• Korean Journal of School Psychology
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.207-230
• /
• 2019

This study examined the effect of Attention Feedback Awareness and Control Training(A-FACT) on attention bias and generalized anxiety symptoms in college students. A total of 31 college students with at least 10 points on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale or at least 56 points on the Korean version of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (K-PSWQ) with attention bias were randomly assigned to one of three groups: A-FACT( n = 11), Attention Bias Modification (ABM)(n = 10) and Active Placebo Control (APC)(n = 10). Participants in A-FACT group received real-time feedback on attention bias based on their Baseline Neutral Response time(BNR) during A-FACT using a dot probe task. Participants in the ABM group received standard ABM, and those in the APC performed a dot probe task that they were informed was a program to reduce attention bias, but feedback was not provided. A total of eight sessions was conducted twice a week over a 4-week period. After every two sessions, GAD-7, K-PSWQ and K-STAI were rated. The effect of attention bias modification training was rated by changes in the Attention Bias Score(ABS), and in GAD-7, K-PSWQ and K-STAI scores. The results of repeated measure ANOVA indicated that the A-FACT group showed a significant decrease in ABS as well as in GAD-7, K-PSWQ and K-STAI scores compared to the other groups. Current results suggest that self-regulatory control of attention, that is, recognition of bias through feedback in A-FACT, may be effective in alleviating attention bias and generalized anxiety symptoms by recognizing bias through feedback on bias in attention bias modification training.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2007.02b
• /
• pp.633-638
• /
• 2007

본 연구에서는 신체상 위협상황에서 대처 전략을 측정할 수 있는 한국판 신체상 대처전략 척도(K-BICSI: The Korean Version of the Body Image Coping Strategy: K-BICSI)를 사용하여 회피 전략을 사용하는 정도에 따라 고회피집단(N=12)과 저 회피집단(N=12)으로 구분하여 실험참가자를 모집하였다. 연구의 목적은 외모 관련 자극이 제시 되었을 때 달라지는 주의편향과 자극 제시 전후의 정서변화를 살펴보는 것이었다. 실험 참가자는 여대생 24명으로, 안구운동 추적장비의 최초 응시방향과 응시시간을 이용해 주의편향을 확인했으며, 정서변화는 VAS로 측정하였다. 분석 결과 고 회피집단은 저 회피집단에 비해 비매력자극에 대한 더 높은 최초응시 경향을 나타냈지만, 매력자극에 대해서는 유의미하게 긴 응시시간을 보였고, 외모관련 지극 제시 전보다 후에 더 유의미하게 정서가 부정적으로 변하였다. 본 연구의 결과로 고 회피집단은 저 회피집단과는 다른 주의 인지기제를 가지고 있으며 외모관련 자극에 정서적으로 민감하게 반응한다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.935-946
• /
• 2016

This study aims to explore cognitive biases relating the core competences of science and instructional strategy in reducing the level of cognitive biases. The literature review method was used to explore cognitive biases and science education experts discussed the relevance of cognitive biases to science education. Twenty nine cognitive biases were categorized into five groups (limiting rational causal inference, limiting diverse information search, limiting self-regulated learning, limiting self-directed decision making, and category-limited thinking). The cognitive biases in limiting rational causal inference group are teleological thinking, availability heuristic, illusory correlation, and clustering illusion. The cognitive biases in limiting diverse information search group are selective perception, experimenter bias, confirmation bias, mere thought effect, attentional bias, belief bias, pragmatic fallacy, functional fixedness, and framing effect. The cognitive biases in limiting self-regulated learning group are overconfidence bias, better-than-average bias, planning fallacy, fundamental attribution error, Dunning-Kruger effect, hindsight bias, and blind-spot bias. The cognitive biases in limiting self-directed decision-making group are acquiescence effect, bandwagon effect, group-think, appeal to authority bias, and information bias. Lastly, the cognitive biases in category-limited thinking group are psychological essentialism, stereotyping, anthropomorphism, and outgroup homogeneity bias. The instructional strategy to reduce the level of cognitive biases is disused based on the psychological characters of cognitive biases reviewed in this study and related science education methods.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.145-153
• /
• 2014

This study examined the linkage between positive cognitive bias and entrepreneurial intention. Self-enhancement, unrealistic optimism, and illusion of control have been collectively referred as positive cognitive bias. We examined the effects of positive cognitive bias on attitudes toward success and failure. And we also examined the effect of attitudes toward success and failure on entrepreneurial intension. This study investigated these relationships using 240 high school students. The result of analysis indicated that the self-enhancement bias and unrealistic optimism bias had positive effects on attitude toward failure, but it had not any effect on attitude toward success. The illusion of control bias has positive effects on attitude toward success, but it had not any effect on attitude toward failure. The attitudes toward success and failure had positive effect on entrepreneurial intension. Then results of this study suggests that the cognitive biases showed a role of antecedents of attitudes toward success and failure. Finally, this study concluded with a discussion of the implications of the research findings and directions for future research.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.75-84
• /
• 2019

Addicts pay more attention to addiction-related cues, such as substance or behavior. And increased attention to these cues is associated with craving. Methamphetamine is the most abused drug among domestic drug offenders, with continually increasing rates of recidivism. Of the total number of reported drug offenders in the last three years, 21.1 percent have been women. Even so, research on female drug offenders is inadequate, rendering policies and fundamental data for the development of psychotherapy programs insufficient. The present study intended to investigate whether female methamphetamine addicts displayed an attention bias towards drug cues. A dot probe task was conducted on 22 female methamphetamine addicts (addiction group) and 22 non-addicts (control group). The task allowed the correct response rates and correct reaction times of the participants to be calculated according to the positioning of the drug and neutral cues. The analysis results revealed that the control group displayed no difference in correct reaction rates and correct reaction times between the drug or neutral cues. While, the addiction group showed lower correct response rate and slower response time for drug cues in comparison to neutral cues. The results of this study are significant in that it identified the attention bias characteristics toward drug cues of female methamphetamine addicts who were disconnected from drugs.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.33-44
• /
• 2023

Entrepreneurial self-efficacy is an important variable that explains people's attitudes and behaviors toward start-ups. In this study, we focused on individual psychological characteristics variables such as luck in belief and positive cognitive bias that affect entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Among these variables, we paid particular attention to luck in belief. The belief that business success depends on luck is widespread, but scientific verification about it has not been much. The reason for the academic indifference is that luck is a kind of superstition, related to precognition or extrasensory perception, and randomly caused by the external environment. The study of luck began in earnest as a measure to measure luck as an individual characteristic variable such as personality was developed. The purpose of this study is to examine the existing studies on luck in belief and to examine the effect of this luck in belief on positive cognitive bias and entrepreneurial self-efficacy through empirical analysis. For empirical analysis, this study conducted an on-line survey of 400 ordinary people and conducted a structural equation model analysis using AMOS 21.0 to verify the hypothesis. As a result of hypothesis testing, all hypotheses that luck in belief would have a positive effect on positive cognitive bias(self-enhancement bias, illusion of control bias, unrealism optimistic bias) were adopted. The hypothesis that positive cognitive bias(self-enhancement bias, illusion of control bias, unrealistic optimism bias) will have a positive effect on entrepreneurial self-efficacy was also adopted. Additional analysis was conducted to examine the mediating role of positive cognitive bias in the relationship between luck in belief and entrepreneurial self-efficacy, which showed that 'luck in belief→positive cognitive bias →entrepreneurial self-efficacy' were statistically significant. Through this, we confirmed the mediating effect of positive cognitive bias in the relationship between luck in belief and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. In the conclusion, the implications and limitations of the study were presented based on the results of this study.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.63-70
• /
• 2001

재료의 열확산계수를 비접촉적인 방법으로 구하기 위하여 광열편향법에 대한 3차원 모델을 해석하였다. 이 방법은 가열빔이 재료에 광학적으로 흡수될 때 검사빔의 초기궤적이 시편과 시편주의 매질의 온도상승으로 인하여 나타나는 굴절지수의 구배에 의하여 검사빔이 편향되는 원리를 이용하는 것이다. 기존의 연구에서는 주로 가열빔과 검사빔의 상대거리를 변화시키면서 편향의 위상각을 측정하여 열확산계수를 결정하였다. 하지만 본 연구에서는 고정된 상대거리에서 가열빔의 변조주파수를 변화시키면서 편향의 위상각을 계산하여 열확산계수를 구할 수 있는 관계식을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 열확산계수 결정 방법은 다른 방법에 비하여 실험과 해석이 간단하고 비교적 측정하기가 어려운 상대거리에 영향을 받지 않는 방법이다.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.399-415
• /
• 2007

Many objects are always present in a visual scene. Since the visual system has limited capacity to process multiple stimuli at a time, how to cope with this informational overload is one of the important problems to solve in visual perception. This study investigated the suppressive interactions among multiple stimuli when attention was directed to either one of the stimuli or all of them. The results indicate that suppressive interactions among multiple circles were reduced in V4 when subjects paid attention to one of the four locations, as compared to the unattended condition. However, suppressive interactions were not reduced when they paid attention to all four items as a set, in order to compute their mean size. These results suggest that whereas focused attention serves to later out irrelevant information, distributed attention provides an average representation of multiple stimuli.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.493-503
• /
• 2021

In this study aviation authority officials were classified into four cultural groups according to culture theory, and then questioned to determine the effects of cultural bias on their social acceptance of a new air traffic flow management system. Based on previous studies, cultural biases were categorized as egalitarianistic, individualistic, fatalistic, and hierarchical, and social acceptances were considered to be influenced by four variables, that is, perceptions of usefulness, work attitude, intention to use, and behavior (job absorption). Empirical analysis showed that hierarchy had a significant positive effect on social acceptance, and egalitarianism was found to have a significant positive effect on social acceptance with 95% credibility. We propose the organizational culture of Korean government be changed to accept the diverse opinions of government officials during the implementation phase of the new system recommended by ICAO.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.19 no.11
• /
• pp.135-144
• /
• 2021

This study investigates the underlying mechanism of YOLO in millennial consumer, especially the influence of perceived economic recession on the present-biased preference. In addition, it was attempted to expand the implicit theory by proposing the individual's entity belief as a mediator for the effect of perceived economic situation on consumers' present-biased seeking behavior. In three experimental studies, undergraduate students who both highly primed and measured negative economic situation showed more favorable attitudes towards present-biased persuasive message and related products. The results of this research provides practical implication for marketers especially in the current situation experiencing economic slowdown due to low economic growth and COVID 19.