• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.93-98
• /
• 2007

Acute toxicity of WK-38, a herbal preparation for the atherosclerosis, was examined using male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. WK-38 is composed of Rhei Rhizoma, Magonoliae Cortx, Moutan Cortex Radicis. Rats were treated with the WK-38 intragastrically at 0 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg or 2,000 mg/kg and observed for two weeks. No mortality was observed at the doses used. Abnormal clinical signs such as eye bleeding, nasal bleeding and hyperemia had been shown temporary after administration. All rats were appeared to be healthy and normal during the 2 week observation. Also there was no difference in net body weight gain, gross pathological findings, and urine analysis among the groups rats treated with different doses of the WK-38.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.36 no.5
• /
• pp.367-370
• /
• 2003

A 62-year-old male was admitted to our hospital complaining of coldness in both legs and discolorization in the right toes. On angiogram, obstruction of right external iliac artery and left common iliac artery was shown. The patient underwent extended extraanatomic arterial reconstruction due to poor general conditions. From right subclavian artery to right popliteal artery, artery bypass was done with 8 mm PTFE and 6 mm PTFE Suprapubic crossover bypass was done with another 8 mm PTFE from 8 mm PTFE in right inguinal area that was anastomosed with right subclavian artery and left common femoral artery The patient was discharged from hospital and OPD follow up was done. Right leg pain and discolorization of entire toes disappeared and were normalized. We report a case of extended extraanatomic arterial reconstruction: subclavian artery-popliteo-crossover-femoral-PEFE-bypass.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.25-30
• /
• 2013

Increased intima-media thickness(IMT) of the common carotid artery is an early marker of atherosclerosis and a powerful predictor of coronary and cerebrovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between carotid artery IMT and cardiovascular risk factors. Total 134 adult were performed with Ultrasonography to measure IMT at common carotid artery, the physical measurements and blood tests, the following results were obtained. As a result, IMT showed higher value in male IMT than female IMT. And, the IMT increased according to the age increased. Also, TC and AI have positive significant correlation with IMT. In Conclusion, cardiovascular risk factors with adult are associated with increased IMT of common carotid artery.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.82 no.3
• /
• pp.527-540
• /
• 2021

Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) of the femoropopliteal artery is commonly caused by atherosclerosis. It can present with varying clinical symptoms depending on the degree of disease, ranging from intermittent claudication to critical limb ischemia and tissue loss. Therefore, appropriate and timely treatment is required to improve symptoms and salvage the affected limbs. Interventional approaches for femoropopliteal arterial disease commonly include percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, atherectomy, and stent placement. Over the years, endovascular recanalization has been widely performed for treating PAOD due to continuous developments in its techniques and availability of dedicated devices with the inherent advantage of being minimal invasive. In this review, we introduce various types of endovascular treatment methods, discuss the results of clinical research from existing literature, and illustrate the treatment procedures using representative images.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.275-287
• /
• 2008

Depression and coronary artery disease are both highly prevalent diseases. Many previous studies suggest that depression is a common comorbid condition in patients with coronary artery disease and has a significant negative impact on the onset, course, and prognosis of coronary artery disease. However, the exact mechanisms that underlie the association between these two diseases remain unclear. Pathophysiologic mechanisms that may explain the effect of depression on coronary artery disease include hypercoagulability, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system dysregulation, altered inflammatory response. On the contrary, pathophysiologic mechanisms in coronary artery disease that affect depression are less well known. It is also suggested that both diseases may share a common genetic vulnerability. The authors reviewed the literature on the pathophysiologic relationships of depression and coronary heart disease.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.169-176
• /
• 2008

The subcronic toxicity of WK-38, a herbal preparation for the atherosclerosis, was examined in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. WK-38 is composed of Rhei Rhizoma, Magonoliae Cortx, Moutan Cortex Radicis. Rats were treated with the test substance at a dose of 5 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg intragastrically for 13 weeks. Control rats were treated with vehicle only. No death and abnormal clinical signs were observed throughout the administration period. Also there was no difference in net body weight gain, food and water consumption, organ weight, gross pathological findings, and urine analysis among the groups of rats treated with different doses of the WK-38. Hematological findings and biochemical examination revealed no evidence of specific toxicity related to WK-38. The results suggested that under the condition employed in this study no observation effect level (NOEL) of WK-38 would be 500 mg/kg/day.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
• /
• v.14A no.2
• /
• pp.77-84
• /
• 2007

The intima media thickness(IMT) of the carotid artery from B mode ultrasound images has recently been proposed as the most useful index of individual atherosclerosis and can be used to predict major cardiovascular events. Ultrasonic measurements of the IMT are conventionally obtained by manually tracing interfaces between tissue layers. The drawbacks of this method are the inter and intra observer variability and its inefficiency. In this paper, we present a multiresolution snake method combined with the dynamic programming, which overcomes the various noises and sensitivity to initialization of conventional snake. First, an image pyramid is constructed using the Gaussian pyramid that maintains global edge information with smoothing in the images, and then the boundaries are automatically detected in the lowest resolution level by minimizing a cost function based on dynamic programming. The cost function includes cost terms which are representing image features and geometrical continuity of the vessel interfaces. Since the detected boundaries are selected as initial contour of the snake for the next level, this automated approach solves the problem of the initialization. Moreover, the proposed snake improves the problem of converging th the local minima by defining the external energy based on multiple image features. In this paper, our method has been validated by computing the correlation between manual and automatic measurements. This automated detection method has obtained more accurate and reproducible results than conventional edge detection by considering multiple image features.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.532-535
• /
• 1999

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and analyze the surgical techniques and postoperative complications in patients undergoing operations for descending thoracic aortic aneurysms. Material and Method: The data of 22 major operations between March 1987 and August 1997 were retrospectively reviewed. Result: There were 18 men and 4 women with a mean age of 49 years (range 33 years to 82 years). The cause of the aneurysm was aortic dissection in 13 patients, atherosclerosis in 3, mycotic in 3, trauma in 2 and uncertain in 1. The operative techniques were resection and graft replacement in 16, axillofemoral bypass graft in 2, femorofemoral bypass graft in 2, exclusion, aneurysmorrhaphy in 1 and transfemoral stent insertion in 1. During the operation, 16 cases were performed under total aortic clamp. Among the 16 patients, femorofemoral bypass was used in 14 cases and previously made shunt in 2 cases. The mean total aortic clamp time was 91 minutes and the mean extracorporeal circulation time was 116 minutes. One death occurred in an excluded patient on the 52 postoperative day due to a rupture of the aneurysm. Postoperative complications were paraplegia in 1 case, acute renal failure in 1 case and acute respiratory failure in 1 case. Conclusion: Although surgical treatment of the descending thoracic aneurysm has many postoperative complications, good surgical results can be achieved with a proper patient selection and fine surgical techniques.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.399-407
• /
• 2012

To evaluate age and gender differences in the relation of cardiovascular risk factors, cognitive impairment, and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis from aged people using by a cross sectional method. Sixty-nine healthy elders living in the community who had not previously undergone carotid ultrasonography were included. We conducted life style surveys, and cognitive function tests including Korean-mini-mental state examination (K-MMSE) and clinical dementia rating-Korean. Various biomarkers from blood were assessed; fasting insulin-like growth factor-1, lipid-profile, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, total homocysteine, glucose, insulin, Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) for insulin resistance index, vitamin B12, and folate level. Carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT), and plaques were measured using carotid ultrasonography and aortic ultrasonography, a valid index of atherosclerosis. For the elderly subjects (aged 65-82 years), cognition impairment was more prevalent in females while subclinical atherosclerosis was more prevalentin males. Increased C-IMT has been kept in males, and C-IMT shows increasing trend and the peak at about 80 year-old in females with increasing age. The significant correlations between C-IMT and many vascular risk factors including age, triglyceride, abnormal homocysteinein male, and K-MMSE, insulin, HOMA index and abnormal aortic ultrasonography in female were different in each gender, with the exception of homocysteine (p<0.05). This data suggests that there were differences of age and gender characteristics in terms of subclinical atherosclerosis, cognitive impairment and vascular risk factors in community-living elders. Further larger and longitudinal studies across entire age are required to better understand the effects of risk factors on subclinical atherosclerosis.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.12 no.10
• /
• pp.4434-4442
• /
• 2011

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are reactive and potentially harmful to cells, causing oxidation of lipids, proteins, and DNA. In humans, the deleterious effects of ROS have been linked with aging, carcinogenesis, and atherosclerosis. In order to investigate an antioxidant activity of wood vinegar by bioconversion, we preferentially analyzed the total acidity, acetic acid, pH, and contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids, respectively. Also, we evaluated the scavenging abilities on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, superoxide anion radicals, hydrogen peroxide radicals, and nitric oxide radicals. The total acidity and amount of acetic acid of wood vinegar after bioconversion were lower than those of wood vinegar before bioconversion, but the pH was higher than that of wood vinegar before bioconversion. The contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids of wood vinegar after bioconversion were 11.17 mg/$m{\ell}$ and 0.42 mg/$m{\ell}$, respectively. The $SC_{50}$ values were in order of superoxide anion radical scavenging activity < DPPH radical scavenging activity < hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity < nitric oxide radical scavenging activity. Therefore, these results suggest that wood vinegar by bioconversion can be useful as primary antioxidants for medicines and cosmetics.