• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.31-42
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• 2013

With the development of chinese online games rapidly, Game markets need the actual possibilities of practical game's technology increasingly. Additionally Lack of originality of the Chinese online games couldn't be appropriated for consumer's preferences, so it is necessary that the talents in a game design and management should be cultivated. When we cultivate the talents, we should pay attention to the various styles in different countries, that is why we will make a comparative study on the games respectively achieved in China, Japan, and Korea according to the romance of the three kingdoms. They respected the traditional Chinese cultures as materials of this theme, it is worth learning and referencing. We had selected representative 6 games among 25 three Kingdom games and 2 games for each country as a stimulus of the game architectural design in the backgrounds design, with using of SPSS regression analysis, Therefore, this research will provide the references for the better development talents of whom can not only understand Chinese traditional culture but also adapt to the needs of game development.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.151-159
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• 2023

In the digital age, innovation is at the heart of information technology development. This paper explores the differences of regional innovation capabilities from within the innovation system from a new perspective. By applying the coupling coordination degree model, the coupling coordination degree analysis is conducted for the three systems of innovation (innovation input, innovation output, and innovation environment) in 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions of China. The results show that: the overall level of coupling coordination degree in China is low, and the number of provinces in good coordination and quality coordination is low number, but they are all distributed in the eastern economically developed regions, showing a high correlation between regional innovation and regional economic development. The overall trend of China's innovation coordination is on the rise. The research results of this paper can provide a new perspective for the evaluation of innovation capability, and also provide an important impact of innovation on promoting the development of ICT industry.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.221-229
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• 2024

As the level of economic development increases, interest in human capital is also increasing. This paper estimates and compares innovative human capital by region for 31 regions in China between 2002 and 2019. The innovative human capital in this paper consists of education-type human capital, thesis-type human capital, and patent-type human capital. In particular, unlike previous studies, this study assumes that the weight of patent-type human capital and paper-type human capital is higher than that of education-type human capital. This is because patents and thesis will have a relatively greater impact on a region's innovation capacity than simple education background. The analysis results of this paper can be summarized in three points. First, China's regional innovative human capital shows regional disparities. Second, innovative human capital by region is changing dynamically. Third, regional concentration is accelerating, especially in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, and Jiangsu. Therefore, the results of this paper emphasize the importance of the role of innovative human capital in regional economic development.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.74-100
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of Chinese seowons and to obtain data based on the characteristics of waterscapes unique to Korean seowons. The conclusion of this study from the results of investigation and analysis of the location, water system, and design characteristics of 10 representative traditional seowons in China including Yuelu Seowon(嶽麓書院) conducted based on literature research and field observation is as follows. The water system of Chinese seowons is dualized into an inner and an outer water system, and in general, two and a maximum of three water bodies are superimposed on the outside. The locations of seowons are classified into five types: Four double-sided round water type sites, three converted face water type sites, one three-sided round water type site, a four-sided round water type, and a waterproofing type(依山傍水型). Therefore, compared to the typical Korean seowon facing water in the front and a mountain in the back(背山面水型), the Chinese seowons showed a highly hydrophilic property. The water shapes of the external water system were meandering(46.0%), mooring(36.0%), and broad and irregular(9.0%). In addition, water conception(水態) were streams(31.8%), rivers(27.3%), springs(13.6%), falls(9.1%), lakes(4.5%) and ponds(4.5%), in that order. As for waterscapes of the water system inside the seowon, there were seven in Akrok Seowon and four in Mansong Seowon, indicating a comparatively higher number of waterscapes. Since the 27 detailed waterscapes in 10 seowons that were the subject of the study were classified into six types including ponds and half-moon ponds, they appeared to be more diverse than the Korean seowon. It is noteworthy that in the interior waterscape of the traditional Chinese seowon, the ritualistic order, where at least one half-moon pond or square pond(方池) was arranged, is well displayed. In particular, the half-moon pond(伴池), which is difficult to find in Korean seowon, was found to be a representative waterscape element, accounting for 42.8%. If the square pond of Nanxi Seowon based on Zhu Xi's poem 「Gwanseoyugam(觀書有感)」 is also treated as a square-shaped half-moon pond, the proportion of half-moon ponds in the waterscape will be as high as 50%. The pond shapes consisted of 28% square, 24% each for free curve and round shape, 20% for semi-moon shape, and 3.8% for mountain stream type. This seems to differ greatly from the square-shaped Korean seowon. On the other hand, there were a total of 10 types of structures related to the waterscape inside the Chinese seowon: 11(26.8%) pavilion and bridge sites, five gate room sites(牌坊: 16.5%), four gate and tower sites(樓, 1.4%), two Jae sites(齋, 6.2%), and one site each(3.1%) of Heon(軒), Sa(祠), Dae(臺), and Gak(閣). In particular, the pavilions inside seowon were classified into three types: landscape pavilion(景觀亭 27.2%), tombstone pavilion(碑亭, 18.2%), and banquet pavilion(宴集亭, 54.5%). In general, it was confirmed that the half-moon pond with a pedestal bridge, and the pavilion were the major components with a high degree of connection that dominate the waterscape inside the Chinese seowon.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.102-112
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• 1989

Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were performed on the nine quantitative characters of the one hundred and forty eight silkworm genetic stocks. The six major quantitative characters such as cocoon yield, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell percentage, larval period of the 5th instar silkworm, and total larval period showed significantly positive correlation between them. The first three principal components extracted form the initial nine variables by principal component analysis accounted for about eighty percent of original information. The first and second principal components were characterized as factors related to silk productivity, and cocoon productivity, respectively. On the basis of multivariate analysis using city block distance determined from the first three principal components to measure the phenotypic diversity, the one hundred and forty eight silkworm genetic stocks could be clustered into seven varietal groups, and the phenotypic diversity between the varietal groups was partly related to their geographical origins. Among 7 varietal group, group II and IV revealed higher silk and cocoon productivity.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.1-27
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• 2023

This study first reviews the evolving literature on industrial innovation policy and thereby identifies three main goals of such policy. The first goal is traditional industrial policy aiming growth of existing and future industries, the second goal is sustainable development and quality of life, and third goal encompasses the issues related to supply chain and economic security. Then, the paper evaluates industrial innovation policy goals of the five economies (United States, China, Germany, Japan, and Taiwan) in terms of the relative weights given to each goal by each economy, and derives implications for Korea. The United States emphasizes economic security and supply chain stability amid its rivalry with China. In contrast, China focuses more on traditional industrial policies but has recently begun to consider supply chain and economic security. Germany and Japan tend to give similar weights to each of the three goals. Taiwan follows this trend with a new and additional emphasis on economic security given the rising threats from China. For Korea, economic security may not be the top priority, unlike the two super-powers. Instead, it seems more appropriate for Korea to follow Germany or Japan to prioritize supply chain stability and technology sovereignty, and, at the same time, fostering future growth industries must be still an important goal. Further, the concept of economic security for Korea should include promotion of defense industry and food security.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2021

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, which causes bacterial canker in kiwifruit, is divided into five biovars (1, 2, 3, 5, 6) on the basis of genetic characteristics and toxin productivity. Among them, biovar 3 is responsible for the current global outbreak, and has been isolated in Korea since 2011. Biovar 3 strains isolated from Korea are subdivided into six genetically different lineages (subgroup I, IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII) based on random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. In this work, the subgroup-specific sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) primers were developed from sequenced differential RAPD bands. Distribution of the subgroups of the biovar 3 strains collected in Korea from 2011-2017 were examined using these subgroup-specific primer sets. Among the 54 strains tested, 35 strains (64.8%) belonged to subgroup V, 9 strains (16.7%) belonged to subgroup IV, 4 strains (7.4%) belonged to subgroup VI, 3 strains (5.6%) belonged to subgroup VII, 2 strains (3.7%) belonged to subgroup VIII, and 1 (1.9%) strain belonged to subgroup I. Strains belonging to subgroups IV, V, and VI were shown to be related to strains isolated from China, New Zealand, and Chile, respectively. The study revealed that the biovar 3 strains in Korea are genetically diverse and are estimated to have been introduced through pollen sourced from foreign countries.

• Proceedings of the Korean Quaternary Association Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.75-76
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• 2004

일산 이산포 BH-4 발굴단면의 퇴적물 시료로부터 화분 포자 및 담수성과 해양성조류화석이 다양하고 풍부하게 산출되었다. 산출된 식물기원 미화석 중, 목본화분 $25{\sim}60%$, 초본화분 $15{\sim}70%$ 그리고 포자 $4{\sim}30%$ 각각 구성 되었다. 또한 담수성 조류(freshwater algae)는 전체 단면구간에서 산출된 반면, 와편모류(dinoflagellate), 아크리타치(acritarch)와 같은 해양성조류(marine algae)는 하부단면구간(절대고도: 3.31-2.74 m)에서만 산출되었다. 산출된 화분 포자 및 통계처리기법(CONISS)을 이용하여 2개의 지역화분대 (local pollen a assemblage zone) 및 4개의 아화분대(local pollen assemblage subzone)가 설정되었다. 제I화분대(시료 $Al-2{\sim}A6-1$, 고도 $2.70{\sim}3.31\;m$)는 다시 제Ia아화분대(시료 $Al-2{\sim}A3-1$, 고도 $2.70{\sim}3.00\;m$)와 제Ib아화분대(시료 $A4-2{\sim}A6-1$, 고도 $3.01{\sim}3.31\;m$)로 세분되었으며; 제II화분대(시료 $A7-2{\sim}A10-1$, 고도 $3.32{\sim}3.72\;m$) 역시 두개의 아화분대인 제IIa(시료 $A7-2{\sim}A8-1$, 고도 $3.32{\sim}3.51\;m$)와 제lIb(시료 $A9-2{\sim}A10-1$, 고도 $3.53{\sim}3.72\;m$)로 이루어졌다. 화분군집조성에 의하면, 미화석들이 퇴적되었던 시기동안에 2개의 산림(forest)형태가 발달했던 나타났다. 제I화분대(고도, $3.31{\sim}2.74\;m$)의 시기동안에는 침엽수와 낙엽활엽수로 이루어진 혼합림으로, 주요 식생은 2엽소나 무(Diploxylon), 가문비((Picea), 낙엽송(Larix)의 침엽수와 참나무(Quercus), 자작나무(Betula), 개암나무(Corylus), 중국굴피 나무속(Pterocarya)의 낙엽활엽수 등이 산악-구릉지에서 주로 서식하였던 것으로 나타났다. 또한 습생나무인 오리나무(Alnus), 버드나무(Salix)등과 해안가 등지에서 잘 서식하는 양치식물과 사초과(Cyperaceae), 명아주과(Chenopodiaceae) 같은 풀들이 하구언(estuary)의 해안가에 주로 서식하였던 것으로 나타났다. 이 시기동안에 해양성조류인 와편모류와 담수성 조류가 동시에 다양하게 산출되는 것은 하구언 퇴적환경이었음을 잘 지시해 준다. 제II화분대(고도, 43.72{\sim}3.36\;m$)가 시작되면서 혼합림은 침엽수림으로 바뀌었으며, 낙엽활엽수들의 서식지가 2엽소나무로 대치되면서 침엽수가 주요 수종을 이루었던 것으로 나타났다. 아마도 이런 산림형태는 자연 기후환경변화 뿐만 아니라 인간간섭에 의해 나타난 결과로 생각된다. 이 시기에 경작식물인 벼과(Gramineae), 옥수수(Zea), 메밀(Fagopyrum)과 논밭의 뚝 등지 에서 서식하는 돼지풀(Ambrosia) 등이 처음으로 산출되는 것으로 보아 인간간섭이 행해졌음을 잘 뒷 받침해준다. 또한 담수성 조류는 변함없이 산출되는 반면, 해양성조류인 와편모류가 산출되지 않는 것으로 보아 해안환경에서 다소 멀 어진 저지대의 습윤한 충적대지환경으로 변하였던 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.5-9
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• 2012

A new silkworm variety SooOkJam for spring rearing season is F1 hybrid between Jam157, a japanese race bred from introduction breeding and Jam158, a chinese race from introduction breeding. In the local adaptability test performed at 8 local areas in spring of 2011, the hatchability rate of SooOkJam was recorded 2% higher than the authorized silkworm variety, DaePoongJam. The larval period was recorded 12 hour shorter than DaePoongJam. The pupation percentage was recorded 0.8% higher than DaePoongJam. Single cocoon weight (2.40 g), Cocoon yield (22.6 kg) and best cocoon rate (95.5%) was similar to DaePoongJam. The concentration of DNJ was measured 4.12 mg in SooOkJam, lower than DaePoongJam (4.45 mg). Test of the artificial diet of SooOkJam showed excellent adaptability of the artificial diet for larval period from 1st to 3rd, similar to KumOkJam. In the Paecilomyces tenuipes production ability test, the pupal weight of SooOkJam was 1.61 g/individual, similar to DaePoongJam (1.65 g/individual).

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.37-51
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• 2018

Molecular phylogenetic analysis was conducted to evaluate the taxonomic relationships of genus Arisaema L. distributed in Korea and the molecular phylogenetic characteristics of three authentic Arisaema species for the herbal medicine Arisaematis Rhizoma (the rhizomes of A. amurense, A. heterophyllum, and A. erubescens). The sequences of three DNA barcodes (rDNA-ITS, matK, and rbcL) were analyzed using 50 samples of nine taxa consisted of eight Korean and one Chinese Arisaema with one outgroup (Dracunculus vulgaris). Both individual and combined phylogenetic analyses of three DNA barcode sequences revealed that the treated nine taxa are independently classified into six distinct clades (Clade I, A. amurense f. amurense and A. amurense f. serratum; Clade II, A. serratum and A. takesimense; Clade III, A. ringens; Clade IV, A. erubescens; Clade V, A. heterophyllum; Clade VI, A. thunbergii subsp. thunbergii and A. thunbergii subsp. geomundoense). These six clades were reasonably divided into three individual sections, Pedatisecta, Sinarisaema, and Tortuosa. Futhermore, the results of comparative DNA barcode sequences analyses provided a significant information for the taxonomic reconsideration of Arisaema L. at the specific and intraspecific level. However, we could not confirm the taxonomic characteristics or identity among the three authentic medicinal species through the molecular phylogenetic analyses of genus Arisaema L. for Arisaematis Rhizoma.