구축 방안에 대해 제안하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.229-229
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• 1994

선택성이 높고 뛰어난 약효를 지닌 항 바이러스제의 개발은 신약개발의 중요한 영역중에 하나이다. 현재 AIDS 치료제로 사용되고 AZT를 비롯하여 항virus 효과를 나타내는 약물의 대부분은 구조적으로 nucleoside계에 속하는 화합물로서 수 많은 약리학적 연구 및 합성 화학적 연구가 이루어져 왔다. 특히 합성 화학적 측면에서 이들 화합물의 합성은 크게 두가지로 나누어지는데 그것은 sugar 부위의 변형을 통한 방법과 염기 부위의 변형을 통한 방법에 의해 새로운 항 바이러스제를 개발하는 것이다. 최근의 연구 동향에 있어서 주목할 만한 변화의 하나는 sugar 부위의 구조적 변형을 시도하는데 있어서 종래의 5원환 형태에서 환이 개열된 형태의 acyclic nucleoside에 대한 연구가 이루어져 좋은 효과를 거두고 인다는 사실이다. Acyclovir, Ganciclovir등 의 개발이 그것이다. 본 연구에서는 종래의 acyclic nucleoside가 ribose sugar의 2'번 및 3'번 탄소를 제거한 acyclic ether 형태로 되어있는 것과는 다르게 ether 부위의 산소를 탄소 치환한 carbo-acyclic nucleoside를 합성하고자 하였다. Acyclic nucleoside를 합성하고자 하였다. Acyclic nucleoside의 side chain의 conformation이 항 바이러스 작용을 나타내는데 필수 불가결한 점을 감안할때, carbo-acyclic nucleoside계 화합물은 보다 다양하게 변형될 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 관점에서 side chain의 2'번 및 3'번 탄소는 side chain의 conformation을 좌우하는 결정적 요인으로 작용할 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이들 탄소를 중심으로한 분자수식을 시도하기로 하고 bioisosterism을 이용하여 3'위치의 수소를 fluoride로 치환한 화합물을 설계하여 합성을 시도하였다.silyl group-5'-무치환 화합물을 tosyl, azido화 한다음 desilylation하여 얻었다. 목적하는(1) 화합물의 diasteromer 인 2',3'-dihydroxy-5'-무치환 유도체(3)는 (4)화합물 합성시 얻은 hemiactal을 key intermediate로 하여 TsNHNH$_2$, NaB(CN)H$_3$ 및 NaOAc로 처리하므로서 얻을수 있었다. 이들 화합물들의 각종 DNA 및 RNA virus에 대한 항 바이러스작용을 검토한 결과 현저한 항 바이러스 작용을 나타내지 않았다.분화유도 활성을 나타내어 항종양제로의 개발에 많은 흥미가 기대된다.기대된다.oxylic acid (compound 10)를 합성하였다.10^{－7}$ M)에 의한 단백인산화에 대하여는 더 미약한 억제-효과를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과는 PDE-1과 항우울약들의 항혈소판작용은 PKC-기질인 41-43 kD와 20 kD의 인산화를 억제함에 기인되는 것으로 사료된다.다. 것으로 사료된다.다.바와 같이 MCl에서 작은 Dv 값을 갖는데, 이것은 CdCl$_{4}$$^{2-}$ 착이온을 형성하거나 ZnCl$_{4}$$^{2-}$ , ZnCl$_{3}$$^{-}$같은 이온과 MgCl$^{+}$, MgCl$_{2}$같은 이온종을 형성하기 때문인것 같다. 한편 어떠한 용리액에서던지 NH$_{4}$$^{+}$의 경우 Dv값이 제일 작았다. 바. 본 연구의 목적중의 하나인 인체유해 중금속이온인 Hg(II), Cd(II)등이 NaCl같은 염화물이 함유된 시료용액에 공해이온으로 존재할 경우 흡착에 의한 제거가 가능하다. 한편 이같은 중금속이온의 흡착실험은 특히 해수중의 금속이온의 회수연구에도

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.19-40
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• 2019

Ports have been facing the adverse impacts of the global recession. In terms of imports, with a vast consumption hinterland, the Incheon Port has developed as the metropolitan's gateway. Additionally, the port's exports to China has been increasing due to a consistent increase in the demand of cold chain foods in the country. Considering the short distance between the Incheon Port and the ports in Northern China, the Incheon Port can serve as a logistics hub and a distribution center for exporting processed foodstuffs to China. The establishment of a cold chain logistics system at the Incheon Port will prove to be a robust strategy. After reviewing studies and interviews from various departments, this study suggested strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) facing the Incheon Port, based on a SWOT analysis; it also recommended competitive strategies for the port. Additionally, the study used the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to identify important factors such as the infrastructural, operational, cost, and technology factors. This study identified the infrastructural factor to be highly critical to the activation of the Incheon Port's cold chain system. Based on the results, the study proposed policies and strategy directions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.43-50
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• 2002

Competition to attract the increasing container cargoes of North China and the West Japan in North-East Asia region is fairly intensed in recent days between the main ports of Korea, China, and Japan. Inducing a new container cargo make those countries possible to invest enormous fund to mordernize its port facilities, as well as to improve efficiency in Port operation and management. In this situation, Strategy to attract transshipment cargoes is of the immediate necessity, This study, therefore, aims to establish the feasible strategies to attract transshipment container cargoes in the North-East Asian region by empirical analysis, he major output of the research is as follows : First, Busan Port to attract transshipment cargoes is required to adjust port tariff and free storage period with flexibility for liner shipping companies and freight forwarder. Second, Price-Demand function of Busan port between main competitive ports in North-East Asian region that is derived from strategies to attract transshipment cargoes, helps marketing manager to fix scientifically port price as understanding the change of demand quantity.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.229-250
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• 2009

This paper aims to implement an empirical research about the efficiency of America and Northeast Asia pots, and to suggest an effective strategy which can operate these ports more well. This study tries to apply the Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) model to America and Northeast Asia ports. DEA is a methodology of comparing the relative efficiency of each decision making unit(DMU) by comparing it with other DMUs having similar input and output structure, and is specially very useful when a form of production function of each DMU such as a port is not known. DEA provides the extent of inefficiency of DMUs, which is practically useful information (like the efficiency score and reference sets) required to improve efficiency. This paper analyzed the relative efficiency of 35 ports in America and Northeast Asia for 3 years from 2005 to 2007 through DEA-CCR, DEA-BCC model and scale efficiency. Accordingly, this paper evaluates the efficiency of America and Northeast Asia ports, grasps the position at the present time, and suggests an advanced direction in future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.760-769
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• 2023

A numerical simulations were performed to investigate the storm surge during the passage of Typhoon Maemi on the coast of Busan. The typhoon landed on the southern coasts of Korean Peninsula at 21:00, September 12, 2003 with a central pressure of 950 hPa, and the typhoon resulted on the worst coastal disaster on the coast of Busan in the last decades. Observed storm surges at Busan, Yeosu, Tongyoung, Masan, Jeju and Seogwipo harbors during the passage of the typhoon were compared with the computed data. The simulated storm surge time series were in good agreement with the observations. The simulated peak storm surges were estimated to be 230 cm at Masan harbor, 200 cm at Yeosu harbor and Tongyoung harbor, and 75 cm at Busan harbor. The computed storm surges along the east coast of Busan measure 52 to 55 cm, exhibiting a gradual reduction in surge height as one moves further from the coast of Busan. Therefore, coastal inundation due to the storm surge in the semi-enclosed bay can induce great disasters, and the simulated results can be used as the important data to reduce the impact of a typhoon-induced coastal disaster in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.151-153
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 사회네트워크 분석 기법을 이용하여 2005년부터 2013년까지 운용되었던 국내 연안여객선의 항로를 분석하였다. 분석결과 연도별로 중심이 되는 항구가 변화되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 목포는 지속적으로 가장 높은 연결 중심성을 보였으며, 여수는 최근 그 중심성이 높아지는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 물동량과 이용량 등 전통적인 방법을 통하여 분석한 결과와 사회 네트워크 방법으로 분석한 결과 값을 비교하였는데 이 두 값이 매우 강한 상관관계를 보였다. 이를 통해 전통적인 방법을 사용하지 않더라도 네트워크 분석을 통해 해당 항구의 중심성을 알 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.133-158
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• 2018

The role and ratio of national vessels in the global container shipping market have reduced significantly due to the bankruptcy of Hanjin Shipping in early 2017. All import-export companies, as well as container ports in Korea, are facing a crisis. The Trump's tariff and trade battles have had a negative impact on the increase in the North American cargo. However, Chinese and Japanese container shipping companies, which merged with domestic container shipping companies, and mega carriers such as Maersk and CMA CGM have benefited from the decline in shipping supplies due to the collapse of Hanjin Shipping, the world's 10th largest container carrier in Korea. The import/export freight trade in Korea is witnessing the increasing stronghold of foreign carriers. This scenario is expected to weaken Korea's negotiation powers with overseas shipping companies in domestic ports, such as Busan and Kwangyang, thereby making it more challenging to attract shipping carriers. This study compares the global container-shipping network in 2007 and 2017 by combining the network topology of the social network analysis and the economics of the liner shipping connectivity index (LSCI) and the container port connectivity index (CPCI) analysis. The findings of this study are that the role of the ports across the world can be identified, and CPCI has a high correlation with the centrality index and freight volume data. These findings can contribute toward the utilization of the meaning of the necessary centrality index without an additional centrality analysis. This study can be applied not only to the call strategy of container carriers but also to the alliance and development strategy of Korean ports.