• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.15-32
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• 2011

The purpose of the present study was to examine mechanisms by which the characteristics of child temperament influences academic achievement in late childhood. It was hypothesized that the effects of child temperament on achievement would be mediated by assertive behavior on the part of children and maternal parenting behavior. Data for this study came from self-report questionnaires completed by 657 elementary school children (343 boys, 314 girls). The results of structural equation modeling demonstrated that child temperament affected academic achievement through both assertive behavior and maternal parenting behavior; this was evidenced across the entire sample. Child temperament (approach-withdrawal, mood quality, persistence) also had a number of positive effects on assertive behavior (directiveness, social assertiveness, defense of rights and interests) and maternal parental behavior (warmth-acceptance, guidance). These results were found to be the case for both boys and girls. The results of this study further revealed that maternal parenting behavior mediated the relationship between child temperament and achievement for boys, whereas assertive behavior played the same role for girls. These findings suggest the need for different approaches in developing programs to improve levels of academic achievement which give due consideration to child temperament and social behavior as well as parenting, based on child gender.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.345-353
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to explore effects of acceptance-­commitment therapy on assertiveness and interpersonal anxiety of university students with interpersonal anxiety. Twelve students are selected of three hundred thirty students who completed an assertiveness sacle and a social anxiety scale, and finally six students were assigned to an experiment group and the others to a control group. ACT program consisting of 8 sessions twice a week approximately 120minutes is provided for experiment group, on the other hand, nothing is provided for control group. All participants completed an assertiveness sacle, a social anxiety scale at pre-­test, post-­test, and 6 weeks follow­-up periods. In the experimental group, the assertiveness score was improved after ACT program but not in the control group. The improvement observed in the experimental group was maintained until the follow-­up test. In the anxiety test, the experimental group showed a larger decrease than the control group, and the difference was also found in the follow­-up test. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study, along with suggestions for future study were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.896-903
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was designed to exam me the effects of an assertive training program on interpersonal relations, and psychiatric symptoms in patients with a mental disorder. Method: The study employed a quasi experimental design. The subjects included 44 patients with a mental disorder, 20 in the experimental group, and 24 in the control group. Data was collected using structured questionnaires over a 3 month period. Results: There were greater significant increases in scores of interpersonal relations and content of communication in the experimental group than the control group. Also, there was a greater significant decrease in the score of psychiatric symptoms in the experimental group than the control group. Conclusion: Assertive training has an effect on increasing content of communication and decreasing psychiatric symptoms.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was designed to identify levels of job stress and assertiveness behaviors and the relationship between them among ICU nurses. Methods: A correlational descriptive survey was used to these relationships among 454 ICU nurses from 25 hospitals which were members of Korean Association of Critical Care Nurses. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire which included 58 items of job stress and assertiveness scale from November 4 to 14, 2008. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients were used to analyze the data. Results: ICU nurses experience mild to moderate degree of job stress, A score of assertiveness behaviors was 2.86. There was a negative relationship between job stress and assertiveness behaviors(r=-.106, p=.024) as influenced by role conflict, lack of professional knowledge and skills, and inappropriate treatment. Conclusion: ICU nurses, especially nurses with 3-6 year clinical experience, are in need of support to manage their job stress. These nurses should be supported through provision of adequate stress management and assertiveness program.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.44
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• pp.144-179
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• 2008

This paper explores the formation of global responsibility discourses in the elite US media used in promoting NATO's military interventions in the post-Cold War era. The case study of global responsibility discourses surrounding the Bosnian War (1992-1995) and the Kosovo Conflict (1998-1999) offers an account of the roles of the elite US media in foreign policy. The construction and articulation of global responsibility discourses in the elite US media were closely related to the US government's policy and were formed within the framework of US national interest and domestic responsibility. The cases of military intervention in the post-Cold War period imply that there were more fundamental structure and patterns by which the elite US media approached the 'humanitarian crises': 'benevolent domination' and the subsequent construction of a 'melodramatic national identity' in the war narratives. Presuming that the elite US media's discourse is a primary site for the public for experiencing and understanding distant suffering, this paper concludes that global responsibility discourses within the media may have dangerous ramifications for global democracy because the discourse of responsibility can potentially absorb the creative, progressive energies created by the public's awareness of responsibility on a global scale in order to reinforce the relations of domination.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.167-194
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• 2020

In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a woman who claims sexual assault would be evaluated more negatively, and the suspected man would be judged more leniently, when the woman is agentic. In addition, we expected that this phenomenon would occur because the agentic accuser does not conform to the 'sexual crime victim' stereotype or feminine norms, and considered these as mediator variables. We also postulated that male (vs. female) participants would have a less positive regard of the agentic accuser and tested participant gender's moderating effects. Contrary to our hypothesis, participants criticized the agentic (vs. non-agentic) woman who claims sexual assault less and perceived her more positively and truthfully, and more likely to judged the suspected man to be guilty and recommended longer sentences. However, we observed the expected moderating effects of participant gender, so that male (vs. female) participants evaluated the agentic accuser more negatively. Mediation analyses yielded results on perceived truthfulness that were consistent with our hypothesis: Participants thought of agentic accuser as less feminine, which predicted less perceived truthfulness. Also, the less the agentic accuser was perceived to be feminine, male participants blamed her more while female participants had more positive impressions of her.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.36
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• pp.165-196
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• 2011

With the increasing concerns of victimization of school violence, this paper is intended to present a pioneering study on the victims' conscientization which may result from their own experience of school violence by peers. The predominant concern of the study consists in: (1) the direct effects of individuals' perception toward violence in general, non-assertiveness, school violence experience by peers, and prosocial behavioral tendency on the individual conscientization of school violence problems; (2) the indirect effects of both individual prosocial behavioral tendency and perceptions toward violence through non-assertiveness on individual conscientization of school violence problems;(3) the sexual differences of the five latent variables(perceptions toward violence in general, non-assertiveness, prosocial behavioral tendency, school violence experience by peers, and conscientization of school violence problems; (4) the sexual differences of both direct and indirect correlates on conscientization of school violence problems. Research is based on a survey conducted with 526 adolescents (268 males and 258 females) from 16 middle schools located in different districts of the city of Pohang. In order to address the research questions, structural equation models on adolescents' conscientization of school violence are explored. A variety of tests are conducted (configural invariance, metric invariance and structural invariance, intercept invariance, critical ratio for difference test, multi-group analysis, latent mean analysis including Cohen's effect test). The major findings of the study support the significance of both direct effects and indirect effects of the four latent factors(perceptions of violence in general, non-assertiveness, prosocial behavioral tendency, school violence experience by peers). The individual prosocial behavioral tendency has a positive mediating effect on the enhancement of individual conscientization toward school violence problems. However, we fail to find the direct positive effect of individual violence experience on the conscientization of school violence problems. In conclusion, a range of practical implications for social workers and other related professionals who are engaged in helping out the adolescents with school violence by peers are suggested based on the study findings.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.387-396
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• 2005

The purpose of this research was to find differences of children's behavioral pattern between players and non players of the online game "Lineage" in on-line and off line space. As a result, social behaviors of children who play online games were less active than who don't. Based on their motive and behavior pattern in online world, four behavior patterns in online world were identified; "Single-Oriented", "Community-Oriented", "Off-Real World" and "Discriminative." Off-Real World and Discriminative players were more sociable than Single-Oriented and Community-Oriented players. And Discriminative player has more self assertive attitude than others. This study may serve as a model to understand how players will respond to the various game features and how they adopt the virtual world for their interpersonal relationships.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.490-500
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop assertiveness training applying Dongsasub training for junior nursing students, and to verify effectiveness of the training on assertiveness behavior, self-esteem, clinical practice stress, and clinical competence. Methods: The study design was a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. Participants were 63 nursing students in clinical training (31 students in the experimental group and 32 students in the control group). The assertiveness training applying Dongsasub training consisted of four sessions. Outcome variables included assertiveness behavior, self-esteem, clinical practice stress, and clinical competence. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, Fisher's exact test and independent samples t-test with SPSS/WIN 21.0. Results: Scores of assertiveness behavior (t=-2.49, p=.015), self-esteem (t=-4.80, p <.001) and clinical competence (t=-2.33, p=.023) were significantly higher and clinical practice stress (t=4.22, p <.001) was significantly lower in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Results indicate that the assertiveness training applying Dongsasub training can be used as a nursing intervention to lower clinical practice stress and improve the clinical competence of nursing students.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.681-690
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of assertiveness training on nurses' assertive behaviors, interpersonal relations, communication conflicts, conflict management style and personnel turnover rate. Method: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used in this study, Nurses were assigned into the experimental or control groups, each consisting of 39 nurses. Data was collected between January to March 2004. An 'Assertiveness Training Program' for Nurses developed by Park was used for the study. To emphasize assertiveness practice, 5 practice sessions utilizing ABCDE principles were added to Park's program. To examine the effects of the program, differences between the two groups in assertive behaviors, interpersonal relations, communication conflicts, conflict management style and personnel turnover rate were analyzed using ANCOVA. Results: The assertiveness training was effective in improving the nurses' assertiveness behaviors, but was not effective in improving interpersonal relations, reducing the subjects' communication conflicts, changing the conflict management style or reducing their personnel turnover rate. Conclusion: There have been many studies about factors affecting nurses' personnel turnover rates, but few have been done about methods of intervention to reduce the personnel turnover rate. Thus, this study provides a significant contribution in attempting such an intervention from nursing management perspectives.