• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.509-518
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• 2023

Although German Neo-expressionism and Chinese modern ink painting are separated by thousands of miles in geographical space, they have a similar origin time, and there are many commonalities between them. In the aspect of creative attitude, artists of both styles can absorb and resist foreign styles, return to the past and conquer the tradition. In the aspect of formal expression, the objects of both paintings are representational rather than realistic, and the material characteristics of the media are emphasized. At the inner spiritual level, both expressionism and modern ink painting pay attention to social concern, and show the uncertainty of postmodernism together. The commonality between German neo-expressionism and Chinese modern ink painting does not mean to eliminate the difference, but to maintain the coexistence of difference and commonality.

• Art History and Visual Culture
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• no.21
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• pp.126-147
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• 2018

This paper is to find the theme and meaning of the Beauvais Grotesque tapestry considered a conundrum. The three works are chosen from Beauvais Grotesque consisting of six tapestries, which are The Offering to Pan, The Musician and Dancers, The Camel in the J. Paul Getty Museum. I analyzed these works by dividing them into grotesque ornaments, chinoiserie motifs, and scenography. The Offering to Pan shows the influence of Raphael's Grotesque tapestry, but Beauvais work followed the design of Jean Berain's Grotesque with arabesque. In The Musician and Dancers, chinese ceramics, textiles, and Chinese people in edge were noted. Especially, the Chinese with yellow skin in the border reveals the European gaze on China at that time. In the 18th century, Chinoiserie was prevalent through stage designs rather than books. The Camel, playing Brighella, makes it clear that this tapestry is a stage of Comedia dell'arte. The characteristic of Comedia is a mixture of genres such as music and dance, with no scripting 'improvisation.' Features of Comedia are 'improvisation' without a script and a mixture of genres such as music and dance. Thus, the Grotesque tapestry transfers the stage of the Comedia into threads woven. In addition, the horizontal stage decoration with the disappearance of the perspective vanishing point is related to the era of regent of Philippe d'Orl?ans (1674-1723). Above all, the grotesque, Chinoiserie, and scenography are all fantasies separated from reality. Therefore, the Beauvais Grotesque tapestry represents of 'improvisation' and 'fantasy' in which there is no narrative theme or meaning, as if the script of Comedia did not exist.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.12 no.3 s.26
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• pp.185-192
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• 2006

Distribution of wind direction and wind speed is very important from the viewpoint of ship's safety because it is closely related to the formation and development of sea wave. In this study, the climatological characteristics of monthly wind distribution in a greater coasting area of Korea are analyzed by the ECMWF objective analysis data for the period from 1985 to 1995{11 years). Distributions of wind direction from October to March are very similar and wind speed is strongest in January. The NW'ly and WNW'ly winds at a latitude of 30 degrees N and northward and the NE'ly wind in the Straits of Taiwan and the South China Sea are sustaining and very strong. Distributions of wind direction from June to August are similar and the SW'ly and SSW'ly winds in the South China Sea are strong. The strong Southeast trades exists in the winter hemisphere{Southern Hemisphere). Wind speeds in April, May and September are generally weak.

• Korean Architects
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• s.600
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• pp.112-117
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• 2019

1974년 10월 '월간 건축사'에 글이 하나 실렸다. 건축 작품이 정치사회적 논쟁의 중심에 섰던 최초이자 마지막이 아니었던가 싶은 김수근의 <부여 박물관>에 대한 일본풍 논쟁이었다. 논쟁의 발단은 한참 선배인 김중업의 언급에서 시작됐다. 한국 현대 건축의 시작점에서 프랭크 로이드 라이트를 일본을 거쳐 배운 김수근과 유럽의 르 코르뷔지에 말년 3년을 같이 한 김중업의 논쟁이었다. 일본풍은 <왜색>이라는 자극적 표현 때문에, 독립된 지 얼마 안 된 우리 정서로는 매우 민감한 부분이었고 사회적으로 파란이 일었다. 여러 사람들이 논쟁에 가담했었는데, 이런 논쟁이 단 몇 차례로 끝나고 이어지지 않은 것은 우리 건축계를 위해선 안타까운 일이었다. 600호 특집을 준비하다 발견한 <월간 건축사 1974년 10월호> 글은 놀라웠다. 그리고 1974년의 통렬한 비판이 아니라 지금까지도 언급할 가치가 있는 내용이었다. 자그마치 45년 전 건축계 전체에 대한 발전을 촉구하는 글에서 지금을 생각하게 됐다. 특히 두 '귀화인'이라는 표현에서 여전히 자기 정체성을 확보하지 못한 대한민국 건축계에 울리는 소리가 크다. 여전히 직수입된 사고와 생각을 유행매체에 마케팅하는 전략이 먹히는 풍토에서 이 글은 반성의 시간을 가지게 만든다. 피터 춤토르가 스위스 산속에서 혼자 뚝딱거리면서 조용히 건축을 하고, 중국에서 왕 슈는 폐자재로 수공예하는 건축을 하다 세계에 존재감을 알리게 되고, 알렉한드로 아라베나는 빈민주택으로 사회적 정체성을 알렸다. 해외대학 이력이 국내 대학보다 활동하기 좋은 대한민국 건축계는 반성의 시간을 가져야 할 것 같았다. 과연 45년 전 보다 선명해 졌는가? 원문을 거의 그대로 옮긴다. 다만 한자 표현이나 이해 어려운 문장은 다소 변환했다. 천천히 음미하면서 읽어보시길${\ldots}$ 1974년 10월 두 귀화인의 논쟁에 대한 학문적 비판글.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1992

The sea surface winds are computed over the adjacent seas of Korea from the twice-dayily weather maps for the ten-year period 1978-1987 by using the Cardone model. Monthly mean wind-stress and wind0stress curl are also calculated and given as maps. the computed surface winds are compared with observed one at the JMA (Japan Meteorological Agency) Buoy. and the results show a good consistency in speed and direction. In particular, the magnitude of mean wind-stress is turned out to be twice bigger than the previous results over the sea of Japan. Monthly distributions of wind-stress curl reveal that over the yellow sea by the longitudinal boundary of $120^{\circ}{\;}~{\;}125^{\circ}{\;}E$, the area of negative cur exists over the western part of the sea except summer season, while the positive sign of the curl prevails over the eastern part of the Yellow Sea. However, over the Sea of Japan, with two positive maxima at the northern part and near the Wonsan Bay, the positive curl in the northern half and the negative curl in the southern of the sea characterize the monthly mean distribution of the wind-stress curl.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.91-105
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• 1999

본 연구는 필자가 미국 Oregon 주의 수산업사를 조사하던 중 1940년대부터 시작된 미국으로 이민 한 중국인들이 미국 서부 수산업에 미친 영향이 거대하다는 것을 발견하고, 이에 관련된 문헌을 찾아 최초 미국 서부(특히, California 주)에 이민하기 시작했던 중국 이민자들이 미국에서 수산업 활동을 시작한 배경과 그에 따른 영향 등을 살펴본 것이다. 중국인이 미국에 이민하기 시작한 배경은 두 가지가 있다. 하나는 국내적인 요인으로서 중국에서의 경제적 빈곤과 정치적 핍박이었고, 다른 하나는 국외적인 요인으로서 금캐기가 가능하다는 소식 등 미국 생활에 대한 동경이었다. 중국인의 미국 이민사에서 독특한 점의 하나는 중국 남부지 방에 위치한 광동성 지방민들이 절대적인 비중(90% 이상)을 차지하고 있다는 것이다. 가장 큰 이유는 광동성은 일찌기 외국문물이 드나드는 곳이어서 인근 광동성 지방민들은 다른 지방민보다 외국소식을 쉽게 접할 수 있었기 때 문이었다. 미국에 도착한 광동성 지방민들은 쉽게 직업을 구할수 없는 처지이 되자 그들이 익숙하게 알고 있는 바다생활에 뛰어들었고, 마침내는 미국 서부에서 진취적인 어업인이 되었다. 따라서 서부에서 최초의 상업적 어업인이 되었으며, 미국 서부에서 시작한 중국인의 수산업은 점차 다른 주로 퍼져 나갔다는 기록은 중국인이 미국 전역에서 최초의 상업적 어업인이었음을 알게 한다. 최초의 중국인 어촌은 1854년 San Francisco의 Rincon Point에 세워졌으며, 25척의 어선과 150여명의 주민이 살았다. 그들이 사용한 어구ㆍ어업은 통발, 정치망, 선망, 낚시, 연승 등이었으며, 중국풍의 어선과 어구를 직접 만들어 새우, 철갑상어, 대구, 우럭, 넙치, 게, 가재, 전복 등을 어획했다. 1888년에는 San Francisco 전역에 20개의 어촌이 형성되었고, 2천여명의 어업종사자가 있었다. 1900년부터는 점차 그 수가 줄기 시작하였다. 가장 크고 오래 지속된 어업은 새우어업은 1860년대부터 1940년 중반까지 계속되었으며, 이 어업에 의해 새우가 인근 지역의 보편적인 식품으로 자리하게 되었다. 인디언에 의해 단순한 장식품으로 사용되던 전복은 중국인에 의해 그 맛이 알려지게 되었고, 유럽이나 미국 동부로 팔려 나갔다. 상어 또한 중국인에 의해 먹기 시작하였으며, 내장에서 뺀 기름이 사용되기 시작하였다. 게를 잡기 위한 통발과 시장형성으로 San Francisco부두의 많은 부분이 차지되었다. 1880년대부터 시작된 해조류의 채취는 처음에는 인디언들에 의해 시작되었으나, 곧 중국인들에 의해 본격화되었다. 광동성 지방민들의 초속식품의 하나인 오징어를 잡기 위해 중국인들은 배를 만들어 야간에 횃불을 밝혔다. 오징어는 곧 San Francisco 주민은 물론 태평양 연안주와 미국 전역에 있는 중국식당에서 수요가 지속되었다. 중국인들은 1849년부터 연어를 상업적으로 잡기 시작하였으며, Washington주에서 시작되어 Oregon, British Columbia, Alaska로 퍼진 통조림 공장은 주로 중국인의 노동력에 의해 운영되었다. 위와 같이 중국인들이 미국 수산업 분야에서 크게 활동하자 미국인들은 그들의 수산업 활동을 제재 또는 통제하고자 일정한 납세를 명시한 각종 법률, 특히 The Chinese Exclusion Act 등을 제정하였다. 미국 서부에서 중국인의 수산업은 미국인의 법적 제재, 중국인의 다른 직업으로의 이직 등으로 1940년대를 끝으로 막을 내렸다.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.693-710
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• 2013

This study investigates the distribution of suspended particulates during the Asian dust period in Busan, Korea in the spring of 2009. Weather map and automatic weather system (AWS) data were used to analyze the synoptic weather conditions during the period. Particulate matter 10, laser particle counter data, satellite images and a backward trajectories model were used to analyze the aerosol particles distribution and their origins. In Case 1 (20 February 2009), when the $PM_{10}$ concentration increased, the aerosol volume distribution of small ($0.3-1.0{\mu}m$) particles decreased, while the concentration of large ($1.0-10.0{\mu}m$) particles increased. When the $PM_{10}$ concentration decreased, the aerosol volume distribution was observed to decrease as well. The prevailing winds changed from weak northerly winds to strong southwesterly winds when the concentration of the large particles increased. The correlation coefficient between the $PM_{10}$ concentration and aerosol volume distribution of large particles showed a high positive value of over 0.9. The results from the trajectory model show that the Asian dust originated in the Gobi desert and the Nei Mongol plateau. In Case 2 (25 April 2009), when the $PM_{10}$ concentration increased, the aerosol volume concentration of small ($0.3-0.5{\mu}m$) particles decreased, but the concentration of large ($0.5-10.0{\mu}m$) particles increased. The opposite was observed when the $PM_{10}$ concentration decreased. The prevailing winds changed from northeasterly winds to southwesterly and northeasterly winds. The correlation coefficient between the $PM_{10}$ concentration and aerosol volume distribution of large particles ($1.0-10.0{\mu}m$) showed a high positive value of about 0.9. The results from the trajectory model show that the Asian dust originated in Manchuria and the eastern coast of China.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.51-61
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• 2013

This Paper aims to explore the key factors that drive box-office success in Korean, Chinese and Japanese film market regarding to the storytelling of the movies. At first, I researched the top 20 movies at the box office of Korean, Chinese and Japanese film market from 2007 to 2011.And then I tried to figure out the key factors for the success and the differences among those countries. Usually the purpose of the movie planning in Korea is for the domestic market. In the profit structure of Korean film industry, it is really hard to focus on the overseas film market. In Chinese film market, recently it has been changed a lot especially film genre. The movie liked to watch is melodrama, romantic comedy movie It is being changed to the comedy genre from the war and martial arts movie. And it is emphasized the importance of the scenario in the film production. They want to watch their lives like a real and dreams at the movie and the movie tries to show this trend. In Japanese film market, they made movies in which TV drama, animation and cartoon according to the O.S.M.U. strategy. The movies like to watch are the blockbuster movies, horror movies, thriller movies and melodrama. Comparing with Korea and China, they like movies which show more fantastic and fairy tale imagination.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.35-48
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• 2017

This study analyzed the obvious increasing tendency of summer (June to August) rainfall in the region of Korea- and northern China ($35^{\circ}-40^{\circ}N$, $110^{\circ}-130^{\circ}E$) in the late 1990s. In order to investigate the causes of the increase in summer rainfall since 1998, we analyzed the difference of the rainfall average between 1998-2012 and 1981-1997. The analysis of the 850 hPa stream flows showed that the huge anomalous anticyclonic circulations were developed in North Pacific and eastern Australia. In both hemispheres, the anomalous easterlies (anomalous trade winds) were strengthened from the equatorial central Pacific to the tropical western Pacific by the anomalous circulations, which was an anomalous circulation pattern shown in La $Ni{\tilde{n}}a$ years. As for the 200 hPa stream flows, the huge anomalous cyclonic circulations were also developed in both South Pacific and North Pacific. These two anomalous circulations reinforced the anomalous westerlies in the equatorial central and western Pacific, leading to the increase in summer rainfall in the region of Korea- and northern China since the late 1990s in association with La $Ni{\tilde{n}}a$ pattern, which was resulted in strengthening the Walker circulation. Recently in East Asia, the local Hadley circulation has been strengthened in which upward flows in the equatorial western Pacific and mid-latitude region of East Asia have descended in the subtropical western Pacific.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.58
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• pp.9-33
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• 2018

This article introduce the status and research overview of Korean Confucianism in Eastern Asia with the macroscopic view. Mainly making Tuixi as an example on this basis, respectively make introduction and analysis of research overview among the modern Chinese mainland, Taiwan and Japan towards Korean Confucianism. The scholars who are from Chinese mainland think highly of the expression on meaning and principle in the research of Korean philosophy, which is shown the fair and peace; The scholars who come from Taiwan are obviously impacted by the western world(Taiwan uses the means influenced by the western thinking method) in the means of researching the Korean Confucianism; Japanese persistently rely on the literature and try to reproduce the objectivity of historicism. For decades, the research of Tuixi had made great achievements in Eastern Asia. It had understood the allover content of its thought, It is also worth thinking about the correlation between Tuixi psychology and Yinyang study in Japan, Japan and Taiwan in recent years. Any research is unavoidable to start from own countries, areas and ideological consciousness, but there is a question idea behind the back that comes from emotion and fact. Making the advantage in study meanings and communication in question consciousness will be beneficial to the continuous development of the study of Tuixi in depth and expand its influence.