Journal of Korea Port Economic Association (한국항만경제학회지)

The Korea Port Economic Association (한국항만경제학회)
권호 표지

Dynamics of Global Liner Shipping Network and Strategy of Korean Ports

국제 컨테이너 선대 운항네트워크 변화와 우리항만의 전략

  • Received : 2018.08.31
  • Accepted : 2018.09.28
  • Published : 2018.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The role and ratio of national vessels in the global container shipping market have reduced significantly due to the bankruptcy of Hanjin Shipping in early 2017. All import-export companies, as well as container ports in Korea, are facing a crisis. The Trump's tariff and trade battles have had a negative impact on the increase in the North American cargo. However, Chinese and Japanese container shipping companies, which merged with domestic container shipping companies, and mega carriers such as Maersk and CMA CGM have benefited from the decline in shipping supplies due to the collapse of Hanjin Shipping, the world's 10th largest container carrier in Korea. The import/export freight trade in Korea is witnessing the increasing stronghold of foreign carriers. This scenario is expected to weaken Korea's negotiation powers with overseas shipping companies in domestic ports, such as Busan and Kwangyang, thereby making it more challenging to attract shipping carriers. This study compares the global container-shipping network in 2007 and 2017 by combining the network topology of the social network analysis and the economics of the liner shipping connectivity index (LSCI) and the container port connectivity index (CPCI) analysis. The findings of this study are that the role of the ports across the world can be identified, and CPCI has a high correlation with the centrality index and freight volume data. These findings can contribute toward the utilization of the meaning of the necessary centrality index without an additional centrality analysis. This study can be applied not only to the call strategy of container carriers but also to the alliance and development strategy of Korean ports.

2017년 초 한진해운의 파산에 따라 세계 컨테이너 운송시장에서 차지하는 국적선의 비중 및 역할이 현저하게 줄어들었다. 이에 우리나라의 수출입 기업 뿐만아니라 항만들도 위기를 맞게 되었다. 더구나 미국 트럼프 대통령이 촉발한 관세 및 무역전쟁은 북미 향발 화물의 증가에 부정적인 영향을 초래하고 있다. 반대로 초대형 선사들인 머스크나 CMA CGM과 자국 내 컨테이너 선사간 인수 합병한 중국 및 일본 컨테이너 선사들은 국내 유일의 세계 10대 국적 컨테이너 선사이던 한진해운이 파산함에 따라 선복 공급 감소의 반사이익을 얻고 있다. 수출입화물의 무역거래에서 외국적선사의 권력이 더욱 커지고 있다. 이에 따라 부산 및 광양 등 국내 항만은 해외선사와의 협상력 약화가 초래 되어 선사 유치가 더욱 어려워질 수 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 상황에서 사회연결망의 위상학적 분석과 LSCI 및 CPCI의 경제학적 분석능력을 결합하여 2007년과 2017년의 전 세계 컨테이너 운송네트워크를 비교하였다. 연구결과 항만의 역할을 파악할 수 있으며, CPCI가 중심성지수 및 물동량자료와 높은 상관관계를 갖기 때문에 별도의 중심성 분석 없이도 필요한 중심성지수가 갖는 의미를 활용할 수 있다. 본 연구결과를 우리나라 선사들의 기항 전략과 우리항만의 제휴항만전략 및 발전전략에 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

Keywords

References

  1. 강동준(2015), 세계 주요지역 항만의 네트워크 특성이 성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구, 한국항만경제학회지, 31(4), 189-207.
  2. 곽기영(2017), 소셜네트워크분석, 제2판, 청람
  3. 김용학(2014), 사회연결망분석, 제3판, 박영사
  4. 김주혜.권오경(2014), 항만 네트워크 중심성과 효율성간의 상관관계 분석: 사회네트워크 분석을 중심으로, 로지스틱스연구, 22(4), 1-14.
  5. 박병인(2015), 광양항과 동북아 주요 컨테이너항만간 경협 추세분석, 한국항만경제학회지, 31(2), 85-101.
  6. 이상윤(2015), 동서기간항로 항만중심성에 관한 연구 -사회 연결망 분석을 기반으로-, 해양정책연구, 30(2), 111-141.
  7. 임병학(2011), 컨테이너항만 네트워크가 항만 생산성이 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 사회 네트워크 분석을 중심으로, 로지스틱스연구, 19(3), 19-35.
  8. 임병학(2012), 사회 네트워크 분석 접근법을 이용한 효율적인 항만의 영향력과 순위 측정에 관한 연구, 한국SCM학회지, 12(1), 37-47.
  9. Bartholdi III, J. J., Jarumaneeroj, P., and Ramudhin, A.(2016), A New Connectivity Index for Container Ports, Maritime Economics and Logistics, 18(3), 231-249.
  10. Borgatti, S.P., Everett, M. G., and Freeman, L.C. (2002), Ucinet 6 for Windows: Software for Social Network Analysis, Harvard, MA: Analytic Technologies.
  11. Cisic, D., Komadina, P., and Hlaca, B.(2007), Network Analysis of the Mediterranean Port Supply Chain Structures, Pomorstvo, 21(1), 211-220.
  12. Cullinane, K. and Wang, Y.(2012), The hierarchical configuration of the container port industry: an application of multiple linkage analysis, Maritime Policy and Management, 39(2), 169-187.
  13. de Langen, P. W., Udenio, M., Fransoo, J. C., and Helminen, R.(2016), Port Connectivity Indices: An Application to European RoRo Shipping, Journal of Shipping and Trade, 1(6), DOI: 10.1186/s41072-016-0008-0.
  14. Ducruet, C.(2013), Network diversity and maritime flows, Journal of Transport Geography, 30, 77-88.
  15. Ducruet, C. and Zaidi, F.(2012), Maritime constellations: A complex network approach to shipping and ports, Maritime Policy and Management, 39(2), 151-168.
  16. Ducruet, C. and Notteboom, T.(2012a), Developing Liner Service Networks in Container Shipping, In Song, D.W. and P. Panayides(Eds.) Maritime Logistics: A Complete Guide to Effective Shipping and Port Management, London: Kogan Page, 77-100.
  17. Ducruet, C. and Notteboom, T.(2012b), The Worldwide maritime network of container shipping: Spatial structure and regional dynamics, Global Networks, 12(3), 395-423.
  18. Ducruet, C., Ietri, D., and Rozenblat, C.(2011a), Cities in worldwide air and sea flows: A multiple networks analysis. Cybergeo: European Journal of Geography, 528.
  19. Ducruet, C., Lee, S. W., and Roussin, S.(2009), Local strength, global weakness: a maritime network perspective on South Korea as Northeast Asia's logistics hub, International Journal of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, 1, 32-50.
  20. Ducruet, C., Lee, S. W., and Ng, A. K. Y.(2010), Centrality and vulnerability in liner shipping networks: revisiting the Northeast Asian port hierarchy, Maritime Policy and Management, 37(1), 17-36.
  21. Ducruet, C., Lee, S. W., and Song, J. M.(2011b), Network position and throughput performance of seaports, In Notteboom, T. E. (Ed.), Current Issues in Shipping, Ports, and Logistics, Bruxelles: Academic and Scientific Publishers(ASP), 189-201.
  22. Fremont, A., and Parola, F.(2011), Carriers' Role in Opening Gateways: Experiences from Major Port Regions, in Hall, P., McCalla, R.J., Comtois, C., and Slack, B.(Eds.) Integrating Seaports and Trade Corridors, Ahsgate Farnham and Burlington, 47-63.
  23. Fugazza, M. and Hoffmann, J.(2017), Liner shipping connectivity as determinant of trade, Journal of Shipping and Trade, 2(1), DOI 10.1186/s41072-017-0019-5
  24. Hoffmann, J.(2012), Corridors of the Sea: An investigation into liner shipping connectivity, Les Corridors de Transport, Les Oceanides, 263-276.
  25. Hoffmann, J.(2013), Liner Shipping Connectivity Matrix, UNCTAD.
  26. Hu, Y. and Zhu, D.(2009), Empirical analysis of the worldwide maritime transportation network, Phisica A, 388, 2061-2071.
  27. Kaluza, P., Kolzsch, A., Gastner, M. T., and Blasius, B.(2010), The complex network of global cargo ship movements, Journal of the Royal Society Interface, doi:10.1098/rsif.2009.0495.
  28. Kleinberg, J.(1999), Authoritative sources in a hyperlinked environment, J. ACM, 46, 604-632.
  29. Laxe, F. G., Seoane, M. J. F., and Montes, C. P.(2012), Maritime degree, centrality and vulnerability: port hierarchies and emerging areas in containerized transport(2008-2010), Journal of Transport Geography, 24, 33-44.
  30. Lloyd's List(2017), One Hundred Ports 2017, Informa.
  31. Low, J. M. W. and Tang, L. C.(2012), Network effects in the East Asia container port industry, Maritime Policy and Management, 39(4), 369-386.
  32. McCalla, R., Slack, B., and Comtois, C.(2005), The Caribbean basin: adjusting to global trends in containerization, Maritime Policy and Management, 32(3), 245-261.
  33. Montes, C. P., Seoane, M. J. F., and Laxe, F. G.(2012), General cargo and containership emergent routes: A complex networks description, Transport Policy, 24, 126-140.
  34. Seoane, M. J. F., Laxe, F. G., and Montes, C. P.(2013), Foreland determination for containership and general cargo ports in Europe(2007-2011), Journal of Transport Geography, 30, 56-67.
  35. Tran, N. K. and Haasis, H.(2014), Empirical analysis of the container liner shipping network on the East-West corridor(1995-2011), Netnomics, 15(3), 121-153.
  36. UNCTAD(2017), Review of Maritime Transport 2017, UN.
  37. Veenstra, A. W. and Mulder, H. M.(2005), Analysing container flows in the Caribbean, Journal of Transport Geography, 13(4), 295-305.
  38. Wang, C. and Wang, J.(2011), Spatial pattern of the global shipping network and its hub-nd-spoke system, Research in Transportation Economics, 32(1), 54-63.
  39. Wang, Y. and Cullinane, K.(2016), Determinants of Port Centrality in Maritime Container Transportation, Transportation Research Part E, 95, 326-340.
  40. Wang, Y.(2013), Multiple centrality assessment of ports in maritime container transportation, In Proceedings of IAME conference, Marseille, France.
  41. Wang, Y., and Cullinane, K.(2008), Measuring Container Port Accessibility: An Application of the Principal Eigenvector Method(PEM), Maritime Economics & Logistics, 10(1&2), 75-89.
  42. Wilmsmeier, G. and Hoffmann, J.(2008), Liner Shipping Connectivity and Port Infrastructure as Determinants of Freight Rates in the Carribbean, Maritime Economics and Logistics, 10(1&2), 130-151.